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FLORA 


OF 


SANTA CATALINA ISLAND 
( California) 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. lI. 


Csr/F Gronemeann, Del. 


ESCHSCHOLTZIA WRIGLEYANA sp. nov. 
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FIELD MusSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 
PUBLICATION 212 


BoTANICAL SERIES 


FLORA 


OF 


SANTA CATALINA ISLAN 


( California) ‘ 


BY 
CHARLES FREDERICK MILLSPAUGH 
AND 


LAWRENCE WILLIAM NUTTALL 
( Field Collaborator ) 


14 Plates 1 Map 


CHARLES FREDERICK MILLSPAUGH 


Curator, Department of Botany 


CHICAGO? Unis. A. 


January, 1923 


VoL. 


CONTENTS 

PPO RACE Ss. stn clohsiieraieibhs Weve /alaedinatcee haibila's Veal Bier | a a 
Banta) Catalina) Talat eis skieiaiieledn wy \alle eves iD: 

Cotlec bind Stages / li OPA te ine tate at erate ha hye 
Goble Cheats) ipcichiard cain SIS WMI Maal aie alin etalon p. 26 
PCR MOV ACC ETIUPTIEG) fa (ds: sielie ik! Qua tare ale ane a vel eel p35 
Srimmary / ot) the Floral iii Wins iciel HaW wield Uieil p36 
SprerimpaeOpny ten oi \se se SMA y Wei ate Vl KD Ginetta) ie Bear 
PUCRIOPELV EA Ce LUND aR Neen arinri fer eUenatelitK m p. 297 
ria TE ey ee) Ua SRAM SEE A ae NG BAT AD AeA eh Pp. 304 
Ave EVLA iiche ki Sie lpi i evanielallin mvanaleNaAa elle ail atin ty Pp. 313 
Lachenes iid, PCRS vat italy alata eihlia ie ol p. 358 
Hist Tmax Co Pierce ne el cnet ed rp te p. 378 
UP DICLAOME crm bite tiene) Hp caatatanatai ells Hep Wu! ate p. 386 
[0 >, aa BRIAN RPEEDE AS PN P. 200 


PLATE J 
PLATE Il 
Prare)): Tit 


PEAre TY 
PLATE V 


PATE)... VE 
PuaTeE VII 
Pirate VIII 
Prats * LX. 
PLATE x 
PoATE) ! 
PLaTE XII 
Pirate XIII 


PLATE XIV 


Map 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


-Eschscholtzia Wrigleyana (Frontispiece) 


Channel slope from Summit 


f. 1, Pebble Beach 
f.2, Bird Rock 


ff. 1 & 2, Echo Lake 


f.1, Sambucus caerulea 
f.2, Adenostoma fasciculatum 


f.1, Quercus tomentella 
f.2, Vale in Bulrush Canyon 


ff. 1, 2, 3, Lyonothamnus floribundus 


f.1, Lavatera assurgentiflora 
f.2, Opuntia megacantha 


f.1, Coreopsis gigantea (plants) 
f.2, Coreopsis gigantea (flowering head) 


f. 1, Svida catalinensis 
f.2, Tricholoma collybiiforme 


f.1, Stylophyllum insulare 
f.2, Lupinus Hallii 


Desmatodon Hendersoni 


f.1, Coreopsis gigantea 
f.2, Bergerocactus Emoryi 
f.3, Toxicodendron diversilobum 


f.1, Vitis Girdiana 
f.2, Eriogonum nudum 


Santa Catalina Island 


PREFACE 


The Island of Santa Catalina is specially interesting to the Bot- 
anist because of the fact that its Flora comprises a greater number 
of endemic species than any equal area of the Californian mainland. 

The strongly marked characters of several of these endemic 
species has given rise to various theories as to their origin and the 
geologic status of the island itself. 

In order that vegetation may have its true value as a factor in 
interpreting the history of the island, it is imperative that the Flora 
be recorded in detail before the advancing activities of Man shall 
have modified too greatly its original characters. 

The wide ranging of large flocks of sheep; the introduction and 
increase of wild goats; the turning of various springs and canyon 
streams into conduits supplying Avalon; building; and road con- 
struction, are elements working rapid changes in the natural feat- 
ures of the island. 

It is in view of these changes that this book is offered as a con- 
tribution to the Natural History of Santa Catalina. 


SANTA CATALINA ISLAND 
(CALIFORNIA) 


The island of Santa Catalina lies twenty-eight miles off the coast 
of southern California at San Pedro, the port of Los Angeles. Its 
longer axis is approximately east and west, parallel with the mainland. 
It is twenty-two miles long and varies in width from three to eight 
miles. Its total area is 48,438 acres. The island is traversed through- 
out its length by a lofty, precipitous mountain chain only broken by 
a low valley, near the western end, called The Isthmus. The mountain 
chain occasionally branches enclosing several broad, fertile, upland 
valleys, while each branch breaks up into a large number of abrupt 
and sharp ridges embracing canyons of various depths. Several sharp 
peaks arise along the range to heights of from 1,400 to 2,000 feet. 
(See Plate II.) 

The whole contour of the island is extremely rugged, being slashed 
in all directions by “washes” and, from the center toward the sea, by 
canyons, whose floors are usually narrowed to wedge-shape. These 
canyons harbor tiny rills, especially in their upper reaches, or at least 
retain more or less permanent moisture. 

The general soil of the island is friable and unstable on the greater 
slopes. It is most commonly underlaid by tufaceous rock and is pitted 
nearly everywhere. That of the mouths of the washes and canyons 
and of the more extensive valleys is generally deep and rich. 

Many springs exist on the island and a number of living stream- 
lets, the largest of which runs through Middle Ranch Canyon. This 
latter is paralleled by two others, one flowing through a sandy valley, 
in which it frequently broadens into cottonwood bottoms; the other, 
beginning in a canyon high up in the range, precipitates itself into 
Silver Canyon through which it flows to the sea. 

The western face of the ridge-slopes and canyon sides are the 
most luxuriously vegetated, as fogs generally come in from the east 
and, condensing on the higher ridges, bathe those slopes with consid- 
erable moisture throughout the winter and spring months. Conversely 
the eastern slopes are, at that time, dry, supporting only a clumpy 
vegetation of shrubs and cactus. 

Explorative trips on the island should be attempted only by per- 
sons physically strong and willing to undergo heavy exertion, even to 
exhaustion. It is well to keep to the ridges for straight-a-way tramp- 


y 


8 Fir~tp Museum oF Naturat History—Borany, Vou. V. 


ing and to beware of inviting paths that branch therefrom as they are 
mostly but sheep trails leading nowhere and finally disappearing alto- 
gether. Too often the washes or cafions once entered may be left 
only by climbing their sides, as they frequently lead to cul-de-sacs or 
to an abrupt “break-off” high above the sea. On no account should 
a “short-cut” be ventured except with sufficient daylight ahead and 
a sure knowledge of direction. Masses of impenetrable cactus; abrupt 
breaks ; deep washes, or still deeper cafions interfere on every hand, 
making the longest way around generally the shortest way home. 
The easiest tramps are along the road to Pebble Beach, returning by 
the upper road; the Summit, by way of the Coach Road; and the 
Pacific Ridge by way of the road through Avalon Valley and the 
Equestrian Trail. 


PRINCIPAL COLLECTING STATIONS 


AVALON :—The shipping harbor of the island, located on the 
wash formation from Avalon Valley. The bay is crescent-shaped, 
with a shelving sandy beach, terminated by lofty promontories at each 
end of the curve. The city reaches back from the beach several blocks 
to a rather broad, arable valley. A road extends from the eastern end 
of the front street to Pebble Beach and from the western end to the 
St. Catherine hotel situated at the mouth of Descanso Canyon. The 
Coach Road to the Isthmus leaves Marilla Ave. at its first turn, near 
the Catholic Church, and the Avalon Valley Road continues Sumner 
Ave. across the Golf Links ending at the Equestrian Trail. Another 
road to Pebble Beach projects Beacon St. up the east hillside. Jn the 
center of the city is a rather high hill (Reservoir Hill), reached by 
way of Whittley Ave., whence is obtained a fine view of the valley and 
the sea. It is on the east and west hillsides of Avalon and the Pebble 
Beach Road that most of the incidental plant collections, of one-day 
tourists, have been made. 

GOLF LINKS and AVALON VALLEY :—The level portion of 
the course occupies the valley just back of Avalon. It is a sandy 
stretch upon which many notable adventive plants may be found. 
Further back in the valley is a saw-mill and a large cultivated area, 
beyond which is a heavy gravel wash comprising all the remaining 
level. This is excellent collecting ground for the native flora, especially 
the shrubs and vines. 

AVALON RUN:—(At times of heavy rains a considerable 
stream) rises at the head of Piedra Escalera Canyon, and, supplemented 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsSLAND—MitispaucH & NUTTALL 9g 


by numerous branches, drains the whole Avalon Valley watershed. 
It is artificially confined where it bounds the arable fields, the Golf 
Links and the eastern city blocks, finally reaching the sea at the east 
end of Crescent Ave., or Front Street. The wooded slopes bordering 
the Run on the east prove productive collecting ground for vernal 
species. 


BEACON STREET CANYON :—The first canyon opening into 
Avalon Valley on the left, the entrance is by way of the Island Villa 
Annex. The floor of this cafion is of moderate width expanding some- 
what at the first right-hand fork. From this point it begins to ascend 
rapidly, with steep slopes and a very narrow stream bed. The soil 
is rich and the bed and west slope are well wooded. It proves a good 
collecting field in early spring for plants that flourish in shaded places. 
Its bed is dry except during continued rains. 


GOLF LINKS CANYON :—The second left hand canyon open- 
ing into Avalon Valley. Its entrance is at the point where the golf 
course crosses Avalon Run. The lower end is very narrow and the 
slopes steep. It soon begins to rise sharply and terminates at the face 
of a bluff some distance below the top of the mountain. The soil is 
rich, the canyon well wooded, and was found to be a good collecting 
field. The bed is dry except during the rainy season. 


BIG WASH CANYON :—The third cafion debouching into 
Avalon Valley on the left, nearly opposite the saw-mill. Its mouth is 
a broad pebbly arroya with somewhat extensive grassy levels on its 
banks. The arroya reaches back about a thousand feet and forms 
excellent collecting ground for early blooming plants of dry situations. 
The slopes beyond, at the beginning of the canyon proper, are well 
wooded and rich, while the bed becomes damp and the larger boulders, 
impeding the streamlet bed, covered with moss. The cafion early 
forks into a short left and long right branch, the latter reaching up 
toward Mt. Wilson. This canyon and its branches form one of the 
best of the nearby plant habitats in any month of the season. 


CANYON OPPOSITE CHICKEN JOHNNY’S :—The fourth 
canyon opening into Avalon Valley on the left. It is so densely filled 
with trees, shrubs and vines that very few of the flowering herbs of 
the canyon floors are to be found here. The upper part is extremely 
steep and less densely wooded. Here the usual flowering herbs find 
welcome conditions of light and soil. It faces northeast and is gener- 
ally dry. 


10 FIELD MuseuM oF NaturaL History—Borany, Vou. V. 


ROCK SPRING CANYON* :—The first cafion entering Avaion 
Valley on the right at the Golf Links. Its approach is by a branch 
road, bordering a level field, to the Gas Works, beyond which is a 
short, gravelly arroya leading to a bald rock face over which a rill 
trickles throughout the winter and early spring months. Above this 
rock wall there is a mucky willow-bottom rich in Mimulus cardinalis. 
Beyond this and up the left fork the streamlet lives through April. 
The two branches are in open, rocky courses and yield few vernal 
species. 

ROCK FALLS CANYON :—The second canyon opening into 
Avalon Valley on the right. It is separated from Rock Spring Can- 
yon by a narrow, sharp ridge, the Avalon side of which is excellent 
collecting ground in March and April. Among other plants Dedec- 
atheon, Viola and Castilleja grow abundantly on this slope. Rock Falls 
Canyon early develops a lively streamlet flowing through a narrow, 
open, boulder strewn bed, and soon forking above. The left fork 
is the wetter and shadier. It contains a pipeline that runs back over 
the ridge mentioned above and on over to the two water tanks on the 
left slope of Rock Spring Canyon. This left fork is good foraging 
ground for mosses and moisture-loving vernal species. 

CHICKEN JOHNNY’S:—A group of farm buildings on the 
right of the road a short distance beyond Rock Falls Canyon. A good 
hunting ground for adventive plants, many of which, like Nepeta 
Cataria and Ruta graveolens Johnny claims were introduced several 
years ago through his importation of “mill screenings” for chicken 
feed. He wisely asserts that: “It is good for chickens to scratch 
aroun’ for their food, ’stead of gettin’ it too easy”; he, therefore, 
made a practice of scattering the screenings widely about his place, 
where a large number of fowls had open range. 

PIEDRA ESCALERA CANYON :—This canyon opens on the 
right hand side of the Equestrian Trail to the Pacific Ridge at the 
point where the trail continues the roadway. For some distance from 
its mouth the creek bed is cut deep and narrow through an alluvial 
deposit. There is a broad glade on the left which soon narrows to a 
steep canyon slope. A quarter of a mile above the mouth the 
canyon bed begins to ascend very rapidly, the greater part of 
its course lying over solid rock. The right hand branch harbors 
a streamlet which is lost a short distance below the junction of 
the forks. If for nothing more, the cafion is worthy of a visit to view 


*Also known as “Graveyard Canyon” and latterly as “Gas Works 
Canyon.” 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL II 


the rock formation which, in places, resembles a giant staircase (hence 
Piedra Escalera). It is easy of ascent but proves a poor collecting field 
at any season. However, in the frequent boggy pockets of the stream 
bed, there is an abundance of Typha, Mimulus cardinalis and many 
commoner water-loving plants. 


EQUESTRIAN TRAIL:—This newly made trail, built in 1919 
for the accommodation of day-visitors to the island, begins at the end 
of the valley road and zig-zags a thousand feet upward to the Pacific 
Ridge. If one has but a day to expend on the island Flora no better 
or more fruitful tramp offers than the valley road and the ascent of 
this trail. These lead through almost all the peculiar plant habitats 
except the arid and the saline. At the beginning of the trail is a large 
Sambucus tree, three species of Rhus, and just beyond, a glistening 
thicket of Scrophularia. Two species of Oak are soon encountered, 
and nearly all the ferns of the island. About a third of the way up, 
the trail elbows in a damp wash gulley where Urtica, Parietaria, Hes- 
perocnide, Montia, Bowlesia, Ranunculus, Geranium, Ellistas, and 
many other shade-loving species are to be found. At the last third the 
trail is bordered by a few clumps of Ribes and soon passes through 
a considerable extent of Adenostoma. Issuing from this it is open to 
the summit, from which spreads a wonderful view: To the south, 
almost beneath, lies the colorful Pacific with the island of San Clemente 
resting like a mysterious cloud on the horizon; to the right stretches 
the rugged, painted cliffs of the Palisades; to the left the ridges and 
hills leading to the base of Mt. Shatto (1500 ft.) ; looking backward 
to the north Avalon and the valley lie at one’s feet. On clear days 
the mainland and San Pedro Point are plainly discernable beyond the 
placid channel which is dotted with seemingly miniature ships with 
their ever widening wakes. 

At this point the made trail ends in several natural branches: That 
to the left leads, plainly marked, to Mt. Shatto; that to the right may be 
followed down to the Pacific break-off or on to Silver Knob 
(1,380 ft.). 


NOLAVA (Reverse of Avalon) CANYON :—This very deep 
defile lies directly over the ridge from the head of Avalon Canyon. 
This should be entered only by following the trail to Mt. Shatto as 
far as the head of Big Wash Canyon. The slope of Novala is too 
steep and too dangerous to be safely negotiated before that point. 
The lateral branch by which you now enter has a steep and narrow. 
stream bed with scarcely any vegetation except cactus and sage. 


12 Fietp Museum oF Naturat History—Botany, VoL. V. 


Below these the bed is moderately wide and more easily traversed. 
Its vegetation is that common to open, dry canyons elsewhere and 
not notably interesting. Even at its lower reaches the soil appears 
barren As a whole this cafion will not repay the plant collector the 
effort of exploration at any season. 


SNAKE CANYON :—(Because the co-author here encountered 
and killed his first rattlesnake May 25th.) A comparatively short 
canyon lying between Nolava and Silver Canyons. It is entered at a 
point on the trail from the summit of the Equestrian Trail toward 
Silver Knob near the head of Piedra Escalera Canyon, and descends 
to a precipitous cliff on the Pacific shore. Little interest lies in the 
vegetation of this canyon after early spring, though it is possible that, 
about half way down, it may yield more species at that period. 


SAGE CANYON :—A deep canyon whose watershed includes 
the slopes between Snake and Silver canyons. It is reached by turn- 
ing to the right at the terminus of the Equestrian Trail on the summit 
of the Pacific Ridge, and may be entered from a saddle between two 
higher points of the ridge (this saddle being the lowest section of the 
divide between the ocean and the channel). Sage Canyon has three 
deeply cut left hand branches reaching far up toward the watershed 
of Silver Canyon on the west ; and’ three right hand, shorter and deeper 
branches reaching the summit ridge which divides this from Snake 
Canyon A living spring flows from a point below the junction of 
the main branch with the third, and the highest left hand branches 
and is the source of the pools lying throughout the entire year in the 
canyon bed. The floor is quite narrow, rocky, and of little interest. 
The slopes are covered with sage* and cactus except those of the 
right hand branches—these face the north and are densely wooded 
with Oak, Holly, and Catalina Cherry, all low and_ spreading, 
Sour Oak, Catalina Perfume and other shrubs. A visit to this 
canyon is not recommended, as it is so densely covered with 
Sage, in areas, that even a fair-size animal cannot get through. 
The only way to get down it is to walk on top of the sage brush—a 
stray dog that attached himself to us could neither go over nor under 
the brush and was forced to remain behind. The mouth of the can- 
yon opens precipitously to the Pacific, a hundred and fifty feet above 
the beach, rendering it impossible to descend to the shore. 


SILVER CANYON :—While this interesting canyon, one of the 
largest on the island, may be reached by following the ridge to the 


*Ramona stachyoides. 


Fora OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLanD—MitispaucH & NUTTALL 13 


west from the Equestrian Trail, or ascending that beyond Chicken 
Johnny’s, it is far more profitable to the plant observer to enter it 
from the Coach Road: Turn abruptly to the left at the Summit and 
follow the top of the ridge for half a mile noting that you pass the heads 
of several branches of Grand Canyon before you reach the numer- 
ous hollows that descend into the main streamlet of Silver Canyon. 
The upper reaches of all the branches of Silver Canyon are encom- 
passed by rolling hills comparatively free of trees. Its slopes are 
densely covered with grasses, amongst which, during February, March 
and April, may be found a large variety of interesting herbs. The can- 
yon contains water throughout the year. Below the junction of the 
uppermost branches it becomes suddenly precipitous and difficult all the 
way down to the main branch of Grand Canyon, which enters it from 
the northwest. A short distance below this junction the creek bed 
nearly reaches the level of the ocean. From here on the bed is very 
wide and flat and is composed of loose rock, sand and a tangle of drift 
rubbish. It proves an excellent bottom for cottonwood and tree tobacco, 
but is not a profitable collecting place after the early spring months. 

GRAND CANYON :—The main branch of Silver Canyon; so 
named because of the presence of three falls, the lowest of which is 
perpendicular and perhaps sixty or more feet in height. The precipit- 
ous walls on either side make it difficult to climb. The main stream- 
let is reached from a point where the Coach Road passes the head of 
Gallagher’s Canyon about half a mile west of The Summit, marked by 
a broad, grassy glade known as the Hay Press. The upper reaches 
of the canyon comprise one of the interesting collecting fields. The 
main branch is indicated by a long stretch of willows overhanging 
a deep gulch, a fine collecting ground for lichens and fungi. The 
canyon beyond the willows does not have the appearance of being 
worth the effort of exploration by the botanist. 

BULL RUSH CANYON :—This canyon lies parallel with Mid- 
dle Ranch Canyon, and between the latter and the Pacific. It is sep- 
arated from Middle Ranch Canyon by a continuous high ridge known 
as Bull Rush Ridge and from the Salta Verde by the Salta Verde 
Ridge. The head and central portions of the canyon consist of beau- 
tiful stretches of open, park-like glades densely clothed with tall grass 
and here and there extensive groves of oak, holly, cottonwood, willow 
and greasewood. (See Plate VI, f. 2). It is here that the largest 
Quercus tomentella trees flourish, many individuals being 70 feet high 
with a spread of over 100 feet. Sections of this oak growth are fre- 
quent in which the trees are killed by an enveloping mass of poison 


14  Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


ivy whose stems, like intertwining pythons, often reach a diameter of 
over 4 inches (See Plate XII, f. 3). The lower, or western, portion 
of the canyon consists of a steep, boulder-strewn gorge whose walls 
defy even the wild goat in finding a footing. Among the rocks in the 
narrow stream bed are masses of gnarled and twisted willows, cot- 
tonwoods, oaks and Trask’s Mountain Mahogany (Cercocarpus 
Traskiae ). 

SALTA VERDE:—A stretch of the southern-central portion of 
the island about five miles long by two miles broad. It extends from 
Mt. Viscanio westward and lies between Bull Rush Canyon and the 
Pacific. This area slopes abruptly toward the Pacific and is traversed 
by many steep and difficult canyons and gullies. The ridges and 
gullies are clothed with salt-grass, sage-brush, cactus, stunted oak and 
Neostyphoma integrifola. 

LAVA BEDS :—In several parts of the Pacific Slope of the Salta 
Verde are found barren lava beds and soils of volcanic ash. From 
one of these, about a quarter of an acre in extent, water oozes in rivu- 
lets forming a verdureless bog impossible to traverse. Though the 
water is clear and inviting it will be found bitter and repulsive. 


COACH ROAD :—Continuing from Marilla Ave., Avalon, past 
the Catholic Church and ascending above Sugar Loaf around the 
point to the east slopes of Descanso Canyon. The road mounts at a 
TO per cent grade to The Summit, three miles up. The first stretch, as 
far as the ridge between Descanso and Avalon Valley, affords little of 
interest except the wide and attractive view, but beyond this the spring 
flora is well displayed. In February the Descanso slope is beautified 
by the sheep-like clumps of purple lupine and father up, in early 
March, the “lilac” clothes the mountain sides in a diaphanous heliotrope 
mantle. The best collecting ground is at the second loop, the Wish- 
bone, where a spring provides permanent moisture. Beyond this the 
heights become dry and the ultimate crest nearly arid. The Summit 
commands a panoramic view of the westerly stretch of the island range 
(see Plate IL) including Orizaba (2,109 ft.) and Black Jack (2,000 
ft.) ; at the left the upland valley is seen to extend to the horizon line. 
From The Summit the road winds downward, at an easy grade, past 
the heads of many channelward and oceanward canyons, to the upper 
end of Middle Rranch Canyon which it follows to the Ranch. The 
head slopes of Gallagher’s and Banning’s Canyons afford fine collecting 
ground from the last week of March through May, as do also the 
moist gulches that abound along the road. 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 15 


TRAIL TO BLACK JACK :—This attractive trail begins on the 
summit ridge between the heads of Banning’s and Middle Ranch Can- 
yons at the point where the Coach Road turns abruptly to the left to 
descend into Middle Ranch Canyon (see map). At first it follows 
the summit ridge, keeping Banning’s Landing always in sight, to a 
high point facing the channel side, at a large semi-detached rock, 
where it is lost. Here one turns abruptly to the left and picks up the 
trail again at the foot of the hill on the narrow dividing ridge between 
Swain’s Canyon and the watershed of Middle Ranch Canyon. It fol- 
lows this ridge, keeping White’s Landing ever in plain sight except 
where it turns to the left around several steep hills quickly to come 
back in view of White’s Landing until the foot of the terminal dome 
of Black Jack is reached. Here are great quantities of the endemic 
Eriodictyon Traskiae. The dome of Black Jack is perhaps four or 
five hundred feet above this point and is treeless, harboring but 
few small shrubs. The ascent is easy except on the side facing Cot- 
tonwood Canyon. The summit is almost destitute of vegetation, the 
few plants growing there do not materially differ from the same 
species at lower altitudes. 

ECHO LAKE:—On the northeast side of Black Jack, a short 
distance below the trail, at the head of a lateral branch of Swain’s 
Canyon, are two groves of Lyonothamnus; one spread out across the 
head, the other lower down on the east side Several hundred yards 
beyond this point the trail reveals a view of Echo Lake (see 
Plate IV). It is surrounded by high hills on three sides and is sit- 
uated in a cove, behind Long Point, which faces south and has a con- 
stricted opening with a ridge, a few feet in height, across its outlet. 
The little bowl, in which the lake lies, is destitute of trees and shrubs. 
The shore lines are plainly visible from the trail. The lake appeared, 
at the time of sighting it, in mid September, to be devoid of water* 
and hardly worth.a visit. It should be very interesting, to the botanist, 
in spring. 

HAY PRESS CHUTE:—From the Summit the Coach Road 
descends gradually beside a small gulley which carries the excess water 
from rare freshets into Grand Canyon. A half mile beyond the Sum- 
mit the Hay Press Chute is entered. Here the hills come close together 
making a narrow defile with barely room for the deeply cut gulley 
and the road. This is an attractive spot on account of the forest- 
covered west hillside. The defile opens beyond upon a broad upland 


*Dry July 3, 1921—Knopf; full Apr. 10, 1922—Knopf. 


16 Fre~p Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


meadow called the Hay Press. At the lower end of this meadow 
the deep gulley is lined with willows which mark the entrance to 


Grand Canyon. 


THE GAP :—The narrowest defile along the road, situated about 
a mile beyond the Chute at the second bridging of the stream. This 
defile and its stream bed yield a number of species of more than 
ordinary interest. Just beyond the Gap the streamlet sinks out of sight 
early in summer, leaving the creek bed dry all the way to the Middle 
Ranch buildings below which the water again breaks forth. 


CAPE CANYON :—About a quarter of a mile before reaching 
Middle Ranch and with its buildings in sight, the road crosses the 
stream bed at the mouth of this broad, fertile valley which reaches up 
to the foot of Black Jack. The gradient is gentle, as are also the bor- 
dering slopes. A walk up this valley is one of the most delightful on 
the island. Many of the less frequent trees and larger shrubs are to 
be seen here and at a point about a mile from the entrance is the island’s 
largest expanse of Xanthium spinosum. Following the valley 
directly north throughout its length the trail to the Summit and Black 
Jack is encountered at the point where the view of the channel first 
opens. 


MIDDLE RANCH :—An extensive group of buildings and broad, 
gently rolling, cultivated fields through which flows a brook of 
size; clear and rippling it affords a home for considerable masses of 
Watercress and its banks, bordered by willows, a shady place for a 
number of species rare elsewhere. Middle Ranch creek bed is a rich 
collecting field throughout its length. The upper right hand branch 
and the upper end of the main channel contain water through the sum- 
mer. Then follows three or more miles of perfectly dry creek bed 
which is deeply cut through the rich soil of the gently sloping glade 
and through the pasture lands and cultivated fields of the ranch. The 
dry creek bed is even more interesting than the watered parts of the 
canyon. Below the ranch a flowing brook supports a luxuriant growth 
of trees and plants and is a favorite resort of the birds of the interior 
regions. 


EAGLE’S NEST:—A mile or more below Middle Ranch the 
Coach Road passes through a small, well wooded glade known as the 
Eagle’s Nest where is still standing an old road-house much used in 
stage coach days. The interest in this locality lies chiefly in the name 
and the luxuriance of the vegetation of the creek bed. Near the ocean, 
and in full view of it, and of the fine beach at the mouth, the road 


Fiora OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLanD—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 17 


crosses the creek and, ascending the dividing ridge, descends into Cot- 
tonwood Canyon. 


COTTONWOOD CANYON: In the upper reaches of this can- 
yon vegetation is confined to the floor which is broad and interspersed 
with groves and grass covered meadows. The ground descends 'grad- 
ually for a mile or more and is entirely dry. Beyond the meadows, 
however, the canyon suddenly narrows and between this point and 
the Coach Road gathers water sufficient to form a stream which, 
with the possible exception of Middle Ranch Creek, is the finest on 
the island. The lower part of the canyon is an excellent collecting field. 
On the left side of the creek, at its mouth, the Cholla cactus has the 
appearance of having been introduced, it can be traced from the very 
edge of the beach diagonally up the mountain side to the Coach Road. 
The road ascending the ridge on the western side reaches the summit 
near the ocean front on a rolling plateau, once the site of an Indian vil- 
lage. Here the best view obtains of the Little Harbor region. 
Descending the western side the road crosses the creek, dry at this 
point, and ascends the central ridge on which the Road House is 
located. 


LITTLE HARBOR:—Located on the southwest shore of the 
island about eighteen miles from Avalon. At the mouth of Middle 
Ranch Canyon the high ridges which parallel the Pacific from Lookout 
Point abruptly end. The only ridge which runs paraliel with either 
shore, entirely across the Little Harbor region, is one near the 
channel side which extends from Black Jack to a point near the 
Isthmus. A high ridge has its southern end close to the northwest 
side of Little Harbor and extends toward the Isthmus, parallel 
to the Pacific, for some distance. Thus the Little Harbor region 
forms, as it were, a gateway to the center of the island. and 
exposes to view, from the Pacific, a greater area than can be seen 
at any other point. Two large Indian villages were located here 
on the sites of which excavations have brought to light many 
interesting remains. There are three main ridges, with canyons 
between, extending fan-like from the harbor. The lower ends 
of these ridges are smooth and barren and slope toward the ocean to 
a precipitous water front. One central ridge extends down to the 
middle of the small bay and ends in a bold but not high rocky prom- 
ontory, on the top of which stands the old Road House. As one views 
the country from the rear of this old building one is impressed by 
the barren appearance of the region, the marked dearth of trees up 


18 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vot. V. 


to the top of the channel ridge. The southeast side of the ridge is 
somewhat steep, but the northwest side, toward The Isthmus is a 
gentle grassy slope to the creek bed. Extending from the foot of 
the ridge is a broad meadow which passes on over the ridge and part 
way up the slope of Little Spring Canyon. Through this meadow 
are two stream beds, one on the south side and the other on the 
western, both, except in the close vicinity of the beach, dry in summer. 
Here there appears to be a quantity of underground water which forms 
a bog in each creek bed. That on the western side is the largest and 
most interesting to the botanist. The meadow between is rather sterile 
only producing such plants as sedges and those that find their habitat 
in undrained soil. This meadow would prove a good collecting ground 
in Spring especially for short-lived annuals. Farther away from the 
Pacific, up through the Little Spring Canyon, vegetation becomes more 
varied and rich and before reaching the channel ridge there are numer- 
ous groves of small trees, all far removed from the Pacific 
in well protected valleys facing the channel side. 


ISTHMUS :—A broad valley extending between Isthmus Harbor 
and Catalina Harbor and cutting off the west end mountains from 
those of the main body of the island. It extends north and south, is 
nearly level, and only about a quarter of a mile from harbor to harbor. 
It contains a number of buildings and Banning House, the latter located 
on a knoll rising at the base of the foothills on the east. The particular 
points of interest to the botanist are: 


ISTHMUS HARBOR :—Whose shores abound with species that 
are rare elsewhere, Mesembryanthemum and a number of crucifers. 
About half a mile to the east lies 


FISHERMAN’S COVE:—The former location of Mrs. Trask’s 
summer home. On the slopes of the surrounding hills many of her 
most interesting finds may be regathered; such as Trifolium mucroce- 
phalum, Tithymalus helioscopia, Gilia dianthiflora, etc. 


BIRD ROCK :—(Plate III, f. 2.) About a half mile off Fisher- 
man’s Cove. It appears above the channel waters as an oval, rounded, 
cemented rock about 300 by 500 feet in extent and 20 feet high. The 
rock is white with guano and bare except for a limited patch of vege- 
tation on the southeast side. The vegetation consists mostly of Opuntia 
among which grows about forty individuals of Cosmos gigantea, six 
shrubs of Lavatera, and a few plants of Malva rotundifolia. This 
rock is doubtless the original Catalina station for Lavatera and the only 


7] 


FLora OF SANTA CaTALina IsLanp—Mrtispaucu & NUTTALL 19 


place where it grows naturally. Ship Rock (often called Bird Rock), 
lies about a mile out to the northwest from Bird Rock. It is 66 feet 
high and devoid of vegetation. The oldest fisherman of these waters 
claims that there never were, to his knowledge, any plants on it. Lyon 
claims it to be the station for Lavatera. 


IRONWOOD GULLY :—An open wash in the east hillside just 
beyond Banning House. The climb to the clump of Lyonothamnus 
trees, about three-quarters the distance to the top, is interesting 
as the slope is rich and yields many notable species, especially Allium, 
Calochortus and Antirrhinum. 


CATALINA HARBOR :—The shores of this long and sheltered 
bay form one of the notable collecting places of the island. The head 
of the bay extends into a small mud-flat salina where Suaeda, Atriplex 
and other salt-loving species abound, while the banks yield both species 
of Mesembryanthemum in profusion. Toward the harbor mouth, put- 
ting out from the east shore, is a striking pebble spit known as: 


BALLAST POINT :—Enclosing one of the two limited tide bogs 
of the island. In this Coinogyne, Heliotropium and Pholiurus are 
found, while the higher, pebbly bank, yields Cressa, three Lepidiwms 
and other plants of peculiar interest. 


Beyond the Isthmus the road extends along the coast as far as 
Johnson’s Landing. It is mostly level, or has but slight grades, and 
is one of the most picturesque and delightful walks at this end of the 
island. The first point of interest along the road is 

FOURTH O’ JULY :—A small, nearly rectangular, oblong bay, 
setting about 300 feet into the land. It is delightfully pellucid and has 
a sloping gravelly beach and an interesting but narrow level bottom. 
The left hillside is almost entirely clothed with Adenostoma. 

CHERRY VALLEY :—A beautifully wooded valley running 
straight up, through a luxuriant cherry grove, into the hills. The 
mouth is a fine and rich bottom ending at a narrow, pebbly beach. 
This encloses a small salina which is the habitat of many interesting 
species. The pebble beach is richly clothed with Pterostegia drymari- 
oldes. 

HOWLAND’S :—A broad and shallow valley ending at a long, 
curved, level beach divided by a peculiar group of projecting rocks. 
The level back of the beach has a number of buildings and a pumping 
station for the water supply of the Isthmus. On this level may be 
found a number of adventive species. 


20 ~=3FyeLp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vou. V. 


The road from here to Johnson’s Landing has rich banks yielding 
Cardamine californica and Dendromecon. 

JOHNSON’S LANDING:—A broad beach back of which ex- 
tends a broader valley shallow and open, the site of an ancient Indian 
village. A large Eucalyptus tree stands in the center of the level and 
at the east side, near the shore is an extensive glade of Foeniculum 
resembling a cane-break and a group of very large fig trees. Just 
over the low ridge at the west of the valley are the 

SOAPSTONE QUARRY and PARSON’S LANDING. The 
ascent from Johnson’s valley to Soapstone Quarry is very easy, passing 
over a slope destitute of trees or shrubs. This should prove good col- 
lecting ground when Spring follows a winter of frequent rains. The 
quarries are very irregular, containing numerous pockets, in which 
is more or less moisture, where Typha angustifolia and Cyperus 
may be found. On account of the upturned soil and disintegrated 
rock, combined with moisture, this spot should also be good collecting 
in early spring. 

Between the quarries and the far side of the broad valley there 
are grassy slopes interspersed with groves of trees. Immediately 
against the western ridge there is a narrow gorge in which water 
- is to be found throughout the summer. This is one of the drinking 
places of wild goats, more being encountered here than in any other 
part of the island. This stream bed opens through a narrow gorge to 
Parson’s Landing, a narrow, rough, wild beach marking the western 
limit of our collecting field. 


PEBBLE BEACH ROAD :—This road begins at the east end of 
Crescent Ave., Avalon, and skirts the shore for about a mile to Pebble 
Beach. It is bordered on the right, almost its entire length, by a series 
of break-offs of the steep mountain side. At its beginning there is a 
beautiful and characteristic clump of Lavatera shrubs (transplanted), 
while the talus of the cliff supports several species of Lupinus and 
Astragalus. Near the incline railway several patches of Cosmos 
gigantea are to be seen well up the broken cliff. The whole extent 
of the cliff side of the road is interesting collecting ground for 
species of dry situations. As the road reaches Pebble Beach it con- 
tinues to skirt the foothills to the right, enters Pebble Beach Canyon 
wash, and terminates in a climb to the garbage dump half way up 
Lookout Point. 

PEBBLE BEACH: (Plate III, f. 1)—An extensive and interest- 
ing curving beach with a broad strand backed by a ridge of peculiar, 


FiLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 21 


large, rounded, smooth pebbles. This ridge supports, at its eastern 
end, an important flora and encloses throughout its length a level, nearly 
dry salina comprising the entire flat land back to the foothills. Here, 
among other interesting species, are to be found the early crucifers ; 
the endemic Plantago Parishii; Sphaerostigma bistortum and on its 
marginal banks all the Phacelias of the island flora. 


PEBBLE BEACH CANYON :—Extends south from the eastern 
end of the beach and is the most fertile and luxuriant narrow valley 
on the island. The floor of the canyon is well wooded up to the first 
left fork and is a favorite walk as well as camping and picnicking 
place. The tree growth is principally Elder, Oak and Catalina Cherry. 
Here and there lies a sunny bank bright with Delphinium and other 
attractive flowers. It is densly carpeted with grass, even under the 
trees, with many a deeply shaded copse bordered by wild rose and 
snowberry bushes. The creek bed through this lower stretch is dry, 
exceedingly rocky, and has high, perpendicular banks. 

The mouth of the first left hand fork opens as one of the most 
delightful sylvan glades of the island backed by a fine grove of Quercus 
tomentella. Beyond this grove the valley is well wooded and grass- 
covered wherever the sun can penetrate. Where the shade is dense 
many ferns may be found and midway up its canyon is one of the few 
stations of Adiantum capillus-veneris. Beyond the wooded part, in its 
upper reaches, it forks to the left and emerges into a dense cactus field. 
Its main lead, however, runs up to beautifully rounded grassy slopes 
lying on the eastern side of Mt. Shatto. Here the grass of the main 
lead terminates in a fine mass of Ribes viburnifolia—‘Catalina per- 
fume.” This lead is dry throughout the summer. 


The main lead of Pebble Beach Canyon, beyond the left fork just 
described, changes in character very rapidly; water is encountered 
immediately forming in a succession of pools in which most of the 
water-loving grasses and herbs of the island may be found. 
There are sloping and perpendicular rock masses, over which the 
streamlet constantly trickles, where mosses and ferns luxuriate. In 
attempting to ascend this lead past the nesting place of the ravens, 
in the Cottonwood grove a quarter of a mile above the junction, prog- 
ress is noisily contested by the birds; they apparently make every 
effort to discourage further intimacy. Above this point it is impossible 
to follow the creek bed on account of tangled vines, briars and shrubs. 
Clambering around this and re-entering the creek bed one of the most 
entrancing nooks of the island is soon reached. The canyon is blocked 


22 FreLp Museum or NaturaL History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


at this point by a perpendicular cliff twenty-five feet high, and fifteen 
wide, its face and sides completely clothed with ferns and mosses 
kept bright and green by the continually dripping water which forms 
a little transparent pool at its base. This densely shaded spot is well 
worth a visit. The top of the cliff may be gained by climbing the 
bank on the left with the aid of exposed roots and projecting rocks. 
Here again conditions abruptly change: the country is open to the sky ; 
less densely wooded; grassy ; and slopes begin to appear which ascend 
gradually to the summit of the divide. The creek bed is perfectly dry 
and cut deep through rich, fine soil, with wall-like banks so steep that 
search must be made to find a place that can be scaled. A final short 
climb up the side of a barren ridge and the top of the Pacific Ridge 
is gained. Turning to the right, on the ridge trail, and passing over 
the top of Mt. Wilson, a fine view is gained of the deep gorge of 
Nolava Canyon. Passing the upper reaches of the right hand branch 
of Big Wash Canyon, and the left hand branch of Avalon Canyon the 
Equestrian Trail is reached, leading down to Avalon. 


LOOKOUT POINT :—A high promontory closing the eastern 
extremity of Pebble Beach. It is abrupt to the sea and cannot be 
passed along the shore. The road ascends nearly to the summit to a 
leveled point where garbage from the city is dumped over the cliff 
to be attended to by the ravens. The shore may be gained by descend- 
ing this malodorous dump though the passage is not recommended 
being dangerous, and, from a botanical standpoint, hardly worth the 
risk. 

JEWFISH POINT :—Near the southeast extremity of the island, 
may be reached through difficult and uncomfortable scrambling about 
among the rock debris along the shore. From the base of the garbage 
dump to the point the vegetation is sparse and clumpy. Nicotiana 
glauca, Rhus laurina, Madia exigua, Zauschneria, Perezia microcephala, 
Rhus integrifolia, Castilleia foliolosa, Ramona stachyoides, Eriogonum 
giganteum and nudum and a few shrubs of Heteromeles comprise, in 
the main, the plants noted here. Immediately north of the Point there 
is a rocky watercourse a short distance up which the banks give foot- 
ing for Ribes viburnifolium. 

The following stations, lying west of Descanso Canyon, are de- 
scribed as they appear from the sea, that being the readiest method of 
approach. 


DESCANSO CANYON :—The first canyon west of Avalon, with 
the Hotel St. Catherine occupying the full extent of its mouth. The 


Fora oF SANTA CatTaLina IsLaND—MiItispauGH & NuTTALL 23 


slopes on the left are very steep, richly grassy and harbor considerable 
moisture. Here is an excellent collecting ground for plants flowering 
in February and March as well as such adventive established species as 
Bolboxalis cernua, Linaria, Konigia maritima and Reseda odorata. The 
right hand slopes are dry and cactus strewn; they lead up to a narrow 
ridge separating Descanso from Hamilton Canyon. Beyond the hotel 
buildings the canyon soon narrows and affords an easy ascent to the 
Coach Road at a point midway between its two loops. 


HAMILTON CANYON :—Just over the ridge west of the hotel. 
Like Descanso the left hand slopes are grassy and richly vegetated ;_ 
they afford the earliest blooming place for Dodecatheon and Esch- 
scholtzia. The broad level at the mouth is fertile and proves a profit- 
able nearby field for collecting. Some of the finest Solanum Wallacei 
bushes of the island may be seen here and the earliest flowering plants 
of Cirsium occidentale. The canyon is interesting throughout its ascent 
to the Coach Road which it meets just beyond and to the right of the 
Wishbone. 


CHERRY CANYON :—A small, narrow canyon, with about 200 
feet of pebble beach at its mouth. Viewed from the sea a sharp pointed 
rock, 25 feet high, lies at the right and a cluster of white rocks stands 
out plainly above the vegetation a short distance up the canyon. At 
first the canyon bed is choked with tangled bushes, later with rock, 
then it opens up into an easy climb throughout its short extent. 


RATTLESNAKE CANYON :—The next canyon to the west 
from Cherry Canyon. It breaks off abruptly at the beach with rock 
at each side of its narrow mouth. This canyon is not at all difficult 
of exploration. It proves one of the most favorable localities for Cat- 
alina perfume and Catalina cherry. 


GALLAGHER’S CANYON :—From the sea this canyon presents 
an ample gravel beach cut at its western quarter by a projecting mass 
of isolated rock and at the eastern by a grotesque pile of lava. The 
canyon has a fairly broad wash-level marked by a small house at the 
base of the east slope and a dense clump of good size Sambucus in 
which the climbing form of Toxicodendron may be seen. A short dis- 
tance beyond the beach the canyon divides into east and west branches 
with a narrow, abrupt mountain ridge between. 

This is the first canyon heading on the right at the Coach Road 
after passing the Summit. The descent from there into either branch 
is exceedingly steep. On the descent into the left hand branch from 
the ridge between the two branches, perhaps 200 ft. above the creek 


24 Fietp Museum or Naturau History—Botany, Vov. V. 


bed and standing on a steep lateral hollow facing eastward, is a grove 
of the healthiest and largest Lyonothamnus trees to be seen on the 
island. 

The bed of the creek in this canyon is easy to work and will 
prove an interesting collecting region throughout the year. In a 
few places there is moisture though no flowing water. Some 
distance above the mouth of the main canyon the central ridge termi- 
nates in a broad glade extending to the beach. The main right hand 
branch of the canyon, lying close to the central ridge, is more heavily 
wooded and, in its upper reaches, is harder to climb because 
of the thick under brush consisting in places of Ribes viburnifolium 
and Lonicera. There are damp stretches midway up the mountain. 
On the brow of a very steep lateral ridge, facing north, 200 feet 
above the creek bed on the left side, there is a grove of Lyono- 
thamnus trees at a much lower altitude than those of the left 
branch. This grove is in poor condition—apparently dying out. Be- 
low this point, on the banks of the creek, is the largest and finest grove 
of Quercus tomentella and the most striking forest scene on Cat- 
alina. In the wet season this proves one of the most productive fields 
for collecting fungi, especially those species which grow on damp, 
shady ground. 

BANNING’S CANYON :—Is next west of Gallagher’s and some- 
what similar to it in that it has two main branches, separated by a 
high dividing ridge. There is a broad, flat, rich glade of about 30 
acres leading in from the beach upon which grows a jungle of Nico- 
tiana glauca. In this are also a number of fine Heteromeles trees. 

The left hand canyon is less interesting. The right branch 
is larger and has several further right hand branches extending up to _ 
and on each side of the summit of Mt. Banning. There is water in 
the main right hand branch which is easy of ascent for a half mile but 
grows steep and difficult farther on. On the precipitous brow of a 
lateral ridge, one half or three-quarters of a mile from the beach and 
200 feet above the creek bed, there is an interesting grove of Lyono- 
thamnus trees. From this grove another and finer one is to be seen 
in one of the lateral canyons high up and to the left of Mt. Banning. 
This main right hand branch is excellent collecting ground in the spring. 


WHITE’S LANDING and SWAIN’S CANYON :—The mouth 
of the canyon forms one of the finest beaches on the island. The 
wash here is broad and valley-like extending inland an unusual dis- 
tance. It may be said that there is no main canyon as it resembles a 
meadow with canyons radiating from it around an arc of nearly 180°. 


FLora oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL § 25 


On this great wash deposit grow many interesting shrubs especially the 
uncommon Malvastrum fasciculatum, and Solanum Wallacei 12 feet 
high. The first canyon to the left parallels the shore, running up toward 
Mt. Banning; the second to the left and the left branch of the third 
also run up to the Mt. Banning watershed, the main bed of Swain’s 
Canyon is easily reached by way of the ridge between these. From 
the right fork of the third left hand canyon to Black Jack there are 
several short and steep canyons generally ending in perpendicular 
cliffs which sharply define the watershed between Swain’s and Middle 
Ranch Canyons. Beyond Black Jack, and between it and the moun- 
tains which constitute Long Point, the heights break away and the 
canyons on this side slope gradually until lost in the watershed between 
Swain’s and Cottonwood Canyons. 

The longest right hand canyon, beyond the landing, parallels the 
shore in a northwestern direction extending up behind Long Point 
and draining the southern slopes of its mountains. It also constitutes 
the outlet of Echo Lake which nestles in a little cove against these 
mountains with its opening toward the south. 

There are small groves of trees scattered over this wide area in- 
cluding most of the common species, as well as several groups of Lyono- 
thamnus. The upper reaches of the canyons are open and treeless 
except under the northern shoulder of Black Jack. The stream beds 
of the left hand branches are deep and well shaded but, at the time of 
our visit in July, were dry exhibiting no blooming plants of interest. 

The varied degrees of light and shade in these canyons should 
produce a great variety of early spring flowers. The floor of the main 
valley and the lower end of several of its lateral branches are filled 
with deep, rich soil supporting a heavy growth of grasses and shrubs. 
The absence of large trees is doubtless due to the fact that this was 
the site of an ancient Indian village. 


COLLECTORS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 


The most important collections (numerically) made on the island 
are those of Lyon, Trask, Hasse, the Brandegees, Reed and Pendelton, 
Grant and Wilson, Smith, Knopf and the authors. Of these and others 
the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History contains the 
largest aggregation—over 3,500 sheets. 

So far as we have been able to amass the data, the following list 
of collectors embraces the principal field-work done on the island: 


BABCOCK, E(rnest) B(rown). 

Spent about a month collecting in the vicinity of Avalon in the 
spring of 1901. The specimens were deposited in the herbarium of 
the Univ. Calif. 


BAKER, C(harles) F(uller). 

Spent a few hours (accompanied by his wife), in 1902, and 
March 14, 1904, collecting (mostly lichens and fungi) in the small 
wash back of the Catholic Church, Avalon. The lichens are in herb. 
Hasse, Harvard Univ. The fungi in herb. Ellis, New York Bot. 
Gard. 

[1] “Notes on the Fauna and Flora of Catalina Island”—So. Cal. 

Acad. Sci. 4:56-59 (1905). 


BAKER, M(arcus). 
See Dall & Baker. 


BARNHART, J(ohn) H(endley). 

Collected in the vicinity of Avalon, Aug. 4, 1901. The few 
specimens (about 12) we have been allowed to examine in his 
private herbarium. 


BARTHOLOMEW, Elam. 

Accompanied by his wife he collected 6 species of fungi in the 
neighborhood of Avalon on July 19, 1915 (5885-5890). The spec- 
imens are in his private herb. with duplicates distributed in his 
exsiccati: “Fungi Columbiani” and “North American Uredinales”. 
A complete series in herb, Field. 

[1] “Puccinia Agropyri E. & E”. Jour. Mycol. 7:131. 


BECKWITH, Florence. 

Of the University of Rochester, N. Y., spent a few hours (on 
June 5, 1915) “along the beach near Avalon.” She secured about 
a dozen species. The principal set is in herb. Rochester Academy 
of Sciences, with a duplicate series in herb. Field. 


BETHEL, E(llsworth). 
Collected—for one day only—in 1912, 1913, 1914 and 1915. His 


26 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 27 


plants, mostly fungi, are in the herbarium of the Colorado State 
Museum, Denver, Colo. 


BISHOP, Dr. 
Note of Mrs. Trask: “He collected Marrubium vulgare in the 
vicinity of Avalon, 1896.” See Erythea 7 :142. 


BOUGHTON, Fred S. 

Of Pittsford, N. Y., during a collecting tour in “the west,” 
secured a few specimens on Catalina, but as he labeled his sheets 
simply: “Flora of the Western United States,” the localities col- 
lected are doubtful. He remembers 9 species as of Catalina, dup- 
licates of which are in herb. Field. His original series is in herb. 
Rochester Academy of Sciences. 


BLAKE, S(idney) F(ay). 
Of the U. S. Nat’l Herb. collected his numbers 906-970 in the 
vicinity of Avalon, Sept. 11, 1910. The plants are in his private herb. 


BRANDEGEE, Katherine) (Kate Curran). 
See Brandegee, T. S. & Wife. 


BRANDEGEE, T(ownshend) S(tith) & Wife. 

Made quite an extensive collection in 1884, 1889, 1890, 1899, 
and May 17 to 25, 1916; they have no record of the full number 
of plants collected. The prime series of their earlier collections was 
destroyed in the Cal. Acad. Sci. fire; partial sets of duplicates are 
in herb. Field; herb. Gray; and herb. Univ. Calif. where their com- 
plete herbarium is now deposited. 

[1] “The Plants of Santa Catalina Island.” Zoe 1:107-115 (1890). 
[2] “Flora of the California Islands.” Zoe 1:129-148 (1890). 


CARLSON, J(ohn) I(ngomar). 

Collected a few plants on each of three visits to the island, in 
pursuit of herpetological investigations, on the 25-28 April, 1914; 
13 June, 1915; and 10 May, 1918. The specimens are in the herb. 
-Calif. Acad. Sci. 


CHAMBERLAIN, L(eander) T(rowbridge). 
We have been unable to secure data as to his collection. 


CHASE, (Mrs.) (Mary) Agnes. 

Spent a short part of one day on the island on April 14, 1910. 
She collected but four numbers (5560-5563) in the vicinity of 
Avalon. They are in U. S. Nat’l Herb. Div. Agrost. 


DALL, W(illiam) H(ealey) & Baker, M(arcus). 

Made a general natural history collection in the vicinity of Cata- 
lina Harbor. in Jan., 1874, in connection with the U. S. Coast Sur- 
vey under Prof. B. Peirce, Supt. The material collected (including 
a few plants) is in the U. S. National Herbarium. 


28 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vov. V. 


DAVIDSON, (Dr.) A(nstruther). 

Made several short trips to Catalina and one of two weeks’ 
duration, 1892 and 1895, the last of August and early September, 
1893. On these trips he collected all species that appeared inter- 
esting in the light of his extended knowledge of Los Angeles County 
plants. His collections are in his private herb. at Los Angeles. A- 
few duplicates are in the herb. of E. L. Greene, Notre Dame Univ.; 
and in the U. S. Nat’l Herb. 

[1] “New Records for Catalina Island,” Erythea 2:30 (1894). 
[2] “Catalogue of the Plants of Los Angeles County” So. Calif. 

Acad. Sci. 1:1 (1896). 

[3] “New Plant Records for Los Angeles County” /bid. 2:70 (1903). 


EASTWOOD, Alice. 

Spent six days on the island, July 20-25, 1917, mostly in the 
vicinity of Avalon; about the head of Gallagher’s Canyon, and at 
the Isthmus. She collected 92 numbers (6442-6533) now in the 
herb. Cal. Acad. Sci., with a fair representation in herb. Gray and 
herb. Field. 

[1] “Notes on the Plants of St. Nicholas Island” Proc. Cal. Acad. 

Sci. 3:89-120 (1898), including Catalina Island references. 


EISEN, (Dr.) (August) G(ustav). 
Collected on Catalina in 1874. The extent of his collecting is 
_ unknown to us. 


EVERMAN, B(arton) W(arren). 
Collected a few plants while engaged in zoologic investigations, 
in March, 1918. The specimens are in herb. Cal. Acad. Sci. 


FISHER, Geo(rge) L(ewis). 

Collected a few specimens on the ridge above the School Higa 
Avalon, June 16, 1920. The specimens exist in two complete series 
in herb. Field and U. S. Nat’l Herbarium. 


FRITCHEY, J(ohn) Q(uincy) A(dams). 
Collected a few plants on Mar. 30, 1889. His specimens 
are in herb. Mo. Bot. Gard. 


GAMBEL, (Dr.) W (illiam). 

The pioneer botanical collector of the island, Feb., 1847. While 
his plants are supposed to be deposited in the herb. Phila. Acad. 
Sci., yet the best labelled and fullest series (like those of Thos. 
Nuttall, who named them) is in herb. Durand, British Museum, 
London. 

{t] “Plants Collected by William Gambel, M.D., in the Rocky 
Mountains and Upper* California.” Thos. Nuttall in Jour. 
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila,, ns. 1:149 (1848). 

[2] “Description of Plants Collected by Mr. William Gambel in 


*In contradistinction to Lower California (Mexico). 


Fora oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 29 


the Rocky Mountains and Upper* California.” Thos. Nuttall 
in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 4:7-26 (1850) .** 


GRANT, G(eorge) B(ernard). 

Collected alone (1900, 1901, 1903) and with Walter Wheeler, 
April 21-26, 1904. The extent of the collection is not known to us. 
His prime series is in the herb. Stanford Univ., together with his 
complete private herbarium. Dupl. series are in herb. Calif. Acad. 
Sci., N. Y., Bot. Gard. and herb. Field. 


HALL, H(arvey) M(onroe). 

Collected, with Mrs. Trask as guide, in June, 1908, from White’s 
Landing up Swain’s Canyon to the Coach Road, and in the vicinity 
of Avalon. He secured 20 specimens (8270-8289). These plants 
are in herb. U. of Calif. 


HASSE, (Dr.) H(ermann) E(dward). 

This well-known California Lichenologist made many visits to 
Catalina (from 1888-1915), primarily in search of his favorite plants. 
During these he also collected such flowering plants as appeared of 
special interest to him. His most extended visits (a few days) 
were in July, 1888, and May, 1911. His collections are in herb. 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. and the Crypt. Herb., Cambridge, Mass. 

His publications in which Catalina plants are represented are: 


Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2:23-26 Erythea 4 :90-98 
Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2:32-35 Erythea 3 741-44 
Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2:58-60 Erythea 4:150-1 
Bull, So.\Cal. Acad.’ Sci,’ 2371-73 | Contrib..’U.) 5. Natl. 
Hb. 17 :1-132 
Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2:52-54 Bryologist /- 1§:45-48 
Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 5:38-45 Bryologist 13:61 
Bull. Torrey Club 24:445-9 Bryologist 14 :100-2 
Bryologist 11 :6-7 


HELLER, A(mos) A(rthur). 
Collected a few numbers on Catalina on two short visits, one in 
June, 1908. He is unable to give us the actual data of his work. 


HOWLAND, Mrs. 

Catalina specimens of Phacelia hispida Navarretia hamata, 
Elisia chrysanthemifolia and one of Emmenanthe pend. are credited 
to her by Brand. We have found no other data concerning her col- 
lecting. 


JEPSON, W<(illis) L(inn). 

Collected on Catalina July 11-13, 1908, under the guidance of 
Mrs. Trask. His principal interest was an intimate study of Lyono- 
thamnus and the various species of Quercus. He collected inciden- 
Weis contradistinction to Lower California (Mexico). 


_ _.**This article is a contraction of the previous article in the Journal as 
indicated above. 


30 ~=3=©Fretp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vo. V. 


tally 27 plants (3040-3066) which are now in the herb. Univ. of 
Calf., together with his Field Notes (Vol. 19:3-35) a copy of which 
he has kindly contributed to the herb. Field. His note book is 
particularly interesting and valuable in its record of conversations 
with Mrs. Trask, many of whose observations and remarks on 
Catalina plants he carefully preserved. 

|1] “Trees of California.” (1909.) 

[2] “Flora of Western Middle California.” (1901.) 

[3] “A Flora of California.” (1909-1922. ) 


KENNEDY, P(atrick) B(everidge). 

Collected in the vicinity of Avalon and at Moonstone Beach, 
April 21, 1907, especially in search of Trifolium. His specimens 
are in herb. U. S. Nat’l Museum. 

{1] “Studies in Trifolium.” Muhlenbergia 9:29 (1913). 


KINGMAN, C(hester) C(ole). 

Collected for three weeks on Catalina in Aug., 1910. His spec- 
imens (principally mosses and Hepatics) are at present at his old 
home in Reading, Mass. A few duplicates are in U. S. Nat’l Herb. 
[1} “Notes on Hepaticae of Southern California.” Bryologist 

14 :33-34 (1911). 
[2] “A list of Mosses collected in Southern California.” Bryologist 


15 :93-95 (1912). 


KNOPF, Ezra C(harles). 

Began collecting on the island in March, 1921, and continued 
the work at such intervals from his business, in Avalon, as time 
permitted, until July 30, 1922: He visited all localities of rare finds, 
even to the western extremity of the island. His specimens are 
deposited in herb. Field Museum (Nos. 1-500). 


[LEMMON, J. G. 

While specimens of “Catalina” plants have been credited, in 
publications, to this indefatigable California collector, the only ones 
that we have seen and been able to trace are labeled “Santa Cata- 
lina Mts.’”—an Arizona station. | 


LYON, W (illiam) S(crugham). 

Collected on Catalina in June, 1884, with Nevin (the plants 
of this series of Nevin and Lyon bear no collecting numbers), and 
July to October, 1885 (this series in herb. Gray bear numbers 1 
to 88-++, with many species lacking numbers. There is no record 
of whether the enumeration is Lyon’s or Dr. Watson’s—probably 
Lyon’s). He lists 151 species in the Botanical Gazette (see below). 
His prime set of plants is in the Gray Herbarium, Harvard. 

[1] “Flora of Our Southwestern Archipelago.” Bot. Gaz. 11:197- 

205; ibid. 330-336, plant list 303-4 (1886). 


MACBRIDE, J, Francis & PAYSON, E(dwin) B(lake). 
Spent July 18-19, 1915, collecting on the island. Their stations 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MuitispaucH & NUTTALL 31 


were: Hills West of Avalon (835-6); Hills and Beach East of 
Avalon (837-61); and the Isthmus (862-72). The prime set is in 


Gray Herbarium, Harvard, the secre in the Rocky Mountains 
Herb., Laramie, Wyo. 


McCLATCHIE, A(lfred) J(ames). 

Spent ten days on the island in September, 1893. The full 
extent of his collection is not known to us. The prime set is in the 
herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden where McClatchie’s complete herbarium is 
now deposited. 

[1] “Additions to the Flora of Los Angeles County and Catalina 

Island.” 

I. Erythea 2:76-80. 

II. Erythea 2:122-125. 
[2] “Flora of Pasadena and Vicinity.” Reed’s Hist. of Pasadena 


(1895). 
[3] “Seedless plants of Southern California.” So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
I 337-398 & 341-305 (1897). 


McCLATCHIE, Miss Anna Morrison. 
Collected in 1894. 


McGREGOR, E(rnest) A(lexander). 

Spent some time in early February, 1921, searching for 
Rocella tinctoria for commercial purposes. During his search he col- 
lected 23 species of lichens now deposited in the U. S. Nat’l Herb. 


MERRITT, Alice J(ane) (Mrs. Anstruther Davidson). 

Collected about 50 plants, in the vicinity of Avalon, in April, 
1894. The collection is now in the herb. of Dr. A. Davidson, Los 
Angeles, Calif. 


MILLER, C. FE. (Mrs.) 

Lived at Avalon and was interested in Natural History. The 
extent of her collection is not known to us. A few specimens col- 
lected in 1918 are in the herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. Mr. Brandegee 
thinks that she had no herbarium. 


MILLER, Dr. Gerritt S. Jr. 
Collected in 1921 a specimen of Opuntia (for Dr. Rose) in the 
vicinity of Avalon. Specimen in U. S. Nat’l. Herb. 


MILLSPAUGH, C(harles) F(rederick). 

Spent part of two days (Dec. 4-5, 1919) collecting about Avalon 
and Hamilton Canyon. Returned to the island Jan. 1, 1920, and 
collected there daily until April 3d, during which time he visited 
and revisited (from bases at Avalon and the Isthmus) nearly all the 
stations described in this Flora. His collection (4463-4481 & 4494- 
4913) is in herb Field. 


MOXLEY, George L(oucks). 
Collected on Catalina May 6-7, 1919 (688-728) ; May 1-2, 1 


\O 
to 
© 


32 ~=Frevp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vou. V. 


(731-753), principally in the vicinity of Avalon. His specimens are 
in the herb. Los Angeles County Historical Museum, with dupli- 
cates in herb. Field. 


NEVIN, (Rev.) J(oseph) C. 
Collected with Lyon, 1884. 


NORRIS, R(obert) S(tewart). 

Collected a few ee on Catalina in June, 1893, while 
a student under Prof. L. Greene. His plant collecting was in- 
cidental to other work. aa specimens are in herb. Univ. of Calif. 


NUTTALL, L(awrence) W (illiam). 

Began collecting on Catalina April 27, 1920, and continued until 
October; then intermittently until February 10, 1921. During his 
work he covered all the stations mentioned on the previous pages 
of this Flora, revisiting each several times as the season advanced. 
His specimens (1-1250) are deposited in herb. Field. 


PALMER, Dr. Edward. 

Issued at set of plants labelled “Santa Catalina Island” and dated 
Aug. 16, 1888. The collecting numbers (?250-256?) run with those 
of his San Diego and Guadaloupe Island plants of that year. On 
some sheets a separate number is pasted which doubtless represents 
his Catalina series of about 12 plants, deposited in the U. S. Nat'l 
Herb. 


PARISH, S(amuel) B(onsall). 
Collected in the vicinity of Avalon and at Pebble Beach, March 
31, 1916. He took only sixteen specimens (10,749-10,763) of plants 
that appeared unusual in the light of his large acquaintance with 
the plants of Los Angeles County. His specimens, together ‘with 
his entire private herbarium, are now in herb. Stanford University. 
{1] “A Sketch of the Flora of Southern California.” Bot. Gaz. 
36 :263-5 (1903). 
[2] “Southern Extension of Polypodium Scouleri.” Fern Bul. 9:40. 


PAYSON, E(dwin) B(lake). 
(See Macbride & Payson.) 


PENDLETON, Rob(er)t L(arrimore). 

Collected 87 plants (1350-1436) in the vicinity of Avalon, Peb- 
ble Beach, Moonstone Beach, and the Isthmus, July I-10, 1909. He 
was accompanied by Fred M. "Reed. Pendleton’s series of specimens 
is in the herbarium of the University of California where some 
labels on the sheets are headed “Pendleton & Reed;” these, how- 
ever, bear Pendleton’s numbers, not Reed’s. Duplicates of about 
one-half his plants are in herb. Field. 


POLLAY, Harry. 
Lived at Avalon. He collected a number of plants in 1889- 
1891. A few of his plants are in the U. S. Nat’l Herbarium. 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 33 


REED, Fred(erick) M(orris). 

Collected, in company with Pendleton and at the same stations, 
about 100 plants, July 2-7, 1909 (? 2748-2859 ?). Each collector 
maintained his own series of numbers. Reed’s plants are in the 
herb. Univ. of California. A few duplicates in herb. Field. 


RIXFORD, G(ulian) P(ickering). 

Collected in the vicinity of Avalon, May, 1914. The extent of 
his collecting is unknown to us. His plants are in the herb. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. 


RUSBY, H(enry H(urd). 
Collected a few plants, incidentally, in the vicinity of Avalon, 
Aug. 17, 1915. His specimens are in herb. N. Y. Botanical Garden. 


SANFORD, O. S. 
A conchologist of San Diego, Calif., collected a few plants on 
Catalina from 1880-1885. 


SARGENT, Charles) S(prague). 

Spent about three days on Catalina in September, 1894, ob- 
serving and collecting woody plants. The extent of his collection 
is not known to us or remembered by him. The specimens are in 
the herb. Arnold Arboretum, Boston. : 


SCHUMACHER, P(aul). 
Collected on Catalina, June, 1878. His specimens are supposed 
to be in herb. Gray, though we have failed to find any there. 


SMILEY, Frank J (ason). 

Collected during “four or five days” in June, 1919. His sta- 
tions were Rock Falls Canyon; Pebble Beach; along the Coach 
Road and from Summit down Gallagher’s Canyon to the beach. 
His collections are in his private herbarium. 


SMITH, Huron H(erbert). 

Spent about 5 weeks on the island from May 26 to July 4, 1912. 
Most of his time was expended in photographing and collecting 
dendrological material. He also collected 142 numbers for her- 
barium purposes as follows: Vicinity of Avalon (4972-5007) ; 
Avalon Valley (5068-5076) ; valley-end trails up to 1200 feet al- 
titude (5008-5032) ; Pebble Beach Road (5033-5067) ; Pebble Beach 
Canyon (5080-5098); Rock Spring Canyon (5099-5106), (5163- 
5166); Summit (5077-5079, 5167-5168); Hay Press and Middle 
Ranch Canyon (5110-5121); Silver Canyon (5107-5109); White’s 
Beach Valley (5169-5173); Swain’s Canyon (5174). His speci- 
mens are deposited in herb. Field where also may be seen his excel- 
lent photographs and dendrologic material. 


TOUMEY, J(ames) W(illiam). 
Collected three days with Prof. Sargent in Sept., 1894. His few 


34 Firerp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vot. V. 


specimens, principally woody plants, are now in U. S. Nat'l Herb. 
and herb. Univ. of Arizona. 


TRASK, (Mrs.) (Luella) Blanche. 

Mrs. Trask lived on the island from 1895-1907, spending the 
winter months at Avalon and the summer at Fisherman’s Cove, 
near the Isthmus. She was an indefatigable pedestrian and thought 
little of walking over the ridge trail from Avalon to the Isthmus 
and back in a day, or even making the trip one way in the night. 
During her residence she not only “became acquainted with each 
individual tree on the island and knew of every spring and canyon 
far more intimately than the shepherds or any Native,” but col- 
lected and distributed both botanical and ethnological specimens 
in great quantity. She died in San Francisco, Nov. 11, 1916. Her 
prime plant collection was destroyed (except the types) in the 
disastrous fire that visited the California Academy of Sciences 
and her private herbarium in the great fire at Avalon, Nov. 
29, 1915. Fortunately her duplicates, in part at least, are to be 
found in other herbaria. In the herbarium of the New York Bot- 
anical Garden her plants are mostly those of 1900-1, though the 
dates range from 1895-1916; in the U. S. National Herbarium there 
are about 500 sheets (principally San Nicholas and San Clemente) 
and the specimens are more ample; in the Herb. Gray a few Cata- 
lina sheets are to be found, but the series is principally San Clem- 
ente; a number of her more interesting specimens were saved 
from the California Academy fire and are in the herbarium of the 
new building of that Society; the herbarium of the Field Museum 
contains 301 of her Catalina plants. 
j1] “Field Notes from Santa Catalina Island.” Erythea 7 :135-146 

(1899). Mentions 105 species of interest as to growth or at- 

tractiveness. 

] “The Heart of Santa Catalina.” Land of Sunshine, Sept., 1897. 
[3] “Flora of San Clemente Island.” Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
3:90-95 (1904). Mentions many Santa Catalina plants. 


WALLACE, William A. 
Collected on the island about 1854. His specimens were sent to 
Dr. Gray and are now in Gray Herbarium, Harvard. 


WALPOLE, F(rederick) A(ndrews). 

A brilliant botanical artist, associated with the U. s. Dept. 
Agric. made color plates of Ribes v riburnifolium and collected a fine 
series of herbarium specimens of that species for the U. S. Nat'l 
Herbarium in February, 1904. 


WHEELER, (Mrs.) S. A. P. 

Resided continuously at Avalon for a number of years previous 
to 1897, during which time she was particularly interested in bot- 
any and acted as guide or advisor to most of the visiting collectors 
of that period. We have not been able to secure data concerning 
her collections. 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 35 


WHEELER, Walter. 
(See Grant & Wheeler.) 


[WOOTON, E. O. 

Specimens have been quoted as collected by him on Catalina 
Island. He informs us that he never collected there. The speci- 
mens mentioned have been misinterpreted. They doubtless bore 
the label “Santa Catalina,” meaning the mountains of that name in 
Arizona. | 


PUBLICATIONS OF CATALINA SPECIES BY OTHERS 
THAN COLLECTORS THERE: 


“A Phytogeographic and Taxonomic Study of the Southern 
California Trees and Shrubs.” LeRoy Abrams, Bull. N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. 6 :300-485 (1910). 

“Insular Floras.” Lorenzo G. Yates in Ninth Ann. Rep. State 
(Calif.) Minerologist, pp. 11-20. 

“Ferns of the Channel Islands.” Lorenzo G. Yates, Bull. Sta. 
Barbara Soc. Nat. Hist. 1 , 2:8-10. 

“New Fungi from Catalina Island.” J. B. Ellis and B. M. Ever- 
hart. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4:62-3 (1905). 


In the preparation of this work the senior author visited the her- 
baria of the Univ. of Calif. ; Calif. Acad. Sci.; Stanford Univ., Harvard 
Univ.; New York Bot. Gard.; and the U. S. Nat'l Herb. At all of 
these institutions he was granted the privilege of examining the Cat- 
alina material deposited in each. For this and other courtesies he 
wishes to record his sincere thanks to Profs. H. M. Hall and W. L. 
Jepson and to Miss Harriett Walker; Prof. LeRoy Abrams; Miss 
Alice Eastwood; Profs. B. L. Robinson and Roland Thaxter; Dr. N. 
L. Britton and Messrs. F. W. Pennell and Percy Wilson; Mr. William 
R. Maxon; Dr. J. N. Rose and William Paul Standley. 

Later he also visited the herbaria at Kew and the British 
Museum, London, where, through the kindness of Dr. A. W. Hill, 
and Mr. A. R. Rendle, he examined the Gambel plants deposited 
by Thomas Nuttall. 

The various specialists who have contributed to the completeness 
of this Flora are credited each under the group upon which he so will- 
ingly worked. 


SUMMARY 


Gen.) Sp 
SVERMATGEE RELA: pint eee setae e 257 455 
PTERIDOPHYTA: 
PV GRAAB ihe Dk Mie tye) cht ale Wek seen Wate el 5 9 
PUI ETB 2 racists, cipaiaieole. erm eran tate I 2 
EVCOPOUS Ts); 2 oo «kek pene erie ee I I 
BRYOPHY TX: 
INVOSSES UATE arene epee eis 16 28 
DAVET WSS Gere hie wlehismuemer ste isp 6 8 
THALLOPHYTA: 
PG E0s t.cik koe ho bar hes pion ethos fie 133 213 
Picheng scot Cae eee ees 40 166 
AD OLA Sy Sed eee Ae he We Na hes ia 459 882 


36 


THE FLORA 


All plants may be grouped under four great categories known as 
Phyla or Sub-kingdoms, as follows: 
Flowering plants: 


Producing seeds. Phylum A. SPERMATOPHYTA. 
Flowerless plants: 

Ferns and fern allies. Phylum B. PrermopuHyta. 

Mosses and moss allies. Phylum C. BryopHyta. 

Algae, Fungi, Lichens and allies. Phylum D. THALLOPHYTA. 


Phylum A. SPERMATOPHYTA. 


Plants producing seeds which contain an embryo formed of one 
or more rudimentary leaves (Cotyledons), a stem, a root and a 
terminal bud. The essential organs consist of a pistil composed of an 
ovary containing one or more ovules; a style, sometimes rudimentary, 
tipped by a stigma or having a receptive surface known as the stigma; 
and certain male organs known as stamens composed of a stem (not 
always present) called the filament, an enlarged tip called the anther, 
and its contents the pollen. Biologically the ovary contains an 
embryo-sac (macrospore) which develops the minute female prothal- 
lium, an archegone of which is fertilized by means of a tube or male 
prothallium issuing from the pollen-grain (microspore) developed 
within the anther-sacs (microsporanges). 

The spermatophyta are divided into two Classes as follows: 


Stigmas I or more: 
Ovules and seeds in a closed cavity (ovary). 
Class I. ANGIOSPERMAE. 
Stigmas none: 
Ovules and seeds borne on the face of a scale. 
Class 2. GyMNOSPERMAE, 
(No plants of Class 2 have been found on the island). 


Class 1. ANGIOSPERMZ. 


Ovules enclosed in a cavity, the ovary, developed by the infolding 
and uniting of the margins of a modified and rudimentary leaf, the 
carpel; or of several such leaves joined together, in which the seeds 
are ripened. The pollen-grains on coming in contact with the summit 
of the carpel, the stigma, germinate by sending out a pollen-tube 
which penetrates the stigmatic tissue to reach an ovule an orifice of 
which (micropyle) it enters its tip coming in contact with a germ-cell in 


37 


38 = Fretp Museum or Naturart History—Borany, Vou. V. 


the embryo-sac causing fertilization. In a few instances in this class 
the pollen-tube enters the ovule at the chalaza, not at the micropyle. 
This class is divided into two sub-classes, as follows: 


Cotyledon 1. Stem endogenous. Sub-class 1. MoNocoTYLEDONES. 
Cotyledons normally 2; Stem normally 
exogenous. Sub-class 2. DiIcoTYLEDONES. 


Sub-class 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. 


Embryo with a single cotyledon and the first leaves of the 
germinating plantlet alternate. Stem composed of a mass of soft 
tissue in which the bundles of wood-cells are irregularly imbedded. 
There is no distinction as to wood, pith, and bark. Leaves usually 
parallel-veined, mostly alternate and entire, commonly sheathing the 
stem at their base and often showing no distinction of blade and 
petiole. Flowers mostly 3-merous or 6-merous. 

This sub-class is divided into Orders as follows: 


*Carpels 1 or more, distinct (in this Flora); parts of the 
usually imperfect flowers mostly unequal in number. 
Flowers not in the axils of chaffy scales: 
Endosperm mealy or sarcous: 


Perianth of bristles or chaffy scales. Order 1. PANDANALES. 
Endosperm none or very little: 

Perianth of 4 rudimentary sepals. Order 2. NAIADALEs. 

Flowers in the axils of dry, chaffy scales: Order 3. POoAtes. 


**Carpels united into a compound ovary; parts of the flower 
usually complete, mostly in 3s or 6s. 
Perianth well developed. 
Endosperm fleshy or horny. Order 4. LiILtALes. 
Endosperm mealy ; ovary mostly superior. Order 5. XYRIDALEs. 


Order 1. PANDANALES. 


Our species aquatic or marsh plants with narrow, elongated 
leaves and very small, imperfect and incomplete flowers in spikes 
or heads. Perianth of bristles or of chaffy scales. Ovary 1, 
1-2-celled. Endosperm mealy or fleshy. 


Family 1. TYPHACEZ. 
CAT TAIL FAMILY 


Marsh or aquatic plants with creeping rootstocks, fibrous roots 
and glabrous, erect, terete stems. Leaves ensiform, linear, flat, 
striate, sheathing at the base. Flowers monoecious, densely, 
crowded in terminal spikes which are subtended by spathaceous, 
usually fugaceous bracts and divided at intervals by smaller cadu- 
cous bracts, the staminate spikes uppermost. Perianth of bris- 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND-—MILLsPpauGH & NUTTALL 39 


tles. Stamens 2-7, the filaments connate; ovary 1, stipitate 
1-2-celled. Ovules anatropous. Styles as many as the cells of 
the ovary. Mingled with the stamens and pistils are bristly hairs 
and among the pistillate flowers many sterile flowers with clavate 
tips. Fruit nutlike. Endosperm copious. 


Ye) wae eee, DAtIN: 
Characters of the family as above. 


Fruit pedicels 1 mm. or less, 


Fruiting rachis 3-4 mm. thick. 1. angustifolia. 
Fruit pedicels 2-3 mm. ; we 
Fruiting rachis 8-11 mm, thick. 2. latifolia. 


1. T. angustifolia Linn. Sp. Pl.971 (1753). 
Typha bracteata Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad.2:413 (1887). 


Stem slender, 1-4 m. tall. Leaves narrowly linear, 2-20 mm 
broad. Racemes light or dark brown the staminate and pistillate 
portions usually separated by a small interval; each 1-4 dm. long; 
pistillate portion with bractlets 0.5-2cm. diam. Stigmas linear 
or oblong-linear. Hairs accompanying the pistillate flowers with 
or without club-shaped tips. Pollen-grains simple. Denuded 
rachis of the mature pistillate raceme slender, 3-4.5 mm. thick, 
roughened by the short, rigid pedicels which are 1 mm. or less in 
length. 


In permanent moisture of the deeper cafions and low places on uplands. May 
to July. Rock Spring Cajion, Millsp. 4363; Soap Stone Quarry, Nutiall go6. 


2. T. latifolia Linn. Sp. Pl.g71 (1753). 


Stems stout, 1I-2.7m. tall. Leaves linear, 6-25 mm. broad. 
Racemes dark-brown or blackish the staminate and pistillate por- 
tions usually contiguous, each 8-20cm, or more long; pistillate 
portion without bractlets, 2-3.5cm. diam. Stigmas rhomboidal 
or spatilate. Pollen-grains in 4s. Denuded rachis of the mature 
pistillate raceme stout, 8-11 mm. thick, conspicuous by the long, 
bristle-like, persistent pedicels which are sometimes 3mm, in 
length. 


In permanent wet places. May to June. Typha Cafion, Nuttall 307; Ham- 
ilton Canyon, Knopf go. CAT-TAIL. 


Order 2. NAIADALES. 


Aquatic or marsh herbs with or without stems and with short or 
elongated rootstocks. Leaves alternate or opposite, flat or terete 
above the stipular base; blades narrow or broad, usually entire rarely 
toothed, or wanting, the phyllodia various in shape. Flowers perfect 


40  Fietp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vou. V. 


or unisexual and the pistillate ones rarely dimorphous, solitary or 
clustered in the leaf-axils, or spirally arranged in a spike or borne on 
a unilateral spadix. Perianth single or double, but imperfect, or 
obsolete or wanting. Androecium of I-4 stamens; filaments very 
short or obsolete; anthers mostly 2-4-celled, usually with large, some- 
times petaloid, connectives. Gynoecium of a single carpel, or of 2- 
several distinct or united carpels. Ovary superior; style present or 
wanting ; stigma disk-like, cup-like or elongate. Fruit nutlets, drupe- 
fets or utricular. . 


Family 1. ZOSTERACEZ. 
EEL-GRASS FAMILY. 


Perennial marine plants with creeping rootstocks and flattened 
branching stems. Leaves all alternate, 2-ranked, linear, flat or com- 
plicate, sheathing at the base. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, 
arranged on a one-sided spadix and enclosed in a close-fitting, 
ultimately rupturing spathe. Perianth none but some of the flowers 
covered by a hyaline envelope. Staminate flower of a single, sessile, 
t-celled anther. Pistillate flower of two united carpels with a short or 
elongate style and 2 thread-like stigmas. Seeds ribbed or smooth. 
Embryo ovoid or ellipsoid. 


1. PHYLLOSPADIX Hook. 


Submerged salt-water perennials. Stems slender, much branched. 
Leaves linear, grass-like, with a sheathing base. Inflorescence a 
peduncled 1-sided spadix enclosed in a sheathing spathe which splits 
at maturity. Flowers dioecious, arranged in 2 rows on the spadix 
each flower covered by a hyaline envelope. Perianth none. Staminate 
flower of a single, sessile, 1-celled anther. Pistillate flower with sessile 
carpels.. Style short crowned by 2 capillary stigmas. Mature fruit 
coriaceous, indehiscent, crowned by short style at the apex and 
deeply cordate-sagittate at the base. Seeds membranous, globose, not 
sulcate. . 


1. P.Torreyi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14; 303 (1879). 


Stems simple or branched, flat, 3 dm. or more long. Leaves all 
submerged, linear, flat when juvenile complicate or truly terete when 
mature, 0.8-2 m. long, 0.7-1.5 mm. wide, obtuse or acute, sheathing, 
primary nerves I-3 or sometimes the blade nerveless. Inflorescence 
a curved or straight spadix, the spathe mostly enclosing the flowers 


Fora OF SANTA CaTALINA ISLAND—MILLspAuGH & NUTTALL 41 


and splitting after anthesis; peduncles cauline, mostly branched, in 
2s or 3s, mostly 3-14cm. long and with numerous fugaceous bracts ; 
bracts scarious, obtuse or acute, 1-3.5cm. long. Staminate flowers 
numerous, in 2-rows, consisting of sessile, 1-celled anthers. Pistillate 
flowers of sessile ovaries. Mature fruit I-seeded, flask-shaped, 2-3 
mm. long, beaked by the persistent style at the apex, deeply cordate- 
sagittate at the base, with 2 projecting wings and sometimes winged 
on the back. Seeds reddish. 


Maritime, from low tide to 2 fathoms. June to July. Brandegee. 


Order 3. POALES. 


Grasses and sedges. Monocotyledonous plants, mostly herbace- 
ous, with leafy or leafless, usually simple, stems (culms), the leaves 
usually narrow and elongated, entire or minutely serrulate. Flowers 
mostly perfect, small, incomplete, in the axils of dry, chaffy scales 
(glumes) arranged in spikes or spikelets. 


Fruit a caryopsis (grain) ; culm mostly hollow. Fam. 1. POACEAE. 
Fruit an achene; culm solid. Fam. 2. CYPERACEAE. 


Family 1. POACEZE.* 
GRASS FAMILY. 


Annual or perennial herbs, of various habit, rarely shrubs or 
trees. Culms (stems) generally hollow, but occasionally solid, the 
nodes closed. Leaves sheathing, the sheaths usually split to the base 
on the side opposite the blade; a scarious or cartilaginous ring, naked 
or hairy, rarely wanting, called the ligule, is borne at the orifice of 
the sheath. Inflorescence spicate, racemose or paniculate, consisting 
of spikelets composed of two to many 2-ranked imbricated bracts, 
called scales (glumes), the two lowest in the complete spikelet always 
empty, one or both of these sometimes wanting. One or more of the 
upper scales, except sometimes the terminal ones, contains in the axil 
a flower, which is usually enclosed by a bract-like awnless organ 
called the palet, placed opposite the scale and with its back toward the 
axis (rachilla) of the spikelet, generally 2-keeled ; sometimes the palet 
is present without the flower, and vice versa. Flowers perfect or 
staminate, sometimes monoecious or dioecious, subtended by 1-3 
minute hyaline scales called the lodicules. Stamens 1-6, usually 3. 
Anthers 2-celled, versatile. Ovary 1I-celled, 1-ovuled. Styles 1-3, 
commonly 2 and lateral. Stigmas hairy or plumose. Fruit a seedlike 
grain (caryopsis). Endosperm starchy. 


*By A. S. Hitchcock. 


42 Firetp Museum, or NaturaL History—Borany, Vov. V. 


*Spikelets in pairs in racemes aggregated in a dense 
inflorescence. Rachilla articulated below the glumes— 


Andropogonae. i 1. ANDROPOGON, 
**Spikelets 3-flowered. Rachiila articulated above the 
glumes—Phalarideae. 2. PHALARIS. 


*#**Spikelets 1-flowered. Rachilla sometimes prolonged 
behind the palea as a naked bristle—A grostideae. 
Lemmas indurated, awn trifid. 3. ARISTIDA. 


awn simple. 4. STIPA. 
Lemmas membranaceous : 


Awned or mucronate from the tip. 5. MUHLENBERGIA- 
Glume long-awned. 6. Potypocon. 
Glume awnless or short-awned: 

Saccate at the base. 7. GASTRIDIUM, 
Not saccate at the base. 8. AGROSTIS. 
****Spikelets 2 or several, in open panicles—Aveneae 
Awns dorsal. Lemmas more than 12 mm. long. 9. AVENA. 
«x9** Spikelets I-several flowered in one-sided digitate 
spikes—C hlorideae. 10. CAPRIOLA. 


*uee*X Spikelets 2-many-flowered, pedicels in racemes or 
contracted panicles—Festucae. 
Spikelets of two kinds in the inflorescence. 11. ACHYRODES. 
Spikelets alike in the inflorescence: 
Plants dioecious. 


Spikelets solitary. 12. MONANTHOCHLOE. 
Spikelets in exserted panicles. 13. DISsTICHLIs. 
Plants not dioecious (except a few Poas): 
Lemmas 3-nerved: 14. DISSANTHELIUM, 
Lemmas 5-many nerved: 
Keeled and awnless. 15. POA. 
Keeled only at summit: 
Glumes scarious margined. 16. MELICA. 
Glumes not scarious margined : 
Lemmas entire. 17. FESTUCA. 
Lemmas bifid at apex. 18 Bromus. 


*#ae#e%Spikelets 1-several-flowered, sessile, on opposite 
sides of a flattened or chanelled rachis: in a spike —Hordeae. 
Spikelets solitary at each joint: 


Edgewise to the rachis. 19. Lorium. 

Flatwise to the rachis. 20. PHOLIURUS. 
Spikelets 2 or 3 at each joint: 

Spikelets 1-flowered. 21. Hordeum. 


Spikelets 2-6-flowered : 
Axis of spike continuous: 
Not disarticulating in maturity. 22. ELYMUS. 
Disarticulating at maturity. 23. SITANION. 


*Panicoideae—Spikelets with one perfect flower or with a second 
staminate or neutral flower below. Rachilla articulated below the 
glumes, the more or less dorsally compressed spikelets falling from 
the pedicels entire, singly, in groups or together with joints of an 
articulate rachis. 

Andropogoneae—Spikelets in pairs (or the terminal in threes) 


one sessile, or nearly so and fertile, the other pedicelled. Lemmas 
hyaline. 


1. ANDROPOGON Linn. 


Spikelets in pairs (or the terminal in 3’s) at each joint of the 


FLORA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILtspaucH & NUTTALL 43 


articulate and usually hairy rachis, one sessile, perfect, 1-flowered, 
the other pedicellate, staminate, neutral or reduced to a pedicel. 
Glumes of fertile spikelet 2, the first more or less indurated, flattened 
on the back with 2 prominent nerves near the margin the central less 
prominent, the second glume as long as the first, keeled. Sterile and 
fertile lemmas hyaline the latter awned. Petals minute or wanting. 
Annual or perennial usually coarse grasses with terminal and often 
axillary inflorescence of one to many spikes. 


1. A.saccharoides Swtz. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 26 (1788). 
Andropogon barbinodis Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 3. (1916). 


Culms tufted erect or somewhat spreading at the base, 6-12 dm. 
high, glabrous except the densely-ascending-hispid nodes; sheathes 
glabrous; blades 3-6 mm. wide, flat, scabrous above, the upper much 
reduced; panicle 5-7.5 cm. long consisting of several appressed or 
ascending silky-white racemes somewhat flabellately aggregated near 
the summit of the culm; glumes of the sessile spikelet 5 mm. long, 
awn about 2 cm. long, geniculate at the middle, tightly twisted below 
the bend, loosely twisted above. 


Dry hillsides and roadsides. Trask; slopes near Avalon, Davidson; be- 
tween Cherry Valley and Howland’s Landing, Millsp. 4810, Knopf 194; 


** Poacoideae—Spikelets 1I-many flowered, the imperfect or rudi- 
mentary floret if any, uppermost (or if below the fertile one then the 
spikelet strongly laterally compressed); rachilla usually articulated 
above the glumes; these persistent on the pedicel or rachis after the 
fall of the florets; spikelets more or less laterally compressed. 


Phalarideae—Spikelets with one terminal perfect floret and a 
pair of sterile florets below the group articulated above the glumes and 
falling entire; sterile florets sometimes staminate but usually small or 
reduced to mere rudiments or pedicels. 


2. PHALARIS Linn. 


Spikelets with one perfect flower, laterally flattened. Glumes 
equal, scaphoid, exceeding the florets. Sterile lemmas 2, small and 
narrow, appearing like hairy scales attached to the fertile floret. 
Fertile lemma indurated and shining in fruit enclosing a faintly 2- 
nerved palea. Annuals or perennials with flat blades and dense, 
spike-like panicles. 


Spikelets single, all alike. Annuals: 


Glumes broadly winged. I. minor. 
Glumes wingless or nearly so; ? 
Acuminate, turgid, apex smooth. 2. Lemmoni. 


Acute, less turgid, apex villous. 3. caroliniana. 


44  Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vot. V. 


1. P.minor Retz. Obs. Bot.3:8 (1783). 


Annual; culms erect 3dm. to 0.9m. high; panicle ovate-oblong 
to oblong, 1.25-5cm. long; glumes oblong, 2.6mm. long, strongly | 
winged on the keel which has a green stripe on each side; wing 
scabrous on the margin and more or less toothed; fertile lemma ovate, 
acute, villous, about 1.5mm. long; the sterile lemma solitary, about 
I mm. long. 


Lower levels near the sea. At Avalon, Trask; Millsp. 4913. Fields at the 
Isthmus, Nuttall 224, 643. Reported as P. canariensis L. by Brandegee. 


2. P.Lemmoni Vasey, Contr. Natl. Herb. 3:42 (1892). 

Annual, culms erect, 3-9 dm. high; panicle dense, 5-1ocm. long; 
glumes about 5 mm. long, narrow, acuminate, the lateral nerves about 
midway between margin and keel; fertile lemma ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate, dark-colored at maturity, villous except the acuminate tip, 
3.5 mm. long; sterile lemmas less than one-third as long. 


Lower lands near the sea shore at Avalon, rare Trask. 


3. P.caroliniana Walt. Fl. Carol. 74 (1788). 


Annual, culms erect, 3-6 dm. high; panicle oblong, 2.5-5 cm. long; 
glumes 5-6.5 mm. long, oblong, rather abruptly narrowed to an acute 
apex, the keel scabrous and narrowly winged above from below the 
middle, the lateral nerves about midway between keel and margin; 
fertile lemma ovate, acute, densely villous, about 2mm. long; the 
close-appressed sterile lemmas about one-third as long. 


Rare and apparently introduced from the Southeastern States. Avalon, 
along a canon stream (1897), Mar. (1901) and (1891), Mrs. Trask. 


*** 4 grostideae—Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla sometimes pro- 
longed behind the palea as a naked or plumose bristle; glumes usually 
as long or longer than the lemma. 


3. ARISTIDA Linn. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, in narrow or open panicles. Glumes 
narrow, acute, acuminate or short-awned. Lemma with a hard, 
obconical, pubescent callus, somewhat indurated, convolute, including 
the thin palea, terminating in a usually trifid awn. Tufted annuals or 
perennials with a narrow blade. 


1. A.adsensionis Linn. Sp. Pl.82 (1753). 
Aristida bromoides HBK. Nov. Gen. et. Sp.r:122 (1816). 


Annual. Culms much branched at base, 1-3 dm. long, erect or 
often spreading or prostrate; blades 2.5-5 cm. long, narrow, usually 
involute ; panicle narrow, rather dense, 5-7.5cm., the branches short, 
fascicled; glumes unequal, smooth except the keel of the first, 1- 
nerved. The first 3-6mm. long, acutish, the second 7-9 mm. long, 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 45 


obtuse or slightly mucronate; lemma 8-10 mm. long, smooth except 
the upper portion of the keel, the callus with a dense tuft of short 
hairs, the apex scarcely narrowed; awns. equal, finally spreading, 
about 1 cm. long or the lateral sometimes shorter. 

Open ground. Brandegee, May 16 (1800), also his No. 56 collected on the 


same date (both in hb. U. S.); on a clayey bank, Fourth o’ July, Millsp. 4795. 
THREE-BARBED GRASS. 


4. STIPA Linn. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, in terminal open or narrow panicles. Glumes 
* marrow, acute or bristle-tipped. Lemma with a bearded, sharp- 
pointed callus, pubescent, indurated, convolute, including the small 
palea, terminating in a simple, usually stout, geniculate, twisted awn. 
Rather coarse, tufted perennials with narrow or involute blades. 


Awn not plumose;  , 
Terminal segment about 6.25 cm. long. 1, pulchra. 
Terminal segment about 2cm. long. 2. lepida. 


1. §.pulchra Hitche. Am. Jour. Bot.2: 301 (1915). 
Stipa setigera Presl. of various Calif. references. 


A cespitose perennial; culms scaberulous or smooth, pubescent 
below the nodes, mostly 6-10 dm. high; sheathes smooth or scaber- 
ulous; ligule truncate, 2-3 mm. long or shorter on the innovations ; 
blades flat or soon involute, I-4mm. wide, pilose above, scaberulous 
beneath ; panicle open, 1-3 dm. long, the main axis smooth or scaber- 
ulous, the branches slender, scaberulous, ascending or spreading, some- 
what flexuous, mostly in pairs, naked below, the lower 8-15 cm. long, 
sometimes pubescent around the axils; spikelets loosely clustered 
toward the ends of the branches, the branchlets slender, the ultimate 
lateral pedicels 2-3 mm long; glumes nearly equal, usually purple, 
attenuate-pointed, about 15mm. long, the lower 3-nerved, the upper 
5-nerved; lemma oblong, including the narrow, sharp, pilose callus 
8-10 mm. long, pubescent in lines from below to about the middle, or 
somewhat pubescent all over, the surface minutely tuberculate, the 
apex somewhat constricted into a neck with a ciliate edge of erect 
hairs; awn 6-8 cm. long, twice geniculate, appressed pilose to the first 
bend, scabrous above, the terminal segment slender and flexous. 


Open situations. Lyon and Brandegee lists. In scattered tufts on silt soil, 
Echo Lake, Knopf, 7, 201; 


2. §.lepida Hitchc. ibid 302. 
Stipa eminens Cav. of various Calif. coast references. 


A cespitose perennial; culms erect, smooth or  scaberulous, 
pubescent below the nodes, 5-8 dm. high; sheathes smooth or scaber- 
ulous or sometimes a little pubescent, more or less villous at the 
mouth; ligule a narrow membrane about 0.5 mm. long, blades flat, 


40 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


more or less involute in drying, 1-3 dm. long, 1-4 mm. wide, pubescent 
above, smooth or scaberulous beneath; panicle loose, 10-13 cm. long, 
the axis smooth or scaberulous, the branches single or in pairs or the 
lower sometimes in threes, spreading, scabrous, slender, naked below, 
sometimes pilose in the lower axils, the lower nodes distant; spikelets 
pale or purplish, clustered on the upper half or two-thirds of the 
branches, the branchlets appressed; glumes thin, narrow, gradually 
acuminate, slightly unequal, the lower 7 mm. long, 3-nerved, the upper 
3-nerved or faintly 5-nerved; lemma about 5-nerved, pilose on the 
callus, rather sparsely pubescent all over or glabrate above, narrowed 
toward the apex but with no distinct neck, the inconspicious crown 
minutely ciliate; awn mostly 2.5-3.5 cm. long, very slender, minutely 
appressed pubescent below or nearly glabrous, scabrous above, twice 
geniculate, the bends often indistinct, the terminal segment somewhat 
flexuous. 


Open situations. Brandegee 59 (1800); on a sandy level of the arroya of 
Gallagher’s Cafion, Millsp. 4868. g 


Stipa lepida Andersoni (Vasey) Hitchc, ibid 303. 
Stipa eminens Andersoni Vasey, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 3:54 
(1892). 
Differs in being smaller and in having narrower and fewer- 
flowered panicles and somewhat smaller spikelets. 


Hillsides and bluffs. Bluff facing the ocean at Pebble Beach, and hillside 
of Cafion opposite Chicken Johnny’s, Nuttall 175, 336; Sugar Loaf, Pendleton 
1384. FEATHER GRASS. 


5. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. 


Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes thin, I-nerved, often aristate. 
Lemma with a short, often barbate callus, narrow, membranaceous, 
3-nerved, acute, mucronate or often awned from the tip or from 
between the teeth of the bidentate apex. Palea thin, about as long 
as lemma. Annual or usually perennial grasses, the inflorescence 
varying from an open and diffuse, to a narrow and spike-like, panicle. 


1. M.microsperma Trin. Gram. Unifl.193 (1824) (by inference 
only). 
Muhlenbergia purpurea Nutt. as to Gambel’s specimen. 
Muhlenbergia gracilis Trin. of Brandegee’s list (See Parish, Zoe 
Bitte 


Annual, often purple; culms spreading, 1.5-3.5 dm. high, scaber- 
ulous especially below the nodes; sheathes smooth or scaberulous ; 
ligule 1mm. long; blades 2.5-5 cm. long, I mm. wide, flat, scabrous; 
panicles narrow, loose, 2.5-7.5cm. long; glumes ovate, obtuse or 
emarginate, I-nerved, unequal, the second the longer, Imm. long; 


Fiora OF SANTA CaTALINA ISLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 47 


lemma narrow, acuminate, 3-nerved, 3 mm. long, appressed-pubescent 
on margins and callus; awn terminal, capillary, 10-15 mm. long. 
Cleistogamous spikelets are developed at the base of the lower sheaths. 
These are solitary or few in a fascicle in each axil, each spikelet 
included in the indurated, thickened, tightly rolled porophyllum. The 
glumes are wanting and awn of the lemma reduced, but the grain is 
larger than that of the spikelets in the terminal inflorescence, being 
about the same length (1 mm.) but much thicker. The porophyllum 
enclosing the spikelet is narrowly conical and readily disarticulates 
from the plant at maturity. 


Open situations. Gambel; Avalon, Mrs. Trask G12 and March (1901) ; 
Brandegee; Howland’s Landing, Millsp. 4818; Equestrian Trail, Alt. 600 ft., 
Nuttall 323, 729. DROPSEED GRASS. 


6. POLYPOGON Desf. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, in dense terminal panicles. Glumes 2, 
ending in a long slender awn. Lemma much shorter than the glumes, 
hyaline, short-awned. Annual or perennial, spreading, weedy grasses, 
with flat blades and bristly panicles. 


Awns 1-3 mm. long, panicle somewhat lobed. 1. lutosus. 
Awns 7-10mm. long, panicle compact. 2. monspeliensis. 


1. P. lutosus (Poir) Hitchc. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr. 772 :138 (1920). 
Agrostis lutosa Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 1:249 (1810). 
Polypogon littoralis Smith Comp. FI. Brit. 13 (1800). 


Perennial; culms geniculate at base, 3-6.5dm. high; sheaths 
scabrous; ligule 2-4mm. long or the uppermost longer; panicles 
oblong, 5-15 cm. long, more or less interrupted or lobed; glumes 
equal, scabrous on back and keel, 2-3 mm. long, terminated by an awn 
as long; lemma smooth and shining, I mm. long, minutely toothed at 
the truncate apex ; awn about as long as the glume. Introduced from 
Europe. 


Waste grounds of moist places. Avalon, Mrs. Trask G5, G26; Brandegee 61; 
Avalon Cafion and Silver Cafion, Smith 4993, 5109; Rock Spring Caiion, Millsp. 
4506, 4706; Avalon Run, Big Wash Cafion and Typha Cajion, Nuttall 172, 234, 
308, 670. 


2. P.monspeliensis Desf. Fl. Atlant.1:67 (1798). 


Annual; culms erect or decumbent at base, scabrous below the 
panicle, depauperate or as much as 6 dm. long; sheaths smooth, the 
ligule large; panicles dense and spike-like, 2.5-15 cm. long, 8-15 mm. 
wide, tawny-yellow ; glumes obtuse, hispidulous, 2 mm. long, terminat- 
ing in an awn 6-8 mm. long; lemma as in P. lutosus. 


Introduced from Europe to wet places. Avalon, rare by springs, Mrs. Trask, 
April, 1898; Brandegee; Silver Cafion, Smith 5108; Rock Spring Cafion, Nuttall 


48  Frectp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vor. V. 


248, Rock Falls Cafion 253 & 550; Big Wash Cajfion 344,* Pebble Beach Cajion 
556; Ridge White’s Valley to Echo Lake, Knopf 149. BEARD-GRASS. 


7. GASTRIDIUM Beauv. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, in spike-like panicles. Glumes 2, enlarged 
or saccate at the base, much longer than the floret. Rachilla prolonged 
behind the palea. Lemma pubescent, truncate, hyaline, awnless or 
bearing an awn just below the apex. Palea narrow, about as long 
as the lemma. Cespitose annuals with flat blades and pale shining 
panicles. 


1. G. ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. Vierteljahrs. Naturf. 
Ges. Zurich, Jahrg. 58:39 (1913). 
Agrostis ventricosa Gouan Hort. Monsp. 39 (1762). 
Gastridium lendigerum Gaud. Fl. Helv.1:176 (1828). 


Culms about 3 dm. high, smooth; panicle 5-7.5 cm. long, dense 
and spike-like; Glumes 3 mm. long gradually narrowed into an awn- 
point; lemma much shorter than the glumes, globular, pubescent at 
apex, the awn 5 mm, long, geniculate. 


Dry open banks. Arroya beyond Chicken Johnny’s, Millsp. 4552; slopes 
near Avalon, Davidson (reported as Gastridium australe!); Middle Ranch 
Cafion, Nuttall 207, 735. 


8. AGROSTIS Linn. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, in narrow open panicles. Glumes subequal, 
acute or acuminate. Lemma shorter than the glumes, thin, obtuse, 
awnless or awned from the back. Palea small, minute or wanting. 
Rachilla (except in sect. Podagrostis) not prolonged. Annual or 
usually perennial, slender grasses with small spikelets. 


Palea evident, 2-nerved: 


Glumes scabrous on keel and ‘back. I. verticillata, 
Palea wanting, or a small nerveless scale; 

Plants spreading by rhizomes. 2. diegoensis. 

Plants tufted, not producing rhizomes. 3. exXarata. 


1. A.verticillata Vill. Prosp.16 (1779). 
Agrostis stolonifera of Jeps. Fl. Calif. 


Culms usually decumbent at base, sometimes with long, creeping 
and rooting stolons ; panicle contracted, lobed or verticillate, especially 
at base 4-10 cm. long, light green or rarely purplish, the branches 
spikelet bearing from the base; glumes equal, obtuse, scabrous on 


__*A ‘dwarf form, 3-4.5 cm. high, with very narrow ligules and blades and 
with panicles but 6 mm. long. Growing in damp moss of the creek-bed. 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILitspaucH & NuTTALL 49 


back and keel, 2 mm. long; lemma I mm. long, awnless, truncate and 
toothed at apex; palea nearly as long as the lemma. 


Moist situations. In crevices of wet rock. Rock Spring Cajion, Millsp. 4642. 


2. A. diegeensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 16:55 (1886). 
Agrostis foliosa Vasey idem. Not Roem. and Shult. 


Culms erect 2.5-4.5dm. high, erect from creeping rhizomes; 
panicles somewhat contracted almost spike-like 5-10 cm. long the 
branches stiffly ascending; lemma a little shorter than the glume, 
awnless, or with straight or rarely a bent awn, the hairs at base 
minute; palea wanting. 

Moister hillside meadows. Rare. Avalon Canon, Trask. Brandegee 50 (as 


Agrostis canina L.); Golf Links Cafion, Cafion Opposite Chicken Johnny’s, and 
near the Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 94, 325, 337, 338. BENT GRASS. 


3. A.exarata Trin. Gram. Unifl.207 (1824). 


Culms erect 6-12 dm. high, or often depauperate; panicle con- 
tracted and spike-like or loose and somewhat spreading, the branches 
densely flowered; glumes 3-4 mm. long, scabrous on the keel and 
usually on the back; Lemma 2 mm long, awnless, or rarely with a 
short prickle on the back; palea a minute nerveless scale I mm. long. 

Moist situations. Brandegee list. There is no specimen in the U. S. 


Herb. from Catalina, though it is quite possible that the Brandegee reference is 
correct. BENT GRASS. 


9. AVENA Linn. 


Spikelets 2-6-flowered, in open panicles. Rachilla bearded below 
the florets. Glumes subequal, membranaceous, many-nerved, longer 
than the lemmas and usually exceeding the uppermost floret. Lemmas 
indurated except toward the summit, 5-9-nerved, bidentate at apex, 
bearing a long, dorsal, twisted awn (often straight or wanting in 
cultivated forms). Annuals or perennials with large spikelets. 

Lemmas pubescent with long, usually brown hairs. 


Teeth of lemmas acute, not awned. 1. fatua. 
Teeth of lemmas awned. 2. barbata. 


1. A, fatua Linn. Sp.Pl. 80 (1753). 


Culms 3-9 dm. high, erect, stout; panicle loose and open the 
slender branches usually horizontally spreading; spikelets usually 3- 
flowered; glumes about 2.5 cm. long; rachilla and lower part of the 
shining lemma clothed with long stiff brownish hairs; florets readily 
falling from the glumes; lemma nerved above, about 19 mm. long, 
the teeth acuminate but not awned; awn stout, geniculate, red-brown, 
twisted below, about 3.75 cm. long. 

A native of Europe, now one of the common grasses of the Pacific Coast. 


Mrs. Trask, Brandegee, Lyon; Pebble Beach and Avalon Cafion, Millsp. 4554, 
. 4738. WILD OATS. 


so =3—- Fietp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vor. V. 


2. A. barbata Brot. Fl. Lusit.1:108 (1804). 


Similar to A. fatua; spikelets somewhat smaller, 2-flowered, 
the pedicels curved and capillary; lemma clothed with stiff red hairs, 
the teeth acuminate and ending in fine awns 4 mm. long. 


A native of Europe, now established in fields and waste grounds throughout 
‘ the Pacific Coast. The most plentiful grass on the mountain slopes of Catalina. 
McClatchie; Avalon, Chase 5563; Knopf 27; Millsp. 4536, 4555, 4663; Nuttall 560. 
WILD OATS. 


10. CAPRIOLA Pers. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, compressed, awnless, sessile in 2 rows 
along one side of a continuous rachis. Glumes unequal, narrow, acute, 
keeled. Rachilla prolonged behind the floret as a blunt pedicel. 
Lemma bread, boat-shaped, obtuse, ciliate on the keel. Palea as long 
as lemma, the prominent keels close together, ciliolate. Low peren- 
nials with creeping rhizomes or stolons and slender digitate unilateral 
spikes. - 


1. C. Dactylon (L.) Ktze. Rev. Gen. Pl.2:764 (1891). 

Panicum dactylon Linn. Sp. Pl. 58 (1753). 

Cynodon dactylon Pers. syn.1:85 (1805). 

Culms flattened, wiry, glabrous; ligule a conspicious ring of 
white hairs; spikes 4 or 5, 2.5-6.5 cm. long; spikelets imbricated, 2 
mm. long, the lemma longer than the glumes. 


A native of the warmer parts of the Old World now sparingly established 
on Catalina. Mrs. Trask; Avalon Cafion, Smith 5003; Avalon, Millsp. 4540; 
Coach Road, Nuttall 285. BERMUDA GRASS. 


11. ACHYRODES Boehmer. 


Spikelets of two kinds, in fascicles, the terminal one of each 
fascicle fertile, the others sterile; fertile spikelet with one perfect 
floret, the rachilla produced beyond the floret, bearing a small awned 
empty lemma or reduced to an awn; glumes narrow, acuminate or 
short-awned, 1I-nerved; lemma broader, raised on a slender stipe, 
scarcely nerved, bearing just below the apex a delicate straight awn; 
sterile spikelets linear, 1-3 in each fascicle, consisting of 2 glumes 
similar to those of the fertile spikelet and numerous distichously 
imbricate, obtuse, awnless, empty lemmas. A low, erect annual with 
flat blades and oblong compact panicles, the crowded fascicles droop- 
ing, the fertile being hidden, except the awns, by the numerous sterile 
ones. 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 51 


1. A.aureum (L.) Ktze. Rev. Gen. Pl.2:758 (1891). 
Cynosurus aureus Linn. Sp. Pl. 72 (1753). 
Lamarckia aurea Moench. Meth. Pl. 201 (1794). 


Culms, erect, or decumbent at base, 1I-3.75dm. high; leaves 
smooth ; ligule prominent, decurrent as a broad, scarious margin; 
panicle dense, 2.5-7.5cm. long, 13-25mm. wide, shining, golden- 
yellow or purplish, the branches close, short, erect; pedicles fascicled, 
somewhat clavate, pubescent, spreading at right angles, the fascicles 
with a tuft of long whitish hairs at the base; fertile spikelet about 2 
mm. long, the sterile 6-8 mm. long; glumes narrow, hyaline, 2mm. 
long; lemmas awned from below the apex. 


A Mediterranean species first found on this continent by Parry & Lemmon 
in 1875; now a common grass in Los Angeles and San Diego Counties. Dry 
hillsides and open situations generally. Mrs. Trask G2; Brandegee 60; Avalon 
Canon, Smith 4999; Chase 5565; Descanso Cafion and the East Hills, Mullsp. 
$669, 4839; School House to top of mountain, Nuttall 22; Knopf 08. GOLDEN 
TOP. 


i2, MONANTHOCHLOE Engelin. 


Spikelets 2 or 3-flowered, unisexual, the staminate and pistillate 
dissimilar, usually sessile in pairs and concealed within the leaf 
fascicles, the upper floral leaves becoming smaller, at length reduced 
to sheaths and resembling the glumes. Lemmas membranaceous, 
rigid, obtuse or denticulate. Palea enclosed within the lemma. 


1. M. littoralis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 1:436 (1859). 
A creeping stoloniferous perennial with wiry stems and _ short, 
rigid, crowded leaves. 


Salt marshes and mucky tidal flats. Brandegee list; Catalina Harbor, 
Pendleton 1425. 


13. DISTICHLIS Raf. 


_ Spikelets many-flowered, dioecious, strongly compressed, in small 
panicles. Glumes unequal, firm, keeled, acute. Lemmas coriaceous, 
rigid, faintly many-nerved. Rigid erect perennials, with stout rhizomes 
and dense panicles of rather few spikelets. 


1. D.spicata (L) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad.2:415 (1887). 
Uniola spicata Linn. Sp. Pl. 71 (1753). 
Distichlis maritima Raf. Jour. de Phys. 89: 104 (1819). 


Pale or glaucous; culms 1-6dm. high; sheaths overlapping ; 
blades often conspicuously distichous, rigidly ascending; panicle 
narrow, I.5-5cm. long; spikelets 8-17mm. long, the florets closely 
imbricated. 


52. Frevv Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vor. V. 


Salt marshes and saline soils near the coast. Mrs. Trask, Sept. (1896); 
Brandegee; Little Harbor just west of Road House and in black muck of 
creek-bed, Nuttall 761, 818; Pendleton 1428. SALT GRASS, 


14. DISSANTHELIUM Trin. 


Spikelets 2-4-flowered, the uppermost reduced to a stipe, arranged 
in panicles. Glumes narrow, acute, equaling or exceeding the spikelet, 
the first 1-nerved the second 3-nerved, Lemma broad, awnless, 3-nerved. 


1. D. californicum (Nutt.) Benth. Hook. Icon. Pl. 3, 4:56, pl. 1375 
(1881). 
Stenochloa californica Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 2,1:189 (1848). 
Culms 6dm. to I m. high, smooth; leaves smooth; ligule mem- 
branaceous, 2-6mm. long; blades flat, lax; panicle narrow, loose, 
1.5-2 dm. long, the lower branches of clusters rather remote; glumes 
somewhat unequal, the first about 2-3 mm. long; lemmas about 3 mm. 
long, minutely villous especially below. Apparently an annual. 


Known only from California, especially the Channel Islands. Type from 
Catalina Island, Gambel; Brandegee. 


15. POA Linn. 


Spikelets 2-several-flowered, the uppermost floret rudimentary, 
in open or narrow panicles. Glumes keeled, 1-3-nerved. Lemmas 
herbaceous or membranaceous, mostly scarious-tipped, acute or obtuse, 
keeled, awnless, 5-nerved the intermediate nerves sometimes obscure, 
keel and marginal nerves sometimes villous, the florets sometimes with 
cobwebby hairs at base. Annuals or perennials with blades ending in 
a navicular point. 


Plants annual, lemmas villous on nerves below: 


Panicle pyramidal, open. I. annua. 
Plants perennial, lemmas pubescent below: 
Panicle usually narrow; sheathes scabrous. 2. scabrella. 


tr. P.annua Linn. Sp. Pl.68 (1753). 


Annual; culms flattened, decumbent at base, sometimes rooting at 
the lower nodes; sheaths loose; blades soft and lax; panicle pyramidal, 
open, 2.5-7.5cm. long; spikelets crowded, 3-6-flowered, about 4 mm. 
long; lemma not webbed at base, distinctly 5-nerved, the nerves pilose 
on the lower half. 


Open situations and waste grounds. Mrs. Trask G4; Brandegee 48, and 
May 16 (1890). MEADOW GRASS. 


2. P.scabrella Benth. Vasey Grasses U.S.42 (1883). 
Tufted perennial; culms erect 6 dm. to I m. high, usually scabrous, 


Fora oF SANTA Cataina [stanp—Mirtispaucn & NUTTALL 53 


at least below the panicle; sheaths scabrous; ligule rather long; blades 
mostly basal, flat, narrow, usually about 1 mm. wide, lax, more or less 
scabrous; panicle narrow, usually contracted, sometimes rather open 
at base, 5-12.5cm. long; glumes scabrous, 3mm. long; spikelets 
narrow, 6-10omm. long; lemmas 4mm. long, puberulent or scabrous 
on back and more or less crisp-pubescent at base. 


All situations, especially dry opens. Avalon, Mrs. Trask, Mar. (1901); 
along the Equestrian Trail at 700 ft. alt. and Golf Links Caifion, Nuttall 324, 551. 


16. MELICA Linn. 


Spikelets 2-several-flowered, in panicles. Glumes large, unequal, 
membranaceous or papery, scarious-margined, 3-5-nerved, awnless, a 
little shorter than the florets. Rachilla prolonged beyond the upper- 
most fertile floret and bearing 2 or 3 gradually smaller empty lemmas 
more or less convolute and enclosing one another at the apex. Lemmas 
firm with scarious margins, 7-nerved awnless or awned below the 
bifid apex. Perennials, often bulbous at base, with closed sheaths 
and usually few-flowered panicles. 

Fertile florets I or 2 in each spikelet: 


Fertile lemmas pubescent. 1. Torreyana. 
Fertile lemmas glabrous. 2. imperfecta. 


i. M. Torreyana Scribn., Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885:43 (1885). 


Culms from a loose and decumbent base, 3-gdm. high, not 
bulbous; blades flat, lax; panicle narrow, rather loose the branches 
more or less fascicled, appressed or ascending, the lower fascicles 
distant; spikelets 6-8.5 mm. long, with I or 2 perfect florets and a 
rudiment; glumes strongly nerved, nearly as long as spikelet ; lemmas 
pubescent ; rudiment long-pediceled, obovoid, divergent. 


Open banks and slopes. May to August. Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton & 
Reed (Pendleton) 1371. 


2. M. imperfecta Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI Sci. Nat. 2°: 59 
(1836). | 
Melica poaeoides Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 2,1:188 (1848).* 


Culms erect, 6dm. to 1 m. high; blades narrow, usually not over 
2mm. wide; panicle narrow, from a few centimeters to 3dm. in 
length, the branches more or less fascicled, long and short together ; 
spikelets 4-6 mm. long, purple-tinged, usually with 1 perfect floret and 
a rudiment; glumes indistinctly nerved; lemma a little longer than the 
glumes, smooth, indistinctly nerved, obtuse; rudiment oblong, short- 
pediceled, appressed to the palea. 


*The type of Nuttall is said to be from “Santa Catalina Island”—Gambel. 
But I have examined the type specimen in the Herbarium of the British Museum. 
The label gives the locality as “St. Diego”—Hitchcock, Jeps. Fl. Cal. III :148. 


54 . Frectp Museum or Naturar History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


Dry open situations. Lyon; Brandegee 56, 58 (1800); Mrs. Trask 11, 32 
(1897), 7, 2r (1808), and Mar. (1891); Pebbie Beach Road, Smith 5059; Mrs. 
Chase 5567; Pebble Beach Cajion, Pebble Beach Salina and Wishbone, Millsp. 
4758, 4747, 4684; Pendleton 1413; Golf Links Cafion and at Chicken Johnny’s, 
Nuttall 97, 350; Echo Lake, Knopf 32; MELIC GRASS 


Melica imperfecta minor Scribn. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885: 42 
(1885). 
Blades glabrous, very narrow; plant low, less than 3 dm. high. 
A scarcely distinct variety. 
Mrs. Trask in herb. U. S. 


17. FESTUCA Linn. 


Spikelets 2-several-flowered in narrow or open panicles. Glumes 
narrow, acute, the first I-nerved the second 3-nerved. Lemmas firm, 
rounded on the back, at least below, acute or awned from tip, rarely 
obtuse or awned from a cleft apex, faintly 3-5-nerved. Annuals or 
perennials, usually tufted. 

Florets 5-13 in each spiklet. 1. octoflora. 


Florets 1-3 in each spiklet: 
Branches of the panicle normally divergent; 


Lemmas glabrous. 2. reflexa. 
Branches of the panicle erect or appressed ; 

Lemmas ciliate. 3. megalura. 

Lemmas not ciliate. 4. myuros. 


1. F.octoflora Walt. Fl. Carol.81 (1788). 
Festuca tenella Willd. Sp. Pl.1:419 (1797). 


Culms slender, erect, usually 1.5-3dm. high; blades narrow, 
involute; panicle narrow, the branches short, appressed; spikelets 6-8 


mm. long, densely 5-13-flowered; glumes subulate-lanceolate, the first » 


i-nerved, 3mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 6mm. long; lemmas firm, 
convex, lanceolate, glabrous or scabrous, the margins not scarious, 4-6 
mm. long, attenuate into a scabrous awn 2-4 mm. long. 


Open situations. Brandegee 49; Avalon, Grant 4790; a very few individuals 
in sand of the dry creek-bed of Silver Cafion, Nuttall 50r.° FESCUE GRASS. 


2. F.reflexa Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862:98 (1863). 


Culms 3.5-7.5dm. high; sheaths smooth or pubescent; blades 
narrowly linear, flat or loosely involute; panicle 5-12.5 cm. long, the 
solitary rays and the spikelets all at length divaricate; spikelets 1-3- 
flowered, 5-7 mm. long; glumes glabrous, the first 2-4 mm. long, the 
second 4-6 mm. long; lemmas glabrous or somewhat scabrous, 5-6 mm. 
long, attenuate into a scabrous awn usually 5-8 mm. long. 


Open rocky slopes. Avalon, in cafions, very rare, Mrs. Trask G22; Rock 
Falls Cafion, May 6, 1919, Moxley 697. 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 55 


3. F.megalura Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 2,1:188 (1848) 


Culms 2-12 dm. high; sheaths and blades smooth; panicle narrow, 
0.75-2dm. long, the branches appressed; spikelets 4-5-flowered; 
glumes glabrous, very unequal, the first about 2 mm. long or less, the 
second 4-6 mm. long; lemmas linear-lanceolate, scabrous above, ciliate 
on the upper half, attenuate into an awn about twice its length. The 
cilia on the lemmas, by which this species is distinguished from the 
next, are sometimes hidden by the incurved edges of the lemma at 
maturity. . 


Rich, grassy hillsides. Avalon, Mrs. Track G19; Golf Links Cafion, moun- 
tain beyond Pebble Beach and Rock Falls Cafion, Nuttall 98, 557, 559; in crevices 
of rock in Rock Falls Cafion, Pebble Beach Cafion and slopes of Mt. Martha, 
Millsp. 4641, 4756, 4849; Silver Canyon, Nuttall 710, 734, 1218; Knopf 99, 204. 


4. F.myuros Linn. Sp. Pl. 74 (1753). 
Similar to the last, but lemmas not ciliate. 


Introduced in the United States from Europe. Rare on the Pacific Coast. 
Brandegee 53; on loose, shaly soil of a dry, open hillside in Descanso Cafion, 
and on the dry roadside at the Wishbone, Millsp. 4667, 4679. 


18. BROMUS Linn. 


_ Spikelets few-many-flowered, terete or flattened, in narrow, open 
panicles. Glumes unequal, acute, 1I-5-nerved. Lemmas convex or 
sharply keeled, 5-9-nerved, usually 2-toothed at apex and awned from 
between the teeth, sometimes awnless, the awn straight or divergent, 
sometimes twisted. Annuals or perennials with usually flat blades and 
rather large spikelets. 


Annuals. 
Panicle contracted, dense; 
Awn 3-8 mm. long. 1. hordeaceus. 
Awn 17-30 mm. long. 2. rubens. 
Panicle open, branches spreading ; 
Awn twisted and bent. 3; uDemii. 
Awn not twisted and bent. 
Awn 2.1 cm. long. 4. tectorum. 
Awn 3.8-5 cm. long. 5. rigidus. 
Perennials. 
Spikelets subterete, not strongly flattened. 6. Orcuttianus. 
Spikelets strongly flattened ; 
Blades canescent, densely pilose. 7. subvelutinus. 
Blades glabrous or somewhat pilose. — 8. carinatus. 


1. B.hordeaceus Linn. Sp. Pl.77 (1753). 


Culms, 17.8 cm. to 8.7 dm. high; sheaths retrorsely softly pilose- 
pubescent; blades usually pubescent; panicle contracted, erect, 5.1-10.2 
cm. or, in depauperate plants, reduced to a few spikelets; glumes broad, 
coarsely pilose or scabrous-pubescent, the first 3-5-nerved, 4-6 mm. 
long, the second 5-7-nerved, 6-8 mm. long; lemmas broad, obtuse, 7- 


56 Fretp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vor. V. 


nerved, coarsely pilose or scabrous-pubescent, rather deeply bidentate, 
8-10 mm. long, the margin and apex hyaline; awn rather stout, 6-9 mm. 
long; palea about three-quarters as long as lemma. 

A weed in waste places and cultivated soils. Avalon, Chase 5564. Avalon 
Valley beyond Chicken Johnny’s, Cherry Valley and Hamilton Beach, Mullsp. 


4550, 4803, 4901; Golf Links Cafon and Silver Caton, Nuttall 561, 671; Knopf 
100. BARLEY CHEAT. 


2. B.rubens Linn. Cent. Pl.1:5 (1755). 


Culms 15.2 cm. to 4.7dm. high, puberulent below the panicle; 
sheaths and blades pubescent; panicle erect, compact, ovoid, usually 
purplish, 3.8-7.6 cm. long; spikelets 7-11 flowered, about 2.5 cm. long; 
glumes narrow, acuminate, pubescent or sometimes smooth, the first 
1-nerved, 8-10 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 11-13 mm. long; lemmas 
lanceolate, acute, 5-nerved, pubescent or smooth, 13-17 mm. long, the 
apex deeply cleft into 2 long-acuminate hyaline teeth, 4-6 mm. long; 
awn straight, 1.9-2.3 cm. long. 


Dry hilltops, roadsides, waste grounds, in sand and among pebbles every- 
where common. Brandegee 51; Smith 4996; Avalon, Chase 5562; Isthmus, 
Grant 6147; Knopf 29, 97, 202, 205; Millsp. 4551, 4668, 4740, 4761, 4805, 
4900, 4911; Nuttall 96. Dr. Davidson says (So. Calif. Acad, Sci. 6:11) “It was 
rare and local in Los Angeles County in 1892, but now (1907) may be found 
in many parts of the county, even as far as the Mojave Desert.” RED BROME 
GRASS. 


3. B. Trinii Desv. Gay Fl. Chil.6:441 (1853). 


Culms erect 3.4-7dm. high; sheaths pilose or nearly smooth; 
blades usually pilose; panicle narrow, 10.2-20.4 cm. long, rather dense ; 
spikelets narrow, 5-7-flowered, 1.5-2.5cm. long; glumes lanceolate, 
acuminate, smooth, the first 8-1ofMmm. long, I-nerved, the second 
broader, 13-17mm. long, mostly 3-nerved; lemmas coarsely and 
sparsely pubescent, 13-15 mm. 5-nerved, with 2 narrow teeth 2mm. 
long; awn 17-21 mm. long, twisted below, bent below the middle and 
strongly divaricate when old. 

Dry slopes. Brandegee, May 12, 1890, 55. 


4. B.tectorum Linn. Sp. Pl'77 (1753). 


Culms 3.4-7 dm. high, smooth, slender; sheaths and blades pube- 
scent; panicle broad, rather dense, drooping, 5.1-15-2cm. long, the 
branches slender; spikelets pubescent, nodding, linear becoming cunei- 
form in flower, 13-21 mm. long; glumes narrow, acute, glabrous, the 
first I-nerved, 4-6 mm. long, the second 3-nerved, 8-10 mm. long; lem- 
mas lanceolate, acute, glabrous, 5-nerved, 10-12mm. long, biden- 
tate at apex; awn straight, 13-15 mm. long. 


Hillsides. Pebble Beach and Golf Links Cafion, Nuttall 95, 558, 562, t210. 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILiLspauGH & NUTTALL 57 


5. B.rigidus Roth. Roem. & Ust. Mag. Bot.10:21 (1790). 
Bromus villosus Forsk. Fl. Aeg. Arab. 23 (1775) not Scop. 


(1772). 


Culms 5.1-8.7 dm. high; sheaths and blades pilose; panicle open, 
rather few-flowered, 7.6-12.7 cm. long, the lower branches 1.2-2.5 cm. 
long; spikelets usually 5-7-flowered, 5.1-7 dm. long; glumes smooth, 
narrow, accuminate, the first 1.7-2.1cm. long, I-nerved, the second 
2.5-3.8cm., 3-nerved; lemmas 5-nerved, 2.5-3.8cm. long, scabrous or 
puberulent, 2-toothed, the teeth 3-4 mm. long; awn stout, 3.8-5.1 cm. 
long. 

A Mediterranean grass becoming a weed in open situations. Big Wash 
. Canon, Millsp. 4855. 


Bromus rigidus Gussoni (Parl.) Coss. & Dur. Expl. Sci. Alger. 
2:159 (1867). 
Bromus villosus Gussonet Asch. & Graeb. Syn. Mitt. Fl. 2:595 
(1901). 
Differs from the above species in having a more open panicle, the 
lower branches as much as 10.1-12.6 cm. long. 
A south Europe form of grass more common in California than the species 


itself. Avalon, Mrs. Trask G24; Chase 5561. Among the dry pebbles of Ham- 
ilton Beach, Millsp. 4899; in the arroya of Golf Links Cafion, Nuttall 99. 


6. B. Orcuttianus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10:223 (1885). 


Culms erect, leafy below, nearly naked above, 8.7dm. to 1.2m. 
high, pubescent at and below the nodes; sheaths pilose or more or less 
velvety; blades glabrous, rather short and erect; panicle narrow, 
pyramidal, erect, 10.1-15.2cm. long, the branches few, divaricate and 
rather rigid in fruit; spikelets 2.1-2.5cm. long, subterete, on short, 
stout pedicels; glumes narrow, smooth or scabrous, the first acute, 
6.5-9 mm. long, I-nerved or sometimes with a faint lateral pair, the 
second broader, obtuse, 8.5-10.5 mm. long, 3-nerved; lemmas 10-12 
mm. long, narrow, scabrous or scabrous-pubescent over the back, the 
awn 5-7 mm. long. 


Open-wooded slopes. Brandegee 62 in herb. U. S. Natl. Mus. 


7. B.subvelutinus Shear, U.S. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23:52 (1900). 


Perennial ; culms 3.4-7 dm. high ; sheaths canescent ; blades narrow, 
rather rigid, becoming involute, canescent and also pilose; panicle 5.1- 
10.4. cm. long, narrow, erect, the branches short, erect; spikelets about 
2.5 cm. long; glumes puberulent, the first 8.5-1.5 mm. long, 3-5-nerved 
the second 10.1-12.1 mm. long, 7-nerved ; lemmas appressed-puberulent, 
13-15 mm. long; awn 3-4 mm. long. 


Dry, hard adobe soil of open hillsides and meadows. Infrequent, at least 
this season (1920), Millsp. 4632. 


58  Frecp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vou. V. 


8. B.carinatus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 403 (1841). 


The form with smooth sheaths (Bromus carinatus Hookerianus 
Shear.). Annual; culms 0.7-1 m. high, sheaths pilose; blades narrow, 
flat, more or less pilose; panicle pyramidal, rather lax, the lower 
branches spreading or drooping; spikelets about 5mm. wide, 5-9- 
flowered; glumes lanceolate, acute, glabrous or slightly scabrous-pu- 
bescent, the first 7-9 mm. long, 3-nerved, the second 9-11 mm. long, 
5-nerved; lemmas lanceolate, puberulent or short-pubescent, 14-17 mm. 
long ; awn 7-10 mm. long. 


Open situations in general. Infrequent at Avalon, Mrs. Trask 57; Brand- 
egee, May 12, 1890, both specimens in herb. U. S. Natl. Mus. 


B. vulgaris Shear, U.S. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23:43 (1900). 
B. ciliatus of Thurber in Wats. Bot. Calif. 2:320, not Linn. 


Brandegee lists this species from Catalina but no specimen has 
been seen by us. It is possible that his specimen was determined from 
the description in Bot. Calif. and that the specimen was lost in the 
Calif. Acad. fire. CHEAT. 


19. LOLIUM Linn. 


Spikelets several-flowered, solitary at each node of a continuous 
rachis, one edge of each spikelet placed against the rachis, the glume on 
that edge (the first glume) wanting, but both glumes present on the ter- 
minal spikelet. Glume marrow, rigid, 5-7-nerved, longer than the lower 
lemma, often exceeding the uppermost. Lemmas convex, 5-7-nerved, 
awned or awnless.. Annuals or short-lived perennials with flat blades 
and spikelets scattered in terminal spikes. 


1. L.temulentum Linn. Sp. PI.83 (1753). 


Annual; culms 7 dm. to I m. high; spike stout and strict, 15.2-20.3 
cm. long; glume about 2.5 cm. long, as long or longer than the 5-7-flow- 
ered spikelet, firm, pointed; lemmas as much as 8mm. long obtuse, 
awned ; awn as much as 8 mm. long. 


A European grass established in fields and waste grounds. Brandegee 52; 
Avalon, Mrs. Chase 5560. Dry roadside near the spring at the Wishbone, 
Millsp. 4680; Nuttall 211, 724. DARNEL. 


20. PHOLIURUS Trin. 


Spikelets 1-2 flowered, solitary at the nodes, imbedded in the 
articulated rachis. Glumes 2, placed in front of the spikelet and 
enclosing it, coriaceous, 5-nerved, acute, unsymmetrical, appearing like 
halves of a single split glume. Lemmas much smaller than the glumes, 
hyaline, keeled. Low annuals with slender spikes. 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 59 


1. P. incurvatus (L.) Hitche. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 772:106 
(1920). 
Aegilops incurvata Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2,2:1490 (1763). 
Lepturus incurvatus Trin. Fund. Agrost. 123 (1820). 


Culms tufted, decumbent at base, 1-2 dm. high; blades short and 
narrow; spike 7.6-10.2cm. long, cylindrical, curved; spikelets 7 mm. 
long, pointed. 

Mudflats and salt marshes. In springs on the eroded cliffs at the West 
End, Mrs. Trask; Brandegee 54, both these in herb. U. S.; dried mud of the 


salina at Catalina Harbor and in the salina at Pebble Beach, Parish; Nuttall, 
563, 564. HARD GRASS. 


21. HORDEUM Linn. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, 3 together at each joint of the rachis, the 
middle one sessile and perfect, the lateral usually pedicled, often 
reduced to awns. Glumes equal, rigid, narrow-lanceolate, subulate or 
setaceous ; usually elongated and awn-like, the three pairs simulating 
an involucre around the central perfect floret. Rachilla prolonged 
behind the palea as an awn, sometimes with a rudimentary floret. 
Lemma of central floret obscurely 5-nerved, tapering into an awn. 
Palea with its back toward the rachis. Cespitose annuals or perennials 
with dense terminal bristly spikes disarticulating at maturity, the 
joints falling with the spikelets attached. 

Plants annual. 

Glumes not ciliate: 
Glumes of fertile spikelet dilated above the base. 1. pusillum. 


Glumes not dilated. ‘ 2. nodosum. 
Glumes, or some of them, ciliate. 3. murinum. 


1. H. pusillum Nutt. Gen. Pl. 1:87 (1818). 


Annual; culms 1-4.8 dm. high; blades erect, flat; spike erect, 
2.5-7.6 cm. long, I-I.5 cm. wide; lateral pair of spikelets abortive, the 
first glume of each and both glumes of the fertile spikelet dilated 
above the base, attenuate into a slender awn 8-13 mm. long; glumes 
very scabrous; lemma unawned. 


Open places under saline influence. Mrs. Trask G6; Avalon, McClatchie ; 
along the upper road to Pebble Beach, Nuttall 565. BARLEY GRASS. 


2. H.nodosum Linn. Sp. Pl.ed.2,1:126 (1762). 

Similar to the last, but usually taller and with all the glumes 
awn-like. , 

Fields, waste places and open grounds. Avalon, Mrs. Trask G34. In the 


Pebble Beach Salina, at the Isthmus, and in Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4628, 
4748, 4824; at Pebble Beach, Nuttall r9o. 


60  Fretp Museum or Naturart History—Borany, Vor. V. 


3. H.murinum Linn. Sp. Pl.85 (1753). 


Annual; culms bushy-branched, spreading; sheaths and blades 
smooth ; spikes 5.1-7.6 cm. long, often partially enclosed by the upper- 
most inflated sheath; glumes of the central spikelet narrowly spindle- 
form, 3-nerved, long-ciliate on both margins, the nerves scabrous; 
awn about 2.5 cm. long; glumes of the lateral spikelets unlike, the 
inner similar to the central, the outer setaceous, not ciliate; lemmas 
all broad, 8-10 mm. long, the awns somewhat exceeding those of the 
glumes. 


Fields, waste places and open situations. Lyon; Avalon, Mrs. Trask, May 
(1898) ; Mrs. Chase 5526; Brandegee; Millsp. 4601, 4629, 4660; Nuttall 114, 315; 
ere A pernicious grass known locally as FOXTAIL and SQUIRREL 

Ss. 


[H. vulgare Linn. Sp. Pl.84 (1753). 


A frequently established escape from cultivation to roadsides 
and open situations quite generally. Mrs. Trask, June (1898). 
Near Avalon and at the Isthmus, Millsp. 4730; Middle Ranch Cafion, 
Nuttall, 305. BARLEY.] 


22. ELYMUS Linn. 


Spikelets 2-6-flowered, in pairs, sessile at the joints of a continuous 
rachis, rarely single or more than two together. Glumes equal, 
usually narrow and rigid, I-3-nerved, acute or awned, placed at the 
sides or close together in front of the florets. Lemmas convex, 
obscurely 5-nerved, usually acute or awned from the apex. Erect 
perennials with terminal, often bristly spikes. 


Glumes subulate, nearly or quite nerveless: 


Plant stout and tall, blade flat, spike dense. 1. Ccondensatus. 
Plant slender, blade involute, spike slender. 2. triticoides. 
Glumes, laneolate, distinctly nerved. 3. glaucus. 


1. E,. condensatus Pres]. Rel. Haenk.1:265 (1830). 


Culms in large tufts, stout, 1-2 m. high, producing stout, knotty 
rhizomes; sheaths smooth; blades flat, as much as 2cm. wide; spike 
erect usually dense, as much as 3.4 dm. long, sometimes branched; 
glumes narrowly lanceolate or subulate, awn-pointed, usually only I- 
nerved, or nerved, or nerveless; about as long as the first lemma; 
lemmas awnless or mucronate. 


Hillsides, gullies and ditches. Lyon, who says: “Much taller than on 
mainland . . . when growing in dry sterile places it overtops a tall man 
on horseback”; Brandegee; Gallagher’s Cafion, Eastwood 6477; in dry hollows 
at Hay Press Chute, 8 ft. high, Millsp. 4580; Banning’s Beach and Hamilton 
Cafion, Nuttall 330, 552; Pendleton 1399; Middle Ranch Cafion, Nuttall 1206; 
Knopf 125; Pebble Beach back road, Knopf 158, 178. WILD RYE. 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 61 


2. E. triticoides Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862:99 (1863). 


Culms usually glaucous, 7-14 dm. tall, usually in large masses 
from extensively creeping, scaly rhizomes; sheaths smooth or 
scabrous; blades narrow, mostly 2-6 mm. wide, flat or soon involute; 
spike erect, slender, sometimes branched; glumes subulate, 10-12 mm. 
long; lemmas 6-8 mm. long, glabrous, short-pointed. 


Moist bottoms and alkaline soil. Avalon, Mrs. Trask G25; McClatchie. 
Dr. Davidson. 


3. E.glaucus Buckl., Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862:99 (1863). 


Culms erect, 3.4-7 dm. high, rarely taller; sheaths smooth, 
or scabrous; blades flat, as much as I cm. wide, scabrous on both sur- 
faces, sometimes narrow and more or less involute; spike erect, 
usually dense, long-exserted, 5-15 cm. long, rarely longer; glumes 
about as long as the spikelet, lanceolate, 8-12 mm. long, acuminate or 
awn-pointed, with 2-4 scabrous nerves; lemmas awned, the awn 
about I or 2 times as long as the body. 


Hillsides and slopes. May to August. Silver Canyon, Nuttall 1203. 


23. SITANION Raf. 

Spikelets 2-several-flowered; in two’s or three’s rarely solitary, 
at each joint of the articulate rachis. Glumes entire, bifid or several- 
parted, narrow or setaceous, long-awned. Lemmas long-awned. 
Tufted perennials with bristly, readily disarticulating spikes. 


1. §. jubatum J. G. Smith, U.S. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18:10 (1899). 


Culms erect, 3.4-7 diam. high, rarely taller; sheaths smooth, 
scabrous or villous-pubescent; blades flat, often becoming involute, 
smooth or usually more or less pubescent at least on upper surface, 
usually not over 3 mm. wide; spike erect, dense, 2.5-7.6 cm. long, thick 
and bushy from the numerous long awns; glumes split into 3 or more 
lobes or divisions each extending into a long awn; lemmas mostly 
8-10 mm. long, smooth, or scabrous toward the apex, the awns and 
those of the glumes 3.8-10.2 cm. long. 


Rocky hillsides. Head of Grand Cafion, Nuttall 314. 


[ Agropyron repens Beauv. Ess. Agrost.102:146 (1812). 


This grass has been listed by Brandegee but no specimen of his 


has been seen. There is no other report or specimen from the aia 
WHEAT GRASS. 


Family 2. CYPERACEZ:. 
SEDGE FAMILY. 


Grass-like or rush-like herbs. Stems (culms) slender, solid 
(rarely hollow), triangular, quadrangular, terete or flattened. Roots 


62 FieLtp Museum or NaturaL History—Botany, Vou. V. 


fibrous (many species perennial by long rootstocks). Leaves narrow, 
with closed sheaths. Flowers perfect or imperfect, arranged in 
spikelets, one (rarely 2) in the axil of each scale (glume, bract), the 
spikelets solitary or clustered, I-many-flowered. Scales 2-ranked or 
spirally imbricated, persistent or deciduous. Perianth hypogynous, 
composed of bristles, or interior scales, rarely calyx-like, or entirely 
wanting. Stamens I-3, rarely more. Filaments slender or filiform. 
Anthers 2-celled. Ovary I-celled. Ovule 1, anatropous, erect. Style 
2-3-cleft or rarely simple or minutely 2-toothed. Fruit a lenticular, 
plano-convex, or trigonous achene. Endosperm mealy. Embryo 
minute. 


Flowers perfect: 


Style-base persistent as a tubercle. 1. ELEOCHARIS. 
Style-base deciduous, no tubercle. 2. SCIRPUS. 
Flowers monoecious or dioecious. 3). CAREX: 


1. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. 


Annual or perennial scapose herbs. Leaves reduced to sheaths, 
or the lowest very rarely blade-bearing. Scapes simple, triangular, 
quadrangular, terete, flattened or grooved. Spikelets solitary, 
terminal, erect, several-many-flowered, not subtended by an involucre 
or rarely by 2 small bracts. Scales concave, spirally imbricated. . 
Perianth of 1-12 bristles, usually retrorsely barbed, wanting in some 
species. Stamens 2-3. Stigmas 2 and achene lenticular or biconvex, 
or when 3, the achene 3-angled, but sometimes with very obtuse 
angles and appearing turgid. Base of the style persistent on the 
summit of the achene, forming a tubercle. 


1. E. palustris (L.) R. &S. Syst. Veg.2:151 (1817). 


Perennial by horizontal rootstocks; stems stout, terete or nearly 
so, striate, 3-8 dm. high; basal sheaths brown, rarely bearing a short 
blade, the upper one obliquely truncate; spikelet ovoid-cylindric, 6-24 
mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, thicker than the stem; scales ovate-oblong 
or ovate-lanceolate, purplish-brown with scarious margins and a 
green midvein; bristles usually 4, slender, retrorsely barbed, longer 
than the achene, sometimes wanting; stamens 2-3; style 2-3-cleft; 
achene brownish or yellowish-brown, smooth, obovate; tubercle 
conic-triangular, constricted at the base, flattened, 14-% as long as 
the achene. 

Wet places along streams. May to August. Brandegee; Upper end_ of 


Grand Canyon, Nuttall 313; dried up bed of Echo Lake, Knopf 212. SPIKE 
RUSH. 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—Mi.tspauGcH & NUTTALL 63 


2. SCIRPUS L. 


Annual or perennial very small or very large sedges, with leafy 
culms or the leaves reduced to basal sheaths. Spikelets terete or 
somewhat flattened, solitary, capitate, spicate or umbellate, subtended 
by a 1-several-leaved involucre or the involucre wanting in some 
species. Scales spirally imbricated all around, usually all fertile, the 
1-3 lower sometimes empty. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 1-6, 
slender or rigid, short or elongated, barbed, pubescent or smooth 
bristles, or none in some species. Stamens 2-3. Style 2-3-cleft, not 
swollen at the base, wholly deciduous from the achene, or its base 
persistent as a subulate tip. 


t. §. pacificus Britton, So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4:8 (1905) 


Perennial by large rootstocks; stems stout, sharply 3-angled 
with flat sides, scabrous above, 6-15 dm. high; leaves equaling or 
exceeding the stem, rough-margined, 5-10 mm. wide, midvein promi- 
nent; involucral leaves 2-4, elongated, erect, similar to those of the 
stem, often 3 cm. long; spikelets in a dense, often compound terminal 
cluster of 6-20, ovoid-oblong, obtuse or subacute, 16-24 mm. long, 8-10 
mm. broad; scales ovate, brown, puberulent, lacerate or 2-toothed 
midvein excurrent into an at length reflexed awn; bristles 1-6, 
shorter than the achenes, or none; style 2-cleft; achene compressed, 
flat on the face, convex or with a low ridge on the back, obovate- 
orbicular, dark brown, shining, 3 mm. long. 


Marshes, especially in somewhat saline places. June-October. In black 
muck of the creek-bed, northwest beach at Little Harbor, Nuttall 816; Knopf 
190. BULRUSH. 


3. CAREX L. 


Grass-like sedges, perennial by rootstocks, with mostly 3-angled 
stems. Leaves 3-ranked, the upper elongated or short and subtending 
the spikes of flowers or wanting. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, 
solitary in the axils of scales. Spikes either wholly pistillate or 
staminate, or bearing staminate and pistillate flowers (androgynous). 
Perianth none. Staminate flowers of 3 stamens. Pistillate of a single 
pistil with a style and 2-3 stigmas borne on a very short axis in the 
axil of a scale-like bractlet (perigynium) which completely encloses 
the achene. Achene 3-angled, lenticular or plano-convex. 


1. C.triquetra Boott. Trans. Linn. Soc. 20:126 (1846). 


Culms smooth, erect, 3-6 dm. tall; leaves glaucescent, minutely 
scabrid, prominently many-nerved, 1-3 mm. wide, shorter than the 


64  Frectp Museum or Naturau History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


culms; lowest bract grass-like, sheathing at base, the upper artistate 
from a scarious base; staminate spike erect, 1.5-2 cm. long, sometimes 
having a small basal spike; pistillate spikes 2-5, the uppermost 
subsessile, approximate, the lowest remote on a long or _ shorter 
peduncle, 1-3 cm. long; scales shorter and narrower than the perigy- 
nia, castaneous with green midvein and hyaline margins, ovate, 
concave, acute or mucronate, serrate on the back; perigynia greenish, 
ovoid, nerved in the intervals, 3-5 mm. long, terminating in a short, 
bidentate beak; achenes closely conformed to the perigynia. 


Growing near canyon streamlets. May to October. Brandegee; Rock 
Spring Canyon, Nuttall 131. SEDGE. 


Order 4. LILIALES. 


Scapose or leafy-stemmed herbs from bulbs or corms, or rarely 
with rootstocks or a woody caudex (Yucca), the leaves various. 
Flowers solitary or clustered, regular, mostly perfect. Perianth 
parted into 6 distinct or nearly distinct segments, or these more or less 
united into a tube inferior or partly superior (Aletris). Stamens 6, 
hypogynous or borne on the perianth or at the bases of its segments ; 
anthers 2-celled, mostly introrse, sometimes extrorse. Ovary 3-celled; 
ovules few or numerous in each cavity, anatropous or amphitropous ; 
styles united; stigma 3-lobed or capitate. Fruit a usually loculicidal 
capsule, or in Yucca sometimes fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds various, 
‘winged or wingless. Embryo in copious endosperm. 


Sepals and petals chaffy. Fam. 1. JUNCACEAE. 
Sepals and petals not chaffy. 
Flowers in umbels. Fam. 2. ALLIACEAE. 
Flowers solitary or racemose. : Fam. 3. LILIACEAE. 


Family 1. JUNCACEZ. 
RUSH FAMILY. 


Flowers perfect, with a regular persistent perianth of 6 similar 
glumaceous segments in 2 rows, 6 nearly hypogynous included 
stamens (rarely 3) with persistent filiform filaments and 2-celled 
anthers, and a superior 3-celled ovary (sometimes I-celled with 3 
parietal placentae) with 3 or many ascending anatropous ovules, a 
single very short style, and 3 filiform stigmas (flowers very rarely 
dimerous throughout); capsule loculicidally 3-valved; seeds with 
membranous or cellular testa, often caudate or appendaged; embryo 
minute, thick, enclosed within the base of the fleshy albumen. 
Rushes or sedge-like herbs, mostly cespitose perennials or with creep- 
ing rhizomes, with terete hollow or spongy usually simple stems, and 


\ 
Frora or Santa Catarina IsLanD—MuItLitspaucH & NUTTALL 65 


alternate sheathing leaves, either flat, channelled, or terete; flowers 
small, usually sessile, scarious-bracteolate, in cymes or panicles, 
subumbellate clusters or spicate heads. 


1. JUNCUS, Linn. 

Stamens 6, or sometimes 3 by suppression of the inner ones. 
Capsule globose to pyramidal, many-seeded, 3-valved, 3-celled with 
central placentae or 1-celled with parietal placentae.—Perennial or 
sometimes annual. 


Panicle lateral. 


Flowers clustered. 1. robustus. 
Flowers solitary. 2. balticus. 
Panicle terminal. 3. bufonius. 


1. J. robustus Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 302 (1879). 
J. acutus sphaerocarpus Engelm, Wheeler’s Rep. 6:376 (1878). 


Stems and leaves 0.5-1.5 m. high, stout, rigid and pungent, 
growing in large tussocks; panicle 6-12 cm. long, about equaling the 
spathe, secondary spathes long-acuminate; clusters 2-4-flowered; 
perianth segments scariously margined, outer broadly lanceolate, 
acute, inner obovate, deeply emarginate, 2 mm. long; capsule 
subglobose ; apiculate, about 4 mm. long. 


Dense clumps in wet places. June to September. Brandegee; bed of 
Cottonwood Canyon, Nuttall 763; Little Harbor, Knopf 230; STOUT RUSH. 


2. J. balticus Willd. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag.3:298 (1890). 


Stems rigid, rather slender, leafless, 3-4dm. high; panicle 
2-4cem. long; perianth segments lanceolate, acute, 4-5mm. long, 
brownish; capsule rather acutely angled, beaked; seeds distinctly 
reticulate. 

Wet places at all altitudes. May to August. Brandegee; Middle Ranch 
Canyon, Smith 5115, Nuttall 296; “Sink” between bases of Black Jack and 


Orizaba, Knopf ror; Little Harbor back of N. W. beach. Nuttall 814; Avalon 
Valley, Nuttall 250, 718. WIRE RUSH. 


aa) putomiS L,.'Sp, PL) 328) (1753). 


Stems usually branching from the base, 5-24cm. high, with 
fibrous roots; leaves 0.5mm. wide or less; flowers mostly solitary 
and remote upon the spreading branches; perianth segements 
lanceolate, greenish, with scarious margins, 4-6 mm. long; stamens 6, 
sometimes 3, 2-3 mm. long; anthers shorter than the filaments; cap- 
sule oblong, obtuse, shorter than the perianth. 


Moist places. May to August. Lyon; Brandegee; upper left fork of Middle 
Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 312. BULLFROG RUSH. TOAD RUSH. 


66 FIELD Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


Family 2. ALLIACEZ. 
ONION FAMILY. 


Perennial mainly scapose herbs, with bulbs or corms. Leaves 
basal or more rarely cauline; blades narrow. Flowers in terminal 
umbels, which are at first enveloped in and finally subtended by a 
scarious involucre. Perianth sometimes conspicuous. Sepals and 
petals 3 each, quite similar in shape, usually membranous, distinct or 
partially united. Androecium of 6 stamens. Filaments usually 
distinct. Anthers 2-celled. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary 
superior, 3-celled. Styles united. Ovules I-several in each cavity. 
Fruit a loculicidal capsule, 3-lobed, sometimes crested. 


Perianth segments distinct: 


Ovules 1-2 in each cell, flowers rose. 1. ALLIUM. 

Ovules several in each cell, flowers yellow. 2. BLooMeERIA. 
Perianth segments united below into a tube: 

Stamens 6, tube sort. 3. DICHELOSTEMMA, 

Stamens 3, tube long. ‘ 4, HooKERA. 


1. ALLIUM L. 


Characteristically odorous herbs, with solitary or clustered bulbs. 
Leaves basal or mainly so; blades narrow, sometimes hollow or keeled, 
several. Scapes or stems simple, often hollow. Flowers perfect, in 
terminal usually simple umbels subtended by 2-3 thin bracts. Perianths 
of various colors, often white, pink, green or purple, persistent: 
sepals and petals distinct or nearly so. Stamens 6, adnate to the 
bases of the sepals and petals: filaments filiform or dilated, sometimes 
toothed: anthers opening introrsely. Ovary sessile or nearly so, more 
or less completely 3-celled: style filiform, jointed: stigma somewhat 
depressed. Ovules 2 in each cavity. Capsule membranous, loculic- 
idal. 


1. A.serratum Wats. Bot. King. Exped. 487 (1871). 


Bulb-coats conspiciously transversely serrate-reticulate; scape 
usually slender, 20-60 cm. high; leaves very narrowly linear; umbel 
usually many-flowered and often large, the spreading pedicels 
30-76 cm. long; sepals pink or crimson, 10-15 cm long, usually broad 
and acuminate, erect or recurved, exceeding the stamens; capsule 
slightly crested —Quite variable. 


On open, grassy eastern slopes. March to May. Brandegec; at the Isthmus, 
Millsp. 4830; near Avalon, Nuttall 104. WILD ONION. The bulbs are eaten 
raw, or cooked with tunas and cherries. These formed one of the principal 
fresh vegetable foods of the Aborigines. 


FLORA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAaND—MILispaucHu & NuTTaLt 67 


2. BLOOMERIA Kell. 


Scape from a fibrous coated corm, with linear carinate basal 
leaves and many yellow flowers in a terminal umbel, subtended by 
membranous bracts. Pedicels jointed at the summit. Perianth 
persistent, of 6 nearly equal distinct linear-oblong somewhat spread- 
ing segments. Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the segments and a 
little shorter; filaments filiform with a somewhat cup-shaped winged 
and often bicuspidate appendage surrounding the base; anthers 
oblong, attached near the base but versatile. Ovules several in each 
cell; style filiform-clavate, persistent and splitting with the capsule. 
Capsule subglobose, membranous, obtusely 3-lobed, loculicidally 
dehiscent. Seeds sub-ovoid, angular and wrinkled, black. 


1. B.crocea (Torr.) Coville Contr. Nat. Herb. 4:203 (1893). 
Allium croceum Torr. Mex. Bound. 218 (1859). 
Bloomeria aurea Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad.2:11 (1863). 


Bulb about 15cm. in diameter, becoming densely covered with 
brownish fibres; scape scabrous, 2-5 dm. high; leaf solitary equaling 
or exceeding the scape, 6-12mm. broad; bracts narrowly lanceolate ; 
pedicels numerous, 3-6cm. long; perianth nearly rotate in bloom; 
segments 8-12mm. long; appendages about 2mm. long, bicuspidate, 
minutely papillose. 


Frequent in the foothills on the slopes. April-June. Brandegee; Trask; 
Vicinity of Avalon: Smith 5041; Mrs. Miller; Millsp. 4895; Nuttall 18; Knopf 80. 
GOLDEN STARS. 


3. DICHELOSTEMMA Kth. 


Scape tortuous or twining from a depressed fibrous coated corm. 
Leaves usually 2, fleshy, linear. Umbel subtended by 3 or more thin 
spathaceous bracts. Perianth tube thin, more or less inflated and 
angular or saccate, about equaled by the segments. Stamens 6, the 
inner with a free lanceolate appendage on each side, sterile in some 
species, the outer ones naked; anthers basifixed. Ovules 3-8 in each 
cell; style persistent, with short divergent stigmas. Capsule ovate to 
oblong, more or less attenuate above. Seeds angled, black. 


1. D. capitata (Bth.) Wood, Proc. Am. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1868:173 
(1869). 
D. insulare (Greene) Burnh. Muhienb. 3:74 (1907). 
Brodiaea insularis Greene, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2:134 (1887). 
Brodiaea capitata insularis Macb. Contr. Gray. Herb. n. s. 56:9 
(1918). 


Scape 1.5-5 dm. high, very tortuous, not rarely twining; leaves 


68 FieELpD MusEuM OF NaTuRAL History—Botany, Vou. V. 


about equaling the scape, carinate; bracts purple, darker than the 
flowers ; flowers several, capitate, clustered on short pedicels 12 mm. 
long or less; perianth tube funnelform, shorter than the segments; 
appendages connivant, forming a corona. 


Sunny slopes and high ridges, common. January to June. Trask; Brand- 
egee (as Brodiaea capitata Bth.); Grant and Wheeler 119-6148; Everman; 
Millsp. 4553; Nuttall 7; Knopf 8 WILD HYACINTH, CLUSTER LILY, 
BLUE DICKS. 

Mr. Knopf sends in a specimen (448) collected along the Upper Pebble 
Ee Road, May 24, 1922, that has a “flower stalk four feet tall and leaf seven 
eet long.” 


4. HOOKERA Salisb. 


Scapes erect, straight from a fibrous-coated corm, with few linear 
leaves and a solitary umbel subtended by several membranous bracts. 
Perianth tube thick turbinate, segments equaling the tube, spreading 
at the tip. Stamens 3, opposite the inner segments, the outer stamens 
being reduced to staminodia. 


1. H. minor (Bth.) Britton, Abrams Fl. Los Ang. 80 (1917). 

Brodiaea minor Wats. Bot. Calif.2:153 (1880). 

Scape slender, 5-15 cm. high; pedicels 2-5, mostly 2-5 cm. long; 
perianth about 3m. long, violet-purple or paler, its limb rotate, the 
segments with a strong midvein, the outer narrower, mucronulate ; 
anthers 4-6mm. long, shorter than the retuse or emarginate 
staminodia. 


Occasional in heavy soil. March-April. We have not met this species 
either in the field or in collections from Catalina. Mrs. Trask says: “rarely 
seen”; Brandegee lists it as “common.” 


Just as we go to press Mr. Knopf sends in specimens (423) of this species 
collected May 14, 1922, in a flat, sandy glade near the stream bed, in the central 
portion of Bulrush Canyon. 


° Family 3. LILIACER. 
LILY FAMILY. 


Scapose or leafy-stemmed herbs from bulbs or corms or rarely 
with rootstocks or a woody caudex. Leaves various. Flowers solitary 
or clustered, regular, mostly perfect. Perianth segments 6, distinct. 
Stamens 6, hypogynous or borne on the perianth or at the base of its 
segments; anthers 2-celled, mostly introrse. Ovary superior, 3-celled. 
Ovules few or numerous, in each cavity; styles united; stigma 3-lobed. 
Fruit a loculicidal capsule ; endosperm copious. 


Inflorescence racemose. I. CHLOROGALUM. 
Inflorescence monoflorus. 2. CALOCHORTUS. 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MixtispaucH & NuTTALL 69 


1. CHLOROGALUM Kth. 


Stems from a fibrous-coated bulb, tall, almost leafless, panicu- 
lately branched above, the branches loosely racemose. Basal leaves 
tufted, long-linear, the stem leaves much reduced. Bracts small and 
scarious. Pedicels jointed at the summit. Perianth white or purplish, 
persistent and at length twised over the ovary, its segments distinct, 
ligulate, spreading, with 3 closely approximate nerves down the 
middle. Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the segment; anthers 
versatile. Style long-filiform, slightly 3-cleft. Capsule broadly 
turbinate, 3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, obovate, 
somewhat rugose. 


1. C.pomeridianum (Ker.) Kth. Enum. 4:682 (1843). 


Bulbs large, about 1 dm. long, densely and coarsely fibrous-coated ; 
stem and spreading panicle 6-15dm. high; leaves 2-5dm. long, 
12-30 mm. broad, carinate and undulate; pedicels slender, about 6 mm. 
long; perianth rotate, its segments 16-20 mm. long, white with purple 
veins ; capsule about 6 mm. long. 


Dry hillsides and plains. May-July. Brandegee; at the left of Cholla 
Canyon mouth, Nuttall 653. SOAP PLANT, AMOLE. The larger bulbs are 
utilized as a scrubbing brush—without soap. 


2. CALOCHORTUS Pursh. 


Stems usually flexuous and branching from membranous or 
rarely fibrous coated corms, with few linear-laneolate leaves, those of 
the stems alternate, clasping. Flowers few, showy, terminal on the 
branches or umbellately fascicled. Perianth deciduous, of 6 distinct 
more or less concave segments, the inner mostly broadly cuneate- 
obovate, usually with a conspicuous glandular pit near the base. 
Stamens 6, inserted on the base of the segments; anthers linear to 
oblong, basifixed. Ovules many; stigmas sessile, recurved, persistent. 
Capsule elliptic to oblong. 


1. C.cataline Wats. Bot. Calif.2:177 (1880). 
C. Lyoni Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21:455 (1886). 


Stems branching, 3-6dm. high, bulbiferous at base, leaves and 
bracts linear; sepals ovate-lanceolate, with a broad, thin, transparent 
margin, purple-spotted near the base, nearly equaling the petals; 
petals cuneate-obovate, 3-5 cm. high, lilac, with a large ovate purplish 
blotch at base; gland oblong, yellow or brown, covered with brown or 
yellowish hairs; anthers obtuse, pinkish, 5mm. long, on filaments 3 
times as long; capsule 2.5-5 cm. long, about I cm. wide. 


70 ~=3©6 Fietp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vot. V. 


Dry ridges and slopes. April-July. P. Schumacher, type in herb. Gray. 
Both Lyon and Brandegee (listed as C. Kennedyi and C. Palmeri); Trask; 
Brandegee (Gray; Field); Davidson*; Grant and Wheeler 126a-1847; vicinity 
of Avalon, Smith 4985; Carlson; Nuttall 6; Knopf 87, 102, 213; open field at 
the Isthmus, Nuttall 216; Middle Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 598; Cottonwood 
Canyon, Knopf 399. MARIPOSA PTY 

Specimens with white flowers, yellow centered, from Avalon Valley, May 
22, 1922; with madder-colored flowers from same locality on same date; with 
a range of colors from light-lavender to deep-purple, from the Isthmus region, 
June, 1922—Knopf 417, 438, 446. 


Order 5. XYRIDALES. 


Perennial herbs, or vines.’ Leaves various; blades very narrow 
to widely dilated. Flowers perfect or dioecious, complete, regular or 
irregular. Perianth of 6 parts, sometimes readily distinguishable into 
calyx and corolla, the members distinct or partially united. Androe- 
cium of 3-6 stamens. Gynoecium compound, the ovary wholly inferior 
or half-inferior. Fruit capsular or baccate. Endosperm horny or 
fleshy. 


Family 1. IXIACEZ. 
SPIDER-WORT FAMILY. 


Perennial, mostly caulescent herbs, with bulb-like or elongated 
rootstocks. Leaves equitant, 2-ranked, commonly elongated. Flowers 
perfect, regular or irregular, solitary or in clusters from spathe-like 
bracts. Perianth often highly colored: sepals and petals nearly equal 
or often very different, withering-persistent or fugacious, distinct, or 
united below. Androecium of 3 stamens, adnate to the perianth 
opposite the sepals. Filaments filiform, distinct or partially united. 
Anthers 2-celled, extrorse. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary 
inferior, 3-celled. Styles distinct, entire or parted, sometimes petal- 
like. Ovules numerous, anatropous, on central placentae. Fruit a 
loculicidally 3-valved capsule. Seeds numerous in I or 2 rows in each 
cavity. Embryo straight in the fleshy or horny endosperm. 


1. SISYRINCHIUM L. 


Perennial mostly tufted slender herbs with fibrous roots from 
contracted rootstocks, simple or branched 2-winged or 2-edged stems, 
and linear grass-like leaves. Flowers from terminal spathes con- 
sisting of mostly one pair of opposite conduplicate herbaceous bracts 


*See his remarks on Calochortus in Erythea 2:1-2 (1894). 


FLora oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 71 


enclosing membraneous scales; perianth blue, violet or white with a 
yellow eye, rarely all yellow, the 6 oblong or obovate segments spread- 
ing and aristulate; filaments monadelphous; anthers linear or oblong, 
the sacs distinct at base; style threadform, the branches filiform or 
obsolete; ovary 3-celled; capsule globose, oval or obovoid, usually 
trigonous, loculicidally 3-valved; seeds globose to obovoid, often 
angled, pitted or smooth. Flowers fugacious, opening successively in 
sunlight, each usually lasting but a day. 


1. §. bellum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad.12:277 (1876). 


Stems 2-4 dm. high, glabrous or with scabrous margins, with 
1-3 floriferous nodes at the summit; peduncles usually 2 at each node ; 
spathes of 2, nearly equal bracts, scabrous on the keel, 4-7-flowered ; 
perianth deep blue-purple with yellowish base, 2cm. broad or more; 
stamens united to near the summit; anthers very small; capsule round- 
obovoid, 6 mm. high; seeds 1.5 mm thick, obscurely pitted. 


Moist, grassy slopes. April-August. Only one clump (of a few plants) 
seen, that on the bank of Avalon Run beyond the Saw-mill, Millsp. 4735. 
BLUE-EYED GRASS. 

Mr. Knopf sends in a depauperate specimen (456) from a “draw” between 
Johnson’s and Parson’s, collected June 4, 1922, with the remark: “The only one 
I have ever seen on the Island.” 


Sub-class 2. DICOTYLEDONES. 


Embryo of the seed with two cotyledons (in a few genera 
one only), the first leaves of the germinating plantlet opposite. Stem 
exogenous, of pith, wood and bark (endogenous in structure in 
Nymphaeaceae), the wood in one or more layers surrounding the 
pith, traversed by medullary rays and covered by the bark. Leaves 
usually pinnately or palmately veined, the veinlets forming a net- 
work. Parts of the flower rarely in 3’s or 6's. 


CHORIPETALAE—Petals, when present, separate and distinct: 
Petals none: 


Calyx none. 
Herbs. Flowers in spikes. Order 1. PIPERALES. 
Shrubs or trees, flowers in aments: 
Fruit a capsule. Order 2. SALIcALEs. 
Fruit a nut. Order 3. FAGALES. 


Calyx present: 
Flowers monoecious, dioecious or polygamous. 


Ovary superior, 1-celled. : Order 4. UnRtTICALEs. 
Flowers mostly perfect, ovary superior. 
Fruit an achene. Order 5. POLYGONALEs. 


Fruit not an achene. Order 6. CHENOPODIALES. 


72  Fre~p Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vor. V. 


Petals present: 
Ovary superior, free from the calyx: 
Stamens hypogynous, more numerous than the sepals. 
Sepals distinct, carpels separate. Order 7. RANALES. 
carpels united at base. 
Order 8. PAPAVERALES. 
Sepals mainly united or confluent with 
receptacle. Order 9. ROosALes. 
Stamens as many as the sepals or fewer: 
Ovules pendulous. 
Raphe toward axis of ovary. Order 10. GERANIALES, 
Raphe away from axis of ovary. Order 11. SAPINDALES. 
Ovules erect. Stamens very numerous 
(except in Violaceae). Order 12. RHAMNALES. 
Sepals valvate. Order 13. MALvALEs. 
Sepals imbricated or convolute. Order 14. HypErRICALEs, 
Ovary inferior, adnate to the calyx (at least in part) : 
Plants with barbed or stinging hairs. Order 15. Loasa.es. 
Plants spiny: 
Fleshy, jointed, leafless. Order 16. CACTALES. 
Woody, leafy plants. 
Ovules several in each cavity of ovary. 
. Order 17. Myrrates. 
Ovules 1 in each cavity of ovary. Order 18. AMMIALES. 


GAMOPETALAE—Petals parily or wholly united 
Ovary superior: 
Stamens free from the corolla. Order 19. ERIcCALEs. 
Stamens borne on the corolla opposite its lobes. 
Order 20. PRIMULALES. 
Stamens borne on the corolla alternate with its lobes: 
Corolla not scarious, nerved: 


Ovaries 2, distinct. Order 21. GENTIANALES. 
Ovary I, compound (partly divided or 
lobed). Order 22. PoLEMONIALES. 
Corolla scarious, nerveless. Order 23. PLANTAGINALES. 
Ovary inferior:- 
Anthers distinct. Order 24. RUBIALES. 


Anthers united (except in Ambrosiaceae). 
Order 25. CAMPANULALES. 


Order 1. PIPERALES. 


Dicotyledonous plants, with neither petals nor sepals, the spicate 
flowers bracteolate. 


Family 1. SAURURACE. 
LIZZARD-TAIL FAMILY. 


Perennial herbs with broad entire alternate petioled leaves and 
small perfect bracteolate flowers in peduncled spikes. Perianth none. 
Stamens 6-8 or sometimes fewer, hypogynous; anthers 2-celled, the 
sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 3-4 carpelled; the carpels 
distinct or united, 1-2-ovuled; ovules orthotropus. Fruit capsular or 
berry-like, composed of 3-4 mostly indehiscent carpels. Seeds globose 
or ovoid; endosperm copious, mealy ; embryo minute, cordate. 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAuGH & NUTTALL 73 


1. ANEMOPSIS Hook. 


Stems nodose, scape-like, stoloniferous from aromatic creeping 
rootstocks. Leaves mostly radical, minutely punctate. Flowers in a 
compact spike surrounded at the base by a persistent colored involucre 
of 5-8 bracts; each flower except the lowest also surrounded by a 
small colored bract. Stamens 6-8. Ovary sunk in the rachis of the 
spike, 1-celled; stigmas 3-4. Capsule dehiscent at the apex. 


1. A.californica H. and A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 390 (1841). 
Houttuynia californica (Nutt.) Bth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 3:128 
(1880). 


Stem 15-50 cm. long, with a broadly ovate clasping leaf above the 
middle and a fascicle of 1-3 small petioled leaves in the axil; basal 
leaves elliptic-oblong, rounded above, more or less narrowed toward 
the cordate base, 5-15 cm. long, on petioles 10-20cm. long; spikes 
1.5-4m. long; involucral bracts white, often reddish beneath, oblong, 
1-3cm. long; floral bracts white, obovate, unguiculate, 5-6 mm. long; 
ovules 6-10 on each placenta. 


Wet, saline places. March-August. Brandegee includes this species in his 
list of Santa Catalina Island plants. We have seen no specimen of it as from 
there YERBA MANSA. 


Order 2. SALICALES. 


Trees or shrubs, with imperfect small flowers in aments. Sepals 
and petals none. Leaves simple. Fruit a many-seeded capsule. Seeds 
with a tuft of hairs at one end. 


Family 1. SALICACEZ. 
WILLOW FAMILY 


Dioecious trees or shrubs with light wood, bitter bark, brittle 
twigs, and alternate stipulate leaves, the stipules often minute and 
caducous. Flowers solitary in the axil of each bract. Staminate 
flowers consisting of from one to numerous stamens inserted on the 
receptable, subtended by a gland-like or cup-shaped disk; anthers 
2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Pistillate aments some- 
times raceme-like; pistillate flowers of a I-celled ovary subtended by 
a minute disk; placentae 2-4, parietal; ovules usually numerous, 
anatropous ; stigmas 2-4, simple or 2-4-cleft. Seeds small or minute, 
provided with a dense coma of long, mostly white, silky hairs. Endo- 
sperm none. Cotyledons plano-convex. Radicle short. 


Bracts fimbriate stamens numerous. 1. Poputus. 
Bracts entire, stamens 2-I0. 2. SALIX, 


74  Fietp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vor. V. 


1. POPULUS L. 


Trees with scaly resinous buds, and usually long-petioled leaves, 
the stipules minute, fugacious. Disk cup-shaped, oblique. Staminate 
aments dense, pendulous. Staminate flowers with from 4 to 60 
stamens, their filaments distinct. Pistillate aments sometimes raceme- 
like through the elongation of the pedicels. Ovary sessile; style short ; 
stigmas 2-4, entire or 4-lobed. Capsule 2-4 valved. Coma of the 
seeds often very long and conspicuous. 


1. P.trichocarpa T. & G. Hook. Icon. g:pl.878 (1852). 


Tree with a broad head of ascending branches, 8-15 _m. high; 
leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, rounded at the base, acute at apex, 
serrulate, dark green and shining above, pale beneath, 5-8 cm. long, on 
terete petioles, 3-5cm. long; staminate aments 3-5cm. long; disk 
oblique, bearing 40-60 stamens, with purple anthers; pistillate aments 
5-7cem. long, loosely flowered; ovary hoary tomentose; capsule 
3-valved. 

Canyon bottoms near streamlets. February to April. Brandegee; Lyon 
(Gray, Field); Trask; Swain’s Canyon, largest tree 65 feet high with a trunk 
10 feet 6 inches in diameter, Jepson 3060; Gallaghers Canyon, Eastwood 6460; 
Millsp. 4591; Cape Canyon, Millsp.'4674; Banning and Pebble Beach Canyon, 
Knopf 240, 242; Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf go2, COTTONWOOD, BLACK 
COTTONWOOD, BALSAM COTTONWOOD. 


2. SALIX, L. 


Trees or shrubs with mostly long narrow usually acute leaves, 
and persistent or early deciduous broad or minute stipules. Bracts 
entire or denticulate. Disk gland-like, small or minute. Staminate 
aments dense, erect, spreading or drooping, their flowers with I-11 
stamens with filaments distinct or sometimes united below. Pistillate 
usually erect or spreading; ovary sessile or short-stipitate; style short 
or filiform, with 2 entire or 2-cleft stigmas. Capsule mostly 2-valved. 


Stamens 3. 1. laevigata. 
Stamens 2. 
Aments racemose on the branchlets. 2. lasiolepis. 
Aments terminating the branchlets. 3. argophylla. 


i. §S.levigata Bebb, Am. Nat.8:202 (1874). 


Tree 10-15m. high; branches reddish-brown; leaves lanceolate 
to oblong-lanceolate, serrulate, green and shining above, more or less 
glaucous beneath, 8-12 cm. long, glabrous. Petioles about 1 cm. long; 
puberulent above and somewhat grooved; staminate aments usually 
flexuous, 5-7.5cm. long; bracts more or less elliptic, woolly at base, 
glabrous and pallid toward the apex; stamens 5-6; filaments pubescent 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 75 


below ; capsule conic from a thick base, acute, glabrous, on pedicels 
'3-4 times as long as the gland; stigma nearly or quite sessile, 
emarginate. 

Along rivulets in canyons. Listed by Lyon and by Brandegee, but the only 
specimen we have seen is Mrs. Trask’s, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., of which 


she says “less frequent than S. lasiolepis.” Although we searched widely for 
this species we did not succeed in locating it. RED WILLOW. 


2. §, lasiolepis Bth. Pl. Hartw. 335 (1857). 


Tree or large shrub, 4-8m. high; leaves oblong or somewhat 
broadest above the middle, obscurely and irregularly serrulate, dull 
green above, more or less gray-pubescent beneath, 12-20 mm. broad, 
5-7 cm. long, on petioles 5-10 mm. long; aments appearing before the 
leaves, sub-erect; the staminate 2-4cm. long; stamens 2; pistillate 
2.5 cm. long or less; capsule acute, smooth, short pedicelled; styles 
rather short; stigmas erect. 

Common along streamlet$ both in canyon beds and on high lands. January 
to March. Trask (N. Y., Field); Swain’s Canyon, Jepson 3053; Rock Spring 
and Cherry Canyons, Smith 5080, 5102; Avalon Valley, Millsp. 4505 and Middle 
Ranch Canyon 4572, 4577, Knopf 320, 362; Avalon Canyon, Nuttall ro6r, Big 
Wash Canyon 702, 1127, Hamilton Canyon 230, 1031; Knopf, 270, 277, 280, 3334; 
ARROYA or WHITE WILLOW. 

The aborigines made a liniment from an extract of this species, for use 
as a remedy for rheumatism. 


3. S.argophylla Nutt. Sylv.1:71 (1842). 


Slender shrub, stem one from the base, strictly erect or sometimes 
straggling, 12.2-36.6dm. high; foliage lustrous silvery-tomentose ; 
leaves linear, acute at apex or long-pointed, entire, 1.9-6.3 cm. long, 
2.1-4.2 mm. wide; catkins on leafy peduncles ; staminate catkins 1.2-2.7 
em. long, 6.3 mm. thick, in bud usually conical, the green-tipped scales 
often abruptly acute; pistillate catkins 12.7-19.0mm. long, 3.2-4.2 
mm. thick; ovary silky; stigmas oblong, sessile, the top of the ovary 
sometimes bulbous-dilated just below them; capsule silvery-tomentose, 
brown. 


‘Canyon stream bed. May. Evidently rare as it has only once been collected, 
that by Nuttall 343, in Big Wash Canyon. COYOTE WILLOW. 


Order 3. FAGALES. 

Trees or shrubs, with small monoecious or rarely dioecious 
flowers in aments, or the pistillate ones subtended by an involucre, 
which becomes a bur or cup in fruit. Calyx usually present. Corolla 
none. Endosperm none. 


Family 1. FAGACEE. 
OAK FAMILY. 


Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, pinnately veined, the 
stipules, if any, deciduous. Flowers small, monoecious, the staminate 


76 Fiectp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vot. V. 


in aments, or capitate, the pistillate subtended by an involucre of 
partly or wholly united bracts, which becomes a bur or cup. Petals 
none. Staminate flowers with a 4-7-lobed perianth and 4-20 stamens; 
filaments slender, distinct, simple; anther-sacs adnate, longitudinally 
dehiscent. Pistillate flowers with a 4-8-lobed urn-shaped or oblong 
perianth, adnate to the 3-7-celled ovary; ovules I-2 in each cavity, 
only I in each ovary ripening, pendulous, anatropous; styles as many 
as the cavities of the ovary, linear. Fruit a I-seeded nut, with a 
coriaceous or somewhate bony exocarp. Testa thin. Endosperm 
none, cotyledons large, fleshy, often rugose; radicle short. 


Y) 


1. QUERCUS* L. 


Trees or shrubs, with pinnatifid lobed, sdentate, crenate or entire 
leaves, deciduous, or in some species persistent. Flowers very small, 
green or yellowish, appearing with or before the leaves, the staminate 
numerous in slender, mostly drooping aments, the pistillate solitary 
in many-bracted involucres. Staminate flowers subtended by cadu- 
cous bracts, consisting of a mostly 6-lobed campanulate perianth and 
6-12 stamens with filiform filaments, sometimes also with an abortive 
pilose ovary. Pistillate flowers with an urn-shaped or oblong calyx, 
adnate to a mostly 3-celled ovary; ovules 2 in each cavity of the 
ovary, rarely more than I in each ovary maturing; styles as many 
as the ovary-cavities, short. Fruit consisting of the imbricated and 
more or less united bracts of the involucre (cup), subtending or 
nearly enclosing the ovoid, oblong or subglobose, 1-seeded coriaceous 
nut (acorn). 

Acorn maturing the first year, the shell not woolly within: 

abortive ovules at its base: 
Leaves entire or variously toothed, not lobed, deciduous. 
I. dumosa. 
Leaves lobed, larger, evergreen. 2. MacDonaldii. 
Acorn maturing the second year, the shell woolly within: 
abortive ovules toward its top: 


Leaves glabrous, often entire. 3. chrysolepis. 
Leaves somewhat hairy, commonly toothed. 4. tomentella. 


1. Q.dumosa Nutt. N.A.Sylv.1:7 (1842). 


Shrub or small tree 15 dm.-7m. high with pale gray bark and 
tomentose branchlets; leaves coriaceous, broadly or narrowly oblong, 
2.6cm. long more or less, spinose-serrate and sometimes sinuate or 
irregularly incised; staminate aments 7.6cm. long; acorns 2 together 


‘YSBy Willian! Trelease. 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MiItispaucH & NuTTaLt 77 


or solitary nut oval, mostly pointed, 12.7-33.3mm. long; cup hemi- 
spherical, strongly tuberculate at base, scales free above with minute 
hairy tips. 


Everywhere, February to April. Lyon; Trask (one specimen as Q. Doug- 
lasii) ; Toumey; Palmer (8), (9), 255, (his (8) and 255 approach Q. Alvord). 
256; "Rusby (as Q. agrifolia but prox Q. Alvordiana); vicinity of Avalon, 
Eastwood 6525 (prox. Q. Alvordiana); Jepson 3043 and at the head of Swain’s 
Canyon, 3052; Hay Press, Hall 8275; Avalon Valley, Pendleton 1386; Coach 
Road, Cherry Canyon, and foot of Black Jack, Smith 5028, 5091, 5171; Middle 
Ranch Canyon, Millsp. 4576; Chicken Johnny’s and Silver Canyon, Nuttall 149, 
583, 584, 740, (584, 740 approach Q. MacDonaldii); Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 
Hl Knopf 233, 318; Pebble Beach Canyon and the Summit, Knopf 199, 321, 

. SCRUB OAK. The prevalent oak, if not the prevalent. tree, of the island. 

Even more, than before seeing this large and instructive range of good 
specimens from Catalina Island, I feel that it, is nearly hopeless to try to 
segregate the forms of dumosa, and that the * ‘species” represents an ancient 
complex of various differentiated but inter- breeding and inconstant initials 
of what might have become differentiable species if isolated. The ensemble 
comes pretty close to repeating Von Ettingshausen’s story of Quercus Paleo- 
Ilex and its European descendants. 

Among the races represented on the island, there, are, however, three that 
may well be considered to be forms: 


forma insularis: with small ovate leaves, 15-25 x6-14mm., with a smooth 
upper surface, often entire or with a few shallow crenulations, or with sparse, 
broad and shallow teeth; nuts elongate, pointed, about 3x1.2cm. with very 
small cups. The Wishbone, Smith 5020, Knopf 334; Millsp. 4582, 4583 (prox 
QO. Alvordiana), and in a hollow east of the terminus of Bishop Street, Avalon, 
Nuttall 120 (prox Q. Alvordiana), 1202. 


forma myrtifolia: with oblanceolate to ovate leaves, 1.8-4 x 0.6-1.8cm., 
the upper surface strongly raised-reticule-veined, the margins entire or infre- 
quently sharp, spinose-tipped toothed. Acorns not seen. Cherry Valley at the 
bend of the Coach Road, Millsp. 4823; Big Wash and Rock Falls Canyons, 
Nuttall, 356, 585. 

forma longigemma: with narrowly-lanceolate leaves, 1.5-2 x .05-.07 cm., the 
upper surface very finely-low-reticulate-veined, the margin entire or sparingly 
low-crenate, with now and then individual leaves with 1-3, small, spinose teeth. 
Cup large, acorn ovate, pointed, about 2.5x1.8cm. A low, spreading tree 
with a trunk 15.3cm. in diameter, in the canyon south of Chicken Johnny’s 
Millsp. 4545. 


2. Q.™MacDonaldii Greene, W. Am. Oaks, 25, 73, t.34 (1889). 


__ Leaves spatulate-oblong, pinnately lobed, with acute lobes tipped 
with sharp points, 6.3cm. long; lower surface densely clothed with 
star-shaped hairs; smooth on the upper; base generally unequal and 
obtuse. Fruit matures in one season; sessile, less than 2.6cm. long; 
the nut ovate-oblong, acute, cup rather deep, tuberculate. Small 
evergreen tree, 4.5-10.6cm. high; symmetrical and graceful with 
rounded top and slender branches. 

In groves of a few trees in the upper part of the moister canyon beds. 
February to April. Lyon (as QO. Douglasii) ; Trask, “25 to 50 feet high, 1 to 3 
feet in diameter of trunk;”’ Brandegee (as Q. Douglasii, QO. Engelmanniui, QO. 
MacDonaldit elegantula) ; Jepson 3058 he says in his notes: “single trunks up 
to 20 inches in diameter, tree 40 feet high;” Grand Canyon, Hall 8276; Summit, 
Eastwood 6519; Toumey; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5002; Big Wash Canyon, 
Nuttall 741, 742, 1200, and Rocky Falls Canyon 357; Middle Ranch, Millsp. 4607, 


78 Frecp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vou. V. 


Knopf 263; Pebble Beach Canyon, a small grove at the camp site, Maillsp. 
Knopf 241 “trees up to 50 feet.’ ISLAND OAK, BLUE OAK, LIVE OAK, 
EVERGREEN OAK. Variously reported as Q. oblongifolia, O. dumosa Mc- 
Donaldii and Q. Morehus. This species also shows many races having an enor- 
mous range between the typical oblong and the most striking elliptic foliage ; they 
appear to present a hopeless series of intergradients, as the heavy-myrtle leaved 
foliage passes into the thinner, more typical, and the rounded forms. 


3. Q.chrysolepsis Liebm. ? Dansk. Vid. Foreh. 1854:173 (1854). 


Tree 9.15-12.15 m. high, or on exposed mountain summits a shrub 
1.2-3 m. high (in such situations often gregarious) ; leaves oblong or 
narrowly-ovate to elliptical, cordate to cuneate at base, acute or 
cuspidate at apex, mostly entire on old trees, spinose-dentate on young 
ones or on vigorous shoots, pale and glaucous above, fulvous-tomentose 
or gray-pubescent below, at length glabrate ; staminate aments 5.1-10.1 
cm. long, the calyx with 4 to 7 ovate, acute lobes; acorn usually 
solitary; nut oval or ovate, 1.2-5.1 cm. long; cup shallow, the tubercles 
and scales almost aa ARGS concealed by a close dense tomentum. 

Rare. Mrs. Trask says: “a few trees in one locality at an altitude of 1800 
feet.” March to April. Trask “tree 20 feet high with a trunk up to 8 inches 
in diameter ;” gulley near the base of Black Jack, Nuttall 1207. GOLDEN 
LEAVED OAK, LIVE OAK. } 

The more I see of the Catalina forms of chrysolepis (that other very ancient 
form), the less easy I find it to separate tomentella from chrysolepis, On the 
island we find as large if not quite as hairy leaves as in the most representative 
type of tomentella and nearly as small and glaucous leaves as in the extreme 
vaccinifolia. I never could call Mrs. Trask’s specimen tomentella; and Trask 
340222 in the National Herbarium, is perhaps as separable. On the whole my 
present idea is to hold these coastwise island forms as paralleling the dumosa 
range of island forms—the extreme of which is the isolated Guadalupe tomen- 
tella. On this basis, I should be disposed to unite all of these Catalina specimens 
as a var. conjungens of tomenteila—if only they did not comprise the small 
glaucous form. 


4. Q. tomentella Engelm. Tr. St. Louis Acad. 3:393 (1877). 
(Plate VII.) 


A tree, 9-12 m. or occasionally 18.2 m. high, with a trunk 3.3-6.8 
dm. in diameter. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, sometimes cuspidate 
or occasionally rounded at apex, broad and rounded or gradually 
narrowed and abruptly cuneate at base, remotely crenate-dentate with 
small remote spreading callous-tipped teeth, or entire, when they 
unfold, light green tinged with red, covered above with scattered pale 
fascicled hairs and below and on the petioles with thick hoary 
tomentum, at maturity thick and coriaceous, dark green, glabrous 
and lustrous on the upper surface, pale and covered with fascicled 
hairs on the lower surface, 5.1-10.1 cm. long, 2.6-5.1 cm. wide, with 
thickened strongly revolute margins, and a pubescent midrib; gadually 
deciduous during their third season; petioles stout, pubescent, about 
12.7mm. in length. Flowers: staminate in pubescent aments 6.3-35.8 
cm. long, calyx light yellow, pubescent, divided into 5-7 ovate acute 
lobes; pistillate subsessile or in few-flowered spikes on short or 
elongated pubescent peduncles, their involucral scales like the calyx 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLanD—Mui.ispaucH & NUTTALL 79 


coated with fascicled hairs; stigmas red. Fruit subsessile or short- 
stalked; nut ovoid, broad at base, full and rounded at apex, about 3.8 
em. long and 19.0mm. thick, inclosed only at base in a cup-shaped 
shallow cup thickened below, light brown and pubescent on the inner 
surface, and covered by thin ovate acute scales, their free chestnut- 
brown tips more or less hidden in a thick coat of hoary tomentum. 


The Catalina tree very closely approaches Q. chrysolepis. 

In the deeper and moister canyons, frequent. February to April. Lyon; 
Trask “in a canyon near the middle of the island, trees over 50 feet high”; 
Brandegee; Toumey; Hay Press, Hall 8274; Gallagher’s Canyon, Jepson 3050; 
Cherry Canyon, Smith 5118; Pebble Beach Canyon, Millsp. 4686, Nuttall 274, 
Knopf 260; Banning’s Canyon, Nuttall 333; Middle Ranch, Knopf 185; Bulrush 
ee Knopf 351, 416; Pacific Slope of the Salta Verde, Knopf 367. ISLAND 


Order 4. URTICALES. 
Trees, shrubs or herbs, the flowers with a calyx but without 
corolla, small, not borne in aments, moncecious, dicecious or poly- 
gamous; ovary I-celled, superior. 


Family 1. URTICACESR. 
NETTLE FAMILY 


Herbs (some tropical species shrubs or trees), with watery sap, 
mostly stipulate simple leaves, and small greenish dicecious, mon- 
cecious or polygamous flowers, variously clustered. Calyx 2-5-cleft, 
or of distinct sepals. Petals none. Stamens in the staminate flowers 
as many as the lobes or segments of the calyx (sepals) and opposite 
them, the filaments inflexed and anthers reversed in the bud, straight- 
ening at anthesis. Ovary superior, I-celled; style simple; ovule 
solitary, erect or ascending, orthotropous, or in some genera partly 
amphitropous. Fruit an achene. Endosperm oily, usually not 
copious; embryo straight. 


Leaves opposite, dentate: 


Pistillate calyx 4-parted 1. URTICA. 

Pistillate calyx 2-4-toothed 2. HESPEROCNIDE, 

Leaves alternate, entire 3. PARIETARIA. 
t:; URTICA L: 


Annual or perennial herbs with stinging hairs. Leaves opposite, 
petioled, 3 to 7-nerved, with stipules. Flowers in ours moncecious, 
clustered, the clusters in axilary, often branching spikes. Staminate 
flower with 4 sepals, 4 stamens and a cup-shaped rudiment of a pistil. 
Pistillate calyx with the sepals unequal, the exterior smaller than the 
inner and at length enclosing the flattened achene; ovary with sessile 
tufted or almost feathery stigma. Endosperm scanty. 


80 Fietp Museum oF NaturaL History—Botany, Vor. V. 


Annuals, male and female flowers intermixed: I. urens. 
Perennials, male and female flowers in 
separate spikes: 2. holosericea. 


1. U.urens, Linn. Sp. Pl. 934 (1753). 


Erect, branching from the base or sometimes simple, 25-50 cm. 
high; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, deeply and sometimes doubly 
serrate, I1-4cm. long, on slender petioles of about the same length; 
stipules 4 mm. long; flower clusters rather dense, mostly shorter than 
the petioles; flowers androgynous, mainly pistillate. 

Shady waste places. January to June. Lyon, Brandegee (lists); Avalon 
Valley, Smith 5011; Millsp. 4568; matting the ground in large areas in a cactus 
opening, Cape Canyon, Millsp. 4673, and under cherry trees, Cherry Valley 4798. 
STINGING NETTLE. 


2. U.holosericea Nutt. Jour. Phil. Acad. n.s.1:183 (1847). 
U. gracilis holosericea Jeps. Fl. Calif. 2:367 (1909). 


Stems simple, stout, 1-3 m. high or more, more or less bristly and 
finely pubescent; leaves finely and densely pubescent beneath, less so 
above or with only a few scattering bristles, ovate to lanceolate, 5-10 
cm. long, the upper much shorter, on petioles 1% as long, coarsely 
serrate; stipules narrowly oblong, acute or obtuse, 6-10mm. long; 
staminate flower clusters rather loose, nearly equaling the leaves; 
pistillate denser and shorter; inner sepals ovate, densely hispid, 1 mm. 
long, about equaling the broadly ovate achene. 


Along streams. May to September. Lyon, Brandegee lists: Middle Ranch 
Canyon, Smith 5114, Nuttall 311; Knopf 267. TALL NETTLE. 


2. HESPEROCNIDE Torr. 
Annual herbs distinguished from Urtica by the pistillate perianth, 
which is a membranous flattened oblong-ovate sac, with a minutely 
2-4-toothed orifice. 


’ 


1. H. tenella Torr. Pacif. R. Rept. 4:139 (1857). 

Slender and weak, 25-50 cm. high, simple or branched, somewhat 
hispid with branching hairs and bristly; leaves 1-3cm. long, thin, 
ovate, obtusely serrate; petioles slender, 14 as long; flower clusters 
rather dense, nearly glomerate, shorter than the petioles; calyx thin, 
hispid, with hooked hairs, in fruit I-1.5mm. long; achene mem- 
branous, striately tuberculate with minutely rough points. 


Rich, sandy loam in shady canyon bottoms. March to June. Brandegee list; 
Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4802; Hamilton Canyon, Nuttall 227. COAST NETTLE. 


3. PARIETARIA, L. 


Ours slender annuals without stinging hairs. Leaves alternate, 
entire, 3-nerved, petioled, without stipules. Flowers in axillary 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 81 


glomerate clusters, polygamous, subtended by leafy bracts. Calyx of 
the perfect flowers 4-parted, in the pistillate tubular-ventricose, 4-cleft 
with connivent lobes. Style slender or none; stigma spatulate, 
recurved, densely tufted. Achene ovoid, smooth and shining, enclosed 
in the dry, brownish, nerved calyx. 


1. P.debilis Forst. Ins. Austr. Prodr.73 (1786). 


Very slender, usually diffusely branching from the base, 10-25 cm. 
high, somewhat hispid; leaves 5-10 mm. long or more, broadly ovate, 
obtusé, rounded at the base or abruptly cuneate ; petioles slender, 
about equaling the leaves; achene 1 mm. long. 


Damp, shady places in sary pn. March to May. Lyon 60 (Gray; Field) ; 
Brandegee list; Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4801, 4804; Descanso Canyon, Nuttall 
176, 1155. PELLITORY. 


Order 5.5 POLYGONALES. 


Herbs, twining vines, shrubs or trees, with alternate, or some- 
times opposite or whorled, simple mostly entire leaves, jointed stems, 
and usually sheathing united stipules (ocree). Flowers small, regular, 
perfect, dicecious, moneecious or polygamous. Petals none. Calyx 
inferior, 2-6-cleft or 2-6-parted, the segments or sepals more or less 
imbricated, sometimes petaloid, sometimes developing wings in fruit. 
Stamens 2-9, inserted near the base of the calyx; filaments filiform or 
subulate, often dilated at the base, distinct ‘or united into a ring; 
anthers 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, 
1-celled; ovule solitary, orthotropous, erect or pendulous; style 
2-3-cleft or 2-3-parted, sometimes very short; stigmas capitate or 
tufted, rarely 2-cleft; fruit a lenticular 3-angled or rarely 4-angled 
achene, usually invested by the persistent calyx; endosperm mealy ; 
cotyledons accumbent or incumbent; embryo straight or nearly so. 
Only the following family. 


Family 1. POLYGONACEZ. 
| SMARTWEED FAMILY 
Characters of the order: 


Leaves destitute of sheathing stipules: 
Involucre with distinct bracts or none. 


Bracts present. 1. PTEROSTEGIA. 
Bracts wanting. 2. LASTARRIAEA. 
Involucre turbinate or campanulate. 
Teeth of involucre cuspidate or awned 3. CHORIZANTHE. 
Teeth of involucre not awned. 4. ERtoconumM. 
Leaves with sheathing stipules. 
Sepals 6 the outer 3 smaller. 5. RuMEx. 


Sepals 4-5 similar. 6. Potyconum. 


82 FieLp MuseuM oF Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


1. PTEROSTEGIA F. & Mey. 


Very slender annuals, diffusely dichotomous from the base, with 
opposite leaves and foliaceous bracts. Involucres axillary, sessile, 
solitary, consisting of a single 2-lobed bract, shorter than the solitary 
sessile flower, enlarged) in fruit, scarious and reticulated, loosely 
enclosing the achene, gibbously 2-saccate on the back. Calyx 6-parted 
or rarely 5-parted. Stamens 3-6, inserted at the base of the calyx- 
lobes. Achene triangular, glabrous; cotyledons accumbent. 


1. P.drymarioides F. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop.2:48 (1835). 


Stems several from the base, 10-30cm. long or more; lower — 
leaves petioled, 4-12 mm. long, fan-shaped, 2-lobed, the lobes crenately 
toothed or slightly lobed; upper leaves obovate-spatulate, entire or 
more or less toothed; bracts similar, 2mm. long; involucres 2-3 mm. 
long in fruit, the margins of the lobes toothed or laciniate; flowers 
about 1.5mm. long, sessile; calyx-lobes lanceolate. 


Dry situations especially among beach pebbles where the plants are bright 
madder color. March to June. Lyon and Brandegee lists. Among dry beach 
pebbles mouth of Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4807; along the Eauestrian Trail, Nut- 
tall 731, 157. 


2, LASTARRIZA Remy. 


A small diffuse rigid fragile annual, with the aspect of Chori- 
zanthe. Involucre wanting. Perianth involucre-like, coriaceous, 
tubular, 5-6-cleft to the middle; the narrow teeth rigid, awned, 
recurved and uncinate. Stamens 3, inserted on the throat; filaments 
very short, with small membranous appendages intervening at their 
insertions. Achene triangular; embryo curved. 


1. L.chilensis Remy. Gay. Fl. Chil.5:290 (1849). 


Branches procumbent or ascending, 5-15 cm. long, hirsute ; lowest 
leaves linear, obtuse, hispid-ciliate, 1-2 cm. long, cauline in whorls of 
4-5, unequal; tracts 3-6mm. long, concealing the flowers; perianth 
2-3 mm. long, its tube triquetrous; teeth 5, 3 long and 2 short; anthers 
small, orbicular; style very short. 


Dry hillsides in loose soil. March to May. Brandegee list; “common in 
one canyon where it forms a dense mat on the ground”—Trask. (N. Y. Field). 


3. CHORIZANTHE R. Br. 

Low dichotomously branched annual herbs, with rosulate basal 
leaves and opposite or ternate stem-leaves, often reduced and 
bracteate. “Involucre I-flowered, or rarely 2-3-flowered, tubular or 
funnelform, sessile, 3-6-angled or costate, 3-6-toothed or 3-6-cleft, 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MiIxtspauGH & NutTaLtt 83 


its teeth divaricate, cuspidate or awned. Flowers pedicellate or nearly 
sessile, included within the involucre, or the segments protruding. 
Calyx 6-parted or 6-cleft, colored. Stamens usually 9, rarely 3 or 6, 
adnate to the base of the calyx-tube. Ovary glabrous. 


1. C.staticoides Bth. Tr. Linn. Soc.17:418 (1837). 


Erect or decumbent, rather stout, 1-4dm. high, with spreading 
branches, villous-pubescent, often purplish, leaves all basal, tomentose 
beneath, oblong, obtuse, 2.5-6 cm. long; bracts not acerose; involucres 
in rather close cymes, 3-6 mm. long, the alternate teeth larger, nearly 
equal; flowers nearly sessile, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely 
villous on the midvein, cleft to near the middle; segments oblong, 
entire, the alternate ones about half as long and narrower; stamens 
inserted at base. 

On dry slopes. March to June. Lyon (Gray; Field); Trask (N. Y. Field) ; 
Brandegee list only. 


> 


4. ERIOGONUM, Michx. 


Annual or perennial herbs or rarely shrubs, with basal, alternate 
or verticillate leaves, without stipules, and perfect involucrate flowers. 
Involucre campanulate, turbinate or oblong, 4-8-toothed or 4-8-lobed, 
awnless, usually many-flowered; the more or less exerted pedicels 
intermixed with scarious narrow setaceous bracts or bractlets. 
Perianth 6-parted or deeply 6-cleft, petaloid. Stamens 9, inserted on 
the base of the perianth. Styles 3; stigmas capitate. Achene triangular, 
rarely lenticular. 


Cyme leafy, densely flowered. I. giganteum. 
Cyme leafless, openly flowered. 2. nudum. 


1. E. giganteum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20:371 (1885). 


Freely branching shrub 1.5-23 m. high, bearing its white foliage 
towards the ends of the tomentose or glabrate branches; trunk with 
rough bark, 5 to 20cm. in diameter; leaves leathery, ovate, obtuse, 
5-13 cm. long, white-lanate on both sides or glabrate above, strongly 
veined beneath, the petioles 2.5 to 5 cm. long; peduncles stout, bearing 
a dense tri- or di-chotomously branched compound cyme 10 to 60 cm. 
broad; involucres sessile or pedicellate, somewhat crowded on the 
branchlets, campanulate with very low teeth, almost as if truncate, 
6mm. long, densely close-woolly outside; calyx 3mm. long, densely 
white-hairy toward the cuneate base, its segments broadly obovate, 
rounded at apex, the inner narrower; filaments pubescent at base. 

Dry. open slopes especially near the sea. May to September. Lyon & 


Nevin (Type, Gray); “12 feet high with a trunk a foot in diameter” —Trask 
(N. Y.; Field); Palmer; Toumey; near Avalon, McC!atchie; Brandegee 


84 Frectp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vou. V. 


(Calif.; Field); Smith 5013, 5170; Eastwood 6447; McBride & Payson 840; 
Pendleton 1354, 1383; Hasse (Field) ; Millsp. 4892; Nuttall 566, 793; Knopf 168. 
QUEEN ANNE’S LACE. 


2. E.nudum Dougl. Bth. Tr. Linn. Soc. 17 :413 (1837). Pl. XIV f.2. 
Erigonum grande Greene, Pitton. 1:38 (1887). 
Eriogonum rubescens Greene, ibid. 39. 


Caudex sparingly leafy; scapes rather slender, fistulose, 3-6 din. 
high, sparingly branched above; leaves broadly ovate or oblong, 
obtuse, 1-5 cm. long, on slender petioles, undulate, densely tomentose 
beneath, becoming glabrate above; involucres usually 3-6 in each 
cluster, glabrous or nearly so, 4-6 mm. high; flowers glabrous or some- 
what villous, 2-3 mm. long, white or rose color. 

Dry slopes, especially near the sea. June to January. Lyon 3; Trask; 


Brandegee list; McClatchie; Blake 970; Macbride & Payson 856; Millsp. 4472; 
Nuttall 706, 713, 1162; Knopf 193, 223. TIBINAGUA WILD BUCKWHEAT. 


5. RUMEX L. 


Perennial or annual leafy-stemmed herbs. Stem grooved, usually 
branched. Leaves entire or undulate, flat or crisped, with scarious 
obliquely truncate cylindric sheathing stipules. Flowers green, usually 
perfect, in a simple or compound often panicled raceme. Calyx 
6-parted, the 3 outer sepals unchanged in fruit, the 3 inner ones 
(wings) usually bearing a grain-like callosity on the back, larger and 
enclosing the achene. Stamens 6; filaments short, glabrous; anthers 
oblong. Style 3-parted; stigmas peltate, tufted. Achenes 3-angled. 


Wings undulate or subdentate 2 mm. long. I. salicifolius. 
Wings cordate 3-4 mm. long. 2. crispus. 


1. R.salicifolius Weinm. Flora 4:28 (1821). 


Glabrous and somewhat glaucous; stems ascending or spreading, 
simple or branched, grooved, flexuous, 4-8dm. long; leaves mostly 
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, petioled, not undulate or crisped; 
racemes dense, interrupted below in fruit; flowers in dense clusters ; 
wings 2mm. long, undulate or subdentate, each bearing a large ovoid 
grain; achene 2mm. long, dark red. ; 

In moist situations. May to August. Lyon and Brandegee lists; Middle 


Ranch Canyon, Smith 5111, Nuttall 326; Cottonwood Creek, Nuttall 854; Knopf 
26. WILLOW DOCK. 


2. R.crispus Linn. Sp. Pl. 335 (1753). 


Stems simple or branched above, erect, rather slender, 3-10 dm. 
high; leaves crisped and undulate, the lower oblong or oblong- 
lanceolate, 15-30cm. long, long petioled, the upper narrowly oblong 
or lanceolate, short petioled, all cordate or obtuse at base; panicle 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—Mitispaucu & Nutratt 85 


rather open; racemes simple or compound; flowers rather loosely 
whorled; calyx green; fruiting pedicels about twice the length of the 
wings, jointed near the base; wings cordate, 3-4 mm. long, truncate 
or notched at base, erose-dentate or nearly entire, each bearing a 
grain; achene 2mm. long, dark brown. 


Moist places. May to September. Near Avalon, McClatchie; Fourth 0’ 
July, Millsp. 4793; Middle Ranch below the buildings, Nuttall 895. CURLED 
DOCK. 


6. POLYGONUM L. 


Annual or perennial, terrestrial or aquatic herbs, some species 
woody, with erect prostrate, climbing or floating stems, alternate 
entire leaves, continuous with, or jointed to the cylindric funnel-form 
or two-lobed, often lacerate or fringed ocree; Flowers normally 
perfect, green, white, pink or purpie, variously clustered, the clusters 
terminal or axillary. Pedicels jointed, subtended by ocree or ocreole ; 
calyx 4-5-parted or 4-5-cleft, the outer sepals or segments somewhat 
larger than the inner: stamens 5-9, included or exserted; filaments 
filiform or dilated at the base, glabrous; style 2-3-parted or 2-3-cleft, 
its branches included or exserted; stigmas capitate; achene lenticular 
or 3-angled (rarely 4-angled), invested by or exceeding the calyx. 
Embryo near the end of the seed in one of its angles. 


1. P.aviculare Linn. Sp. Pl.362 (1753). 


Annual or commonly perennial, slender, glabrous, dull green or 
bluish green; stem prostrate or ascending, 1-7dm. long. Leaves 
oblong, linear or oblanceolate, 0.5-2cm. long, jointed to the ocree, 
narrowed at the base, usually acute at the apex, not conspicuously 
veined; ocrez oblique, silvery, 2-parted or at length lacerate; clusters 
axillary, 1-5-flowered; calyx green, 5-parted, the lobes with a white 
or pink border; stamens 5-8; style short, 3-parted to near the base; 
achene 3-angled, ovoid, 2 mm. long, acute, reticulated. 

A weed in waste places. May to September. Avalon Valley, Bartholomew; 


field opposite Chicken Johnny’s, Nuttall 208; near gate by Catholic Church, 
Knopf 154. KNOTGRASS. DOORWEED. 


Order 6. CHENOPODIALES. 


Herbs, mostly with perfect flowers. Calyx present. Corolla, if 
present, polypetalous. Ovary superior. Embryo coiled, curved or 
annular. Fruit not an achene, rarely achene-like. 


Fruit a berry, utricle or achene: 
Fruit a utricle: 
Bracts not scarious I. CHENOPODIACEAE. 
Bracts scarious 2. AMARANTHACEAE, 


86 FreLD Museum or NaturAL History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


Fruit not a utricle; 


Fruit an anthocarp. 3. ALLIONIACEAE. 
Fruit a capsule: 
Capsule 2-several celled 4. AIZOACEAE, 
Capsule 1-celled: 
Sepals 2 5. PORTULACACEAE. 
Sepals 4 or 5: 
Sepals united, ovary stipitate 6. ALSINACEAE. 
Sepals distinct, ovary sessile 7. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 


Family 1. CHENOPODIACEZ:.* 
GOOSEFOOT FAMILY 


Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs, with angled striate or 
terete stems. Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite, estipulate, 
simple, entire, toothed or lobed, mostly petioled (in Arthrocnemum 
reduced to mere scales). Flowers small, green or greenish, regular or 
slightly irregular, variously clustered, occasionally solitary in the 
axils. Petals none. Calyx persistent, 2-5-lobed, 2-5-parted or rarely 
reduced to single sepal, wanting in the pistillate flowers of some 
genera. Stamens as many as the lobes or divisions of the calyx, or 
fewer, and opposite them; filaments slender; anthers 2-celled, longi- 
tudinally dehiscent. Disk usually none. Ovary I-celled; ovule solitary, 
amphitropous; styles 1-3; stigmas capitate, or 2-3-lobed or divided. 
Fruit a utricle, with a thin or coriaceous pericarp. Seed vertical or 
horizontal; endosperm mealy, fleshy or wanting. 


Endosperm central: 
Plants leafy: 
Flowers perfect all of one kind: 


Solitary. Stamens 1 1. APHANISMA. 
Clustered. Stamens 5 2. CHENOPODIUM. 
Flowers unisexual, of two kinds 3. ATRIPLEX. 
Plants leafless, leaves reduced to scales 4. ARTHROCNEMUM. 
Endosperm lateral or wanting 5. Donopta. 


1. APHANISMA Nutt 


Slender glabrous annuals, with alternate sessile entire leaves, 
and axillary mostly solitary perfect bractless flowers. Calyx 3-cleft, 
with concave segments unchanged in fruit. Stamen 1; filament short. 
Ovary depressed ; style shortly 2-3-cleft; pericarp somewhat 5-angled, 
rather thick and indurate. Seed horizontal with very thin crustaceous 
testa. Embryo annular, surrounding the copious endosperm. 


1. A. blitoides Nutt. Mocq. in DC. Prodr. 13.2:54 (1849) 


Stems ascending, branched, 3-7.5 dm. high; leaves thin, oblanceo- 
late to ovate-oblong, the upper ones ovate, acute, 6-15 mm. long; 
calyx minute; its lobes ovate, obtuse, closely appressed to the base of 


*Determinations by Paul C. Standley. 


Fora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MItispauGH & NuttTatt 87 


the fruit; fruit 1 mm. broad; seed shining, punctulate-rugose. 


In dry situations near the sea. May to August. Lyon; on old Indian 
mounds at Little Harbor, Trask. 


* 2. CHENOPODIUM Linn. 


Annual or perennial herbs, with alternate petioled leaves. [lowers 
small, green, perfect, sessile, bractless, clustered. Calyx 2-5-parted 
or 2-5-lobed, embracing or enclosing the utricle, its segments or lobes 
often keeled or ridged. Stamens 1-5; filaments filiform or slender. 
Styles 2 or 3; seed horizontal or vertical, sometimes in both positions 
in different flowers of the same species; endosperm mealy; embryo 
completely or incompletely annular. 


Annuals. Calyx deeply parted into lobes or segments: 


Erect, leaves light green t, album 
Diffuse, leaves dark green 2. murale 
Perennials. Calyx merely toothed or cleft. 3. californicum 


Pe! Sibu Linn, Sp. Pl. 219°. (1753). 


Erect annual, 3-20 dm. high, usually much branched, the branches 
stout or slender, ascending, sometimes from a spreading base, obtusely 
angled, striate, pale-green, mostly glabrate; petioles slender, one half 
to one third as long as the blades or rarely equaling them; leaf-blades 
oval-rhombic, rarely ovate or lanceolate, 2.5-8 cm. long, usually con- 
spicuously longer than broad, obtuse or rounded at the apex, apiculate,- 
often shallowly 3-lobed, irregularly sinuate-dentate, sinuate, or 
sinuate-serrate, rarely subentire, mostly thick, pale-green and glabrate 
above, very finely and commonly densely farinose beneath, the upper 
blades reduced, ovate to lanceolate, usually entire, acute, mucronate, 
not hastate; flowers in large glomerules, these in dense, stout, erect 
or ascending, paniculate spikes, the inflorescence usually narrow and 
compact, rarely lax, grayish-green, sparsely leafy; calyx copiously 
and finely farinose, deeply lobed, the lobes green, white-margined, 
acutely carinate, completely enclosing the fruit; pericarp adherent ; 
seed horizontal, 1.3-1.5 mm. broad, nearly smooth, black and shining, 
the margin obtuse. 

Waste grounds. December to July. Vicinity of Avalon, Trask; Brande- 
nt 4741; Nuttall 303, 327; Knopf 162. LAMB’S QUARTERS, PIG- 


2. \C.murale Linn. Sp. Pl. 219: (1753). 


Annual, somewhat scurfy above; stem 3-8 dm. high, leafy to the 
summit. Leaves rhombic-ovate, thin, bright green, acute or acuminate, 
sharply and coarsely sinuate-dentate, cuneate or subtruncate at the 
base, slender-petioled, 5-10 cm. long; flowers in loose axillary panicles 
often not longer than the petioles; calyx-segments not entirely enclos- 
ing the utricle; seed sharp-edged, horizontal, firmly attached to the 
pericarp. 


88 Fretp Museum or NaturaL History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


Waste grounds and ditches. February to July. Vicinity of Avalon. 
Trask; Brandegee; Smith 5071; Millsp. 4477; 4662. GOOSEFOOT. 


3. C.californicum Wats. Bot. Calif.2:48 (1880). 


Erect or ascending perennial from a thick elongate fleshy root, 
sparsely farinose on the younger parts, glabrate in age; stems stout, 
2-8 dm. high, several from each root, mostly simple; petioles slender, 
those of the lower leaves equaling or exceeding the blades, the upper- 
most leaves subsessile ; leaf-blades triangular, 5-11 cm. long and nearly 
as broad, acute or obtuse, hastately lobed at the base, coarsely, deeply, 
and irregularly lacinate-dentate or sinuate-dentate throughout, bright- 
green, the upper blades much reduced; flowers in few or many- 
flowered glomerules arranged in dense, nearly naked, terminal spikes 
6-18cm. long, the lower glomerules often pedunculate and_ their 
flowers long-pedicellate; calyx green, herbaceous, cleft to about the 
middle, the lobes broadly oblong, rounded, truncate, or emarginate, 
shorter than the fruit; stamens 5; styles elongate; pericarp adherent ; 
seed vertical, compressed-globose, 2 mm, in diameter. 

In shade of trees in canyon bottoms. January to May. Trask; Brandegee; 
Avalon Valley, Smith 4984, Millsp. 4518, 4658, Nuttall 588; Pebble Beach Can- 
yon, Millsp. 4696; White’s Valley and Swain’s Canyon, Knopf 90, Millsp. 4597; 
Equestrian Trail, Nuttall ror, 164. SOAP PLANT. The parsnip-like root has 
been largely used as a detergent in lieu of soap. 


3. ATRIPLEX Linn. 


Herbs or low shrubs, often scurfy-canescent or silvery. Leaves 
alternate, or some of them opposite. Flowers dicecious or moncecious, 
small, green, in panicled spikes or capitate-clustered in the axils. 
Staminate flowers bractless, consisting of a 3-5-parted calyx and an 
equal number of stamens; filaments separate or united by their bases; 
a rudimentary ovary sometimes present. Pistillate flowers subtended 
by 2 bractlets which enlarge in fruit and are more or less united, 
sometimes quite to their summits; perianth none; stigmas 2. Utricle 
completely or partially enclosed by the fruiting bractlets. Seed vertical 
or rarely horizontal; embryo annular; endosperm mealy. 


Annuals: 
Staminate flowers in naked terminal spikes: 
in auxiliary clusters I. pacifica 
Staminate flowers in naked terminal spikes: 
Plants erect or suffruticose 2. Coulteri 
Plants decumbent bracts 4 mm. long 3. Watsoni 
Perennials : 
Fruiting bracts not red and fleshy: 
Bracts laciniately toothed 2mm. long 4. Serenana 
Bracts entire 3-4mm. long: 
Leaves thin, mealy 5. californica 
Leaves thick, white-scurfy 6. leucophylla 
Bracts entire, convex 7. Brewer 


Fruiting bracts red and fleshy 8. semibaccata 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MiItisepaucH & NuTTatt 8&9 


1. A. pacifica A. Nels. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17:99 (1904). 
Atriplex microcarpa D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 5:536 (1852) not Waldst. 
& Kit. (1812). 


Prostrate annual, much branched, the branches slender, 1-4 dm. 
long, obtusely angled, furfuraceous when young, glabrate in age, 
sometimes tinged with red; leaves numerous, alternate, sessile or the 
lower short-petiolate, the blades oval, oblong, or obovate-oblong, 6-13 
mim. long, acute or obtuse at the apex, often mucronulate, cuneate at 
the base, thin, closely furfuraceous; flowers moncecious, the staminate 
glomerules mostly in the upper axils, often large, the pistillate flowers 
in small clusters in the lower axils; calyx deeply 5-cleft; fruiting 
bracts suborbicular or obovate, I-1.5 mm. long, sessile, united to above 
the middle, the apex green, minutely denticulate with 3-5 teeth, the 
sides smooth or rarely slightly tuberculate; seed 0.8-1 mm. long, the 
radicle superior. 

Dry, open situations. March to July. Trask (as A. decumbens) ; vicinity 
of Avalon; McClatchie; Pendleton 1422; Reed 2850; summit of Black Jack, alt. 
2,000 ft., Nuttall 640. 


2. A.Coulteri (Mog.) D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 5:537 (1852). 
Obione Coultert Moq. DC. Prodr.13.2:113 (1849). 


Annual or usually perennial, sometimes suffrutescent at the base, 
much branched, the branches slender or stout, 0.7-10 dm. long, terete, 
furfuraceous, often glabrate in age, frequently tinged with red; leaves 
numerous, alternate, sessile or short-petiolate, the blades obovate, 
oblong, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 7-15 mm. long, obtuse to acuminate 
at the apex, cuneate at. the base, entire, thin, rather loosely furfura- 
ceous; flowers moncecious, the staminate in rather large glomerules, 
these in the upper axils or in short naked terminal spikes, the pistillate 
flowers in small axillary clusters; fruiting bracts sessile, united to the 
middle, not compressed, 2-3 mm. long, the margins green, deeply and 
acutely dentate, the terminal tooth longest, the sides nerved, not 
appendaged; seed 1.5 mm. long, brown, the radicle superior. 

Low flats near the sea. November to July. Lyon; Brandegee; sand flat at 


the Ithmus, Macbride & Payson 870; Trask (hb. U. S.); Nuttall 219; Pacific 
Slope of the Salta Verde, Knopf 348; Grant & Wheeler 82a/2313. SALTBUSH. 


3. A. Watsoni A. Nels. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17:99. (1904). 
Atriplex decumbens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12:275 (1877) 
notR.& S. (1820). . 


Perennial, fruticose only at the base, much branched from the 
base, the stems 2-10dm. long, prostrate or decumbent, slender or 
stout, densely furfuraceous; leaves very numerous, mostly opposite, 
sessile, the blades broadly ovate to ovate-oblong or oval, 0.8-1.5 cm. 
long, 3-8 mm. wide, acute or acutish at the apex, obtuse or rounded at 
the base, entire, subcoriaceous, densely furfuraceous with yellowish- 
white scales; flowers dicecious, the staminate in large glomerules 


go => Firtp Museum oF Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V. 


arranged in slender or stout, short, interrupted, usually simple, naked, 
terminal spikes, the pistillate ones in small axillary clusters shorter 
than the leaves; calyx 5-cleft; fruiting bracts sessile or short-pedicel- 
late, triangular or rhombic, 4-6mm. long and of the same breadth, 
compressed, coriaceous, united to above the middle, acute, sparsely 
denticulate above or rarely entire, not at all herbaceous, not append- 
aged on the sides; seed 1.5 mm. long, brown. 

Salt flats. April to August. At the head of Catalina Harbor, Grant & 
sae 82a/2313; Pendleton 1426, 1427; Millsp. 4787; Nuttall 221, 811. SALT- 


4. A. Serenana A. Nels. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17:99 (1904). 
Atriplex bracteosa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. g:115 (1874) 
not Trautv. (1870). 


Erect or decumbent annual, 3-10dm. high, usually much 
branched, the branches stout, obtusely angled, furfuraceous when 
young, glabrate in age; leaves numerous, alternate, sessile or sub- 
sessile, the blades oblong, oval, or lance-oblong, 1.5-8.5 cm. long, 
0.4-4 cm. wide, obtuse or acute at the apex, mucronate, cuneate at the 
base, acutely dentate, or the upper blades mostly entire, thin, sparsely 
farinose, the leaves appearing green or _ grayish-green; flowers 
moncecious, the large staminate glomerules in dense or interrupted, 
narrowly paniculate or rarely simple, naked spikes; calyx deeply 
5-cleft; pistillate flowers in few-flowered axillary clusters; fruiting 
bracts cuneate-orbicular, 2-3 mm. long, united below, the herbaceous 
margins deeply dentate, the terminal tooth usually longer than the 
lateral ones, the sides usually conspicuously tuberculate; seed 
I-1.5 mm. long, brown, the radicle superior. 


Silt of low lands near the coast. June to August. Near the fork of the 
road at Pebble Beach, Knopf 161; Nuttall 303. 


5. A. californica Moq. DC. Prodr.13.2:98 (1849). 


Perennial from a fleshy fusiform root, much branched, the 
branches slender, prostrate or sometimes ascending, 1.5-5 dm. long, 
terete, furfuraceous-canescent; leaves numerous, often crowded, 
alternate, or the lower opposite, the blades elliptic to lanceolate or 
oblanceolate, 0.6-2cm. long, 5mm. wide or less, acute at each end, 
sessile, entire, furfuraceous-canescent; flowers moncecious, in dense 
axillary clusters, forming stout, dense, leafy or nearly naked spikes; 
calyx deeply 4-cleft; fruiting bracts sessile, ovate or broadly ovate, 
3mm. long, free, thin, acute, entire, green; seed 1 mm. long, black, the 
radicle lateral. 


Sands and bluffs of the sea coast. March to June. Vicinity of Avalon, 
Trask; McClatchie. 


6. A. leucophylla (Mog.) D. Dietr. Syn. Pl.5:536 (1852). 
Obione leucophylla Mog. DC. Prodr. 13.2:109 (1849). 


Procumbent or decumbent perennial, fruticose only at the base, 


Fora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MittspaucH & NUTTALL QI 


much branched, the stems 3-10 dm. long, terete, stout, densely and 
coarsely furfuraceous; leaves alternate, numerous, sessile, the blades 
orbicular to oval or oblong, 1.2-4 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. wide, rounded or 
obtuse at the apex, or the uppermost acutish, broadly cuneate or 
rounded at the base, entire, subcoriaceous, densely yellowish- or brown- 
ish-furfuraceous; flowers monoecious, the staminate glomerules in 
dense, stout, terminal, mostly simple spikes, the pistillate in few- 
flowered axillary clusters; calyx 5-cleft; fruiting - bracts sessile, 
spongious, not compressed, rounded-ovate, acutish, united to above 
the middle, entire or dentate, usually with numerous short, stout, 
often flattened appendages on the sides, densely and coarsely furfur- 
aceous ; seed 2-3 mm. long, the radicle superior. 

Sandy beaches. July to October. Head of Catalina Harbor, Trask; Reed 


2855; Nuttall 217; in dense mats just above high tide at Little Harbor, Knopf 
189. SALT GRASS. 


7. A. Breweri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad-g:118 (1874). 


Erect shrub, 15-25 dm. high, much branched, the branches slender, 
terete or obtusely angled, unarmed, ascending or spreading, densely 
furfuraceous when young, becoming glabrate and pale-brown; leaf- 
blades deltoid-ovate or rhombic, 1.5-5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at 
the apex, mucronulate, cuneate at the base or subtruncate or rounded 
and abruptly decurrent to the short stout petiole, rather thin, closely 
furfuraceous on both surfaces, pinnately veined, the lateral veins few, 
divergent or ascending; flowers dioecious, the staminate ones in dense 
glomerules 2-3 mm. in diameter, these in dense or interrupted, slender, 
paniculate spikes, the inflorescence leafy or nearly naked; pistillate 
flowers arranged in slender dense spikes, these forming a broad, nearly 
naked, much branched panicle, the branches slender, often drooping ; 
calyx deeply 4- or 5-cleft, furfuraceous; fruiting bracts orbicular or 
ovate-orbicular, entire, 2-3 mm. long, strongly convex, slightly scurfy, 
pale-yellowish ; seed 1.2-1.5 mm. long, compressed, reddish-brown, the 
radicle ascending. 


Near the sea. January to May. Trask; a large spreading clump 6 feet 
high near the beach line at White’s Landing, Millsp. 4586. 


8. A.semibaccata R. Br. Prodr. 406 (1810). 


Prostrate perennial, suffrutescent at the base, much branched, 
the branches slender, terete, 3-10dm. long, whitish, sparsely furfur- 
aceous or glabrate; leaves numerous, alternate, short-petiolate, the 
blades oblong or obovate-oblong, 1-3.5 cm. long, 2-9 mm. wide, obtuse 
or acute, cuneate to attenuate at the base, irregularly and remotely 
repand-dentate, or the upper entire, thin, densely and finely white- 
furfuraceous beneath, usually glabrate and green on the upper 
surface; flowers monoecious, solitary or in small clusters in the axils, 
the staminate clusters usually in terminal glomerules; fruiting bracts 
sessile, rhombic, 4-5 mm. long, united at the base, compressed, the 
margins denticulate or entire, the sides nerved, not appendaged, the 


92 Fretp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vot. V. 


bracts becoming red and somewhat fleshy at maturity; seeds 2mm. 
long, dark-brown, the radicle lateral. 


Dry, open grounds generally. Flowers and fruits the year around. An 
Australian plant greatly relished by sheep. It grows in dense mats and spreads 
rapidly. Hillsides near Avalon, Millsp. 4504, Knopf 256; Pebble Beach, Nuttall, 
193; Pacific Slope of the Salta Verde, Knopf 348; Isthmus, Nuttall 219. AUS- 
TRALIAN SALTBUSH. DOUGLASS. 


4. ARTHROCNEMUM Mog. 


Erect or decumbent, glabrous, fleshy shrubs with opposite articu- 
late branches, the joints dilated at the apex ino a short sheath. Flowers 
perfect, free or nearly so, immersed in groups of 3 on the opposite 
sides of the joints, the flowering joints forming cylindric terminal 
spikes, or sometimes only the lower joints of the stems floriferous. | 
Perianth obpyramidal or oval, spongious or slightly inflated in fruit, 
3- or 4-dentate at the apex, the lateral teeth larger than the others. 
Stamens 2. Ovary oval, somewhat compressed ; style elongate ; stigmas 
2, slender. Urticle oval, thin or indurate, included in the perianth. 
Seed erect, oblong, compressed, glabrous; embryo curved, surrounding 
the copious endosperm; radicle inferior. 


1. A. subterminale (Parish) Standl. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 4:399 
(1914). 
Salicornia ambigua S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. g:125, pt. (1874) 
not Michx. (1803). 
Salicornia subterminalis Parish, Eryth.6:87 (1898). 


Shrub, 2-4 dm. high, densely branched, the branches green, ascend- 
ing or erect, or the basal ones often decumbent, the joints 0.2-2.6 cm. 
long, 1.5-2.5 cm, in diameter, expanded at the apex into a short, trun- 
cate or bilobate sheath, the lobes obtuse or acutish; flowering joints 
borne on the lower part of the branches or forming terminal spikes, the 
spikes 3.5 cm. long or shorter, composed of few or numerous joints, 
these about as broad as long; flowers subequal, borne near the base 
of the joint and reaching half way to the apex; seed brown, I mm. 
long. 

Saline mud flats. January to August. In the mud flat at the head of 


Catalina Harbor, Trask; Brandegee; Millsp 4610, 4611; Nuttall 223, 802; Little 
Harbor, Nuttall 1160. SAMPHIRE. GLASSWORT. 


5. DONDIA Adans. 


Fleshy herbs or low shrubs, with alternate narrowly linear, thick 
or nearly terete, entire sessile leaves, and perfect or polygamous brac- 
teolate flowers, solitary or clustered in the upper axils. Calyx 5-parted 
or 5-cleft, the segments in fruit enclosing the utricle. Stamens 5. 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspAuUGH & NUTTALL 93 


Styles usually 2, short. Pericarp separating from the seed. Embryo 
coiled into a flat spiral. Endosperm wanting or very little. 


Stems and leaves glabrous or nearly so. 1. californica 
Stems and leaves densely tomentose 2. taxifolia. 


1. D. californica (Wats.) Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl.3 (1898). 

Suaeda californica S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9:89 (1874). 

Glaucous, glabrous or sparsely villous, ascending or decumbent, 
branched perennial, 2-8 dm. high, the branches very stout, frutescent 
below, densely leafy, or the leaves deciduous below; leaves subterete 
1.5-3.5 cm. long, ascending or suberect, acute or acuminate, those of 
the inflorescence little reduced ; flowers I or 2 in each axil; calyx deeply 
cleft, glaucous, the lobes obtuse or acutish, rounded on the back; seed 
vertical or horizontal, 1.5-2 mm. broad, black, shining. 


Salt marshes. March to August. Mud flat at the head of Catalina Harbor 
and base of Ballast Point, Trask; Reed 2858; Millsp. 4923. 


2. D.taxifolia Standley, N. A. Floraz1:91 (1916). 
Suaeda Torreyana S. Wats. Bot. Calif.2:59 pt. (1880). 
Dondia californica Abrams, Fl. Los. Ang. 131 pt. (1904). 


Green, much branched perennial, 2-12 dm. high, copiously tomen- 
tulose or short-villous throughout; branches very stout, 3-7 mm. in 
diameter, paniculately branched, the ultimate branches ascending; 
leaves terete, 12-25 mm. long, acute or acuminate, ascending or spread- 
ing, crowded, those of the inflorescence little reduced; flowers globose, 
2.5-3 mm. broad, 1-4 in each axil; bractlets acuminate or attenuate; 
calyx densely pubescent, cleft to the middle or lower, the lobes obtuse 
or acute, rounded on the back; seeds usually vertical, 1.5-2 mm. long, 
black. 


Saline mudflats. May to August. Shores of Catalina Harbor, Pendleton 
1423; Macbride & Payson 865; Nuttall 805, 225. 


Family 2.5 AMARANTHACEZ. 
PIGWEED FAMILY, 


Herbs, or a few genera low shrubs, with simple, mostly entire, 
thin leaves. Flowers small, green or white, bracteolate, variously clus- 
tered, usually in terminal spikes or axillary heads. Petals none. Calyx 
herbaceous or membranous, 2-5 parted, the segments distinct, or united 
at the base, equal, or the inner ones smaller. Stamens I-5, mostly 
opposite the calyx-segments, hypogynous; filaments distinct, united at 
the base, or into a tube. Ovary I-celled; ovule solitary in the majority 
of genera, amphitropous, several in some tropical genera; stigmas I-3. 
Fruit a utricle, circumcissile, bursting irregularly, or indehiscent, 
1-seeded or several-seeded. Seeds mostly smooth; embryo annular; 
endosperm mealy, usually copious. 


O4 Fretp Museum or NaturaL History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


1. AMARANTHUS Linn. 


Annual branched erect or diffusely spreading glabrous or pubes- 
cent herbs, with petioled pinnately veined leaves and small moncecious 
polygamous or dioecious, green or purplish, mostly 3-bracteolate flow- 
ers in dense terminal spikes or axillary clusters. Calyx of 1-5 distinct 
sepals. Stamens 1-5; anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Styles or stig- 
mas 2 or 3. Fruit an ovoid or oblong utricle, 1-seeded, 2-3-beaked by 
the styles. Embryo annular. 


1. A.grecizans Linn. Sp. Pl.ggo (1753). 

Amaranthus albus Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1404 (1763). 

Stems freely and rigidly branching, 3.3-9.1 or 12.2 dm. high, com- 
monly of bushy outline; herbage light or somewhat yellowish-green 
glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong-spatulate or obvate, 8.4-16.8 mm. 
long ; flowers in clusters in short, axillary spikes ; bracts subulate, 2.1-3.1 
mm. long, much longer than the sepals; sepals 3, oblong, acute or 
obtuse, thin, shorter than the rugose utricle. 


A weed of waste places and cultivated ground. May to September. So far 
only known on the island through the report of McClatchie in Erythea 2:70. 
TUMBLEWEED. 


Family 3. ALLIONIACE. 
(Nyctaginaceae ) 
FOUR O'CLOCK FAMILY. 


Herbs, some tropical genera trees or shrubs, with simple entire 
leaves, and regular flowers in clusters, in many of the genera subtended 
by involucres. Petals none. Calyx inferior, usually corolla-like, its 
limb 4-5-lobed or 4-5-toothed. Stamens hypogynous ; filaments filiform ; 
anthers 2-celled, dehiscent by lateral slits. Ovary enclosed by the tube 
of the perianth, 1-celled, 1-ovuled; ovule campylotropous; stigma 
capitate. Fruit a ribbed grooved or winged anthocarp. 


Fruit winged 1. ABRONIA. 
Fruit not winged 2. HESPERONIA. 


1. ABRONIA Juss. 


Ours perennial herbs, often prostrate and more or less viscid- 
pubescent, with thick opposite unequal leaves. Involucres of 5-15 
somewhat scarious leaflets, enclosing numerous sessile, showy and fra- 
grant flowers. Calyx salver-shaped, the lobes usually 5, obcordate or 
emarginate. Staments usually 5, unequal, adnate to the calyx-tube 
and included. Style included; stigma linear-clavate. Fruit indurated, 
3-5-winged ; achene smooth, cylindric. Embryo with only 1 cotyledon. 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLsPAuGH & NUTTALL 95 


1. A. maritima Nutt. Watson, Bot. Calif.2:4 (1880). 

Stems stout, the lower portion usually buried in drifting sand, 
prostrate, succulent and viscid; leaves thick, broadly ovate to oblong, 
cuneate or rounded at base, 3-5 cm. long, vertical on stout petioles of 
about the same length; peduncles slightly exceeding the leaves; in- 
volucral bracts short, ovate-oblong, enclosing 10-15 flowers, forming 
a narrow head; calyx 1cm. long, deep red; fruit viscid-pubescent ; 
wings rather thick. 


On the sea strand beaches. April to June. Trask; Brandegee; McClatchie; 
beach at mouth of Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6466; dunes of the north-west 
beach at Little Harbor, Nuttal 813; White’s Landing, Knopf 3809. SAND VER- 
BENA. 


2. HESPERONIA Stand. 


Perennial herbs; leaves opposite, thick, entire, petioled or sessile ; 
inflorescence axillary._or terminal; involucres campanulate, composed 
of 5 bracts which are united by their bases for about half their length, 
not enlarged in fruit; flowers I in each involucre; perinath campanu- 
late, white or purplish red; stamens usually 5, distinct; fruit ellipsoidal 
or spherical, not angled or ribbed, smooth or sometimes very faintly 
tuberculate, glabrous. 


1. H. californica Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12:364 (1909). 
Mirabilis californica Gray. Bot. Mex. Bound. 173 (1859). 


Stems ascending or spreading from a somewhat woody base, 3-6 
dm. long; herbage. viscid-pubescent ; leaves rather thick, 1-3 cm. long, 
broadly ovate to cordate, obtuse to acute; petioles slender, 1-2 cm. 
long; involucre about 6mm. long, acutely 5-cleft to near the middle; 
calyx narrowly campanulate, 10 mm. long, the lobes spreading, emar- 
ginate ; stamens equaling the calyx and nearly equaling the style; fruit 
ovate, smooth, 3 mm. long. 

Dry hillsides everywhere. Blooms the year around. Lyon; Trask; Bran- 
degee; Pebble Beach, Parish 10763; Avalon vicinity, Eastwood 6443, Pendleton 
1367, Nuttall 21, Smith 4986; Descanso Canyon, Millsp. 4497; Big Wash Can- 


yon, Nuttall 686; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 3, 59. FOUR-O’CLOCK, 
WISHBONE-BUSH. 


Family 4. AIZOACEZ. 
CARPET-WEED FAMILY 


Ours prostrate or decumbent herbs. Flowers perfect and regular 
either solitary or clustered. Calyx 4 or 5-lobed or -parted, either free 
from or more or less adnate to the ovary. Stamens hypogynous or 
commonly perigynous, fewer than the sepals or more numerous. Fruit 
a loculicidal or circumscissile capsule or indehiscent. 


96  Fievp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vor. V. 


I. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM L. 


Ours very fleshy maritime herbs, with opposite estipulate leaves. 
Flowers large and showy, terminal and in the forks of the branches. 
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the lobes 5, unequal, herbaceous. Petals 
numerous, linear. Stamens very numerous, with slender filaments, 
inserted with the petals on the tube of the calyx. Capsule 4-20-celled, 
with’ as many styles, dehiscing at the depressed summit by stellate 
valves. Seeds many, minute. 


Leaves smooth, opposite. 1. zquilaterale. 
Leaves scaly-vescicular, alternate: 
Leaves flat, ovate to spatulate 2. crystallinum 
Leaves semiterete, linear 3. nodiflorum 


1. M. equilaterale Haw. Misc. Nat.77 (1803). 


Perennial, with stout prostrate or ascending stems and short ascend- 
ing flowering branches ; leaves very fleshy, opposite and clasping, linear, 
actuely triangular, 5 to 15cm. long, smooth; flowers solitary, red, 
pedicellate or nearly sessile, about 7.5cm. in diameter; calyx-tube 
turbinate, 12.7mm. long or more, angled or terete; the larger lobes 
often as long: stigmas 6 to Io. 


Near the sea shore. March to June. At various points along the eastern 
coast line. Observed but not collected by uss BEACH STRAWBERRY. 
The fruits are edible and pleasant. 


2. M.crystallinum Linn. Sp. Pl. 480 (1753). 


Annual or biennial, diffusely procumbent, covered with large white 
glistening papillae: leaves flat, fleshy, often alternate on the branches, 
clasping, ovate or spatulate, undulate: flowers axillary, nearly sessile, 
white or rose-colored: calyx-tube campanulate, terete, 5.5-7 mm. long; 
lobes ovate, retuse or acute: stigmas 5. 


Dry or sandy places near the coast. May to August. Lyon, Brandegee 
(lists); Eastwood 6450; fields near Catalina Harbor, Millsp 4622, Nuttall 220, 
812. ICE PLANT. 


3. M.nodiflorum Linn. loc. cit. 


Stems several from the base, prostrate or ascending ; herbage cov- 
ered with fine vesicles; leaves linear, 1.5-2.7cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; 
flowers solitary in the axils, subsessile or shortly peduncled; petals 
white, minute, much shorter than the calyx-lobes. 


Dry fields and sands near the coast. May to September. Brandegee, Hasse; 
Blake 966; Macbride & Payson 869; at the Isthmus near Catalina Harbor, 
Millsp. 4623, Nuttall 226; Pacific Slope of the Salta Verde, Knopf 388; Pebble 
Beach, Nuttall 194. FIG MARIGOLD. 


Fiora oF SANTA CaTALINA IsLanD—MiI.tispaucH & NUTTALL 97 


Family 5. PORTULACACEZ. 
PURSLANE FAMILY. 


More or less succulent herbs, with simple and entire leaves (either 
opposite or alternate), and regular but unsymmetrical perfect flowers; 
the sepals only 2, while the petals are from 2 to 5 or more; the stamens 
opposite the petals when of the same number or fewer; the ovary 
I-celled with few or many campylotropous or amphitropous ovules on 
a free central placenta, in fruit becoming capsular; the seeds with a 
slender embryo curved or coiled on the outside of farinaceous albumen, 
as in Caryophyllacee. — Ovary free and the parts of the flower hy- 
pogynous, except in Portulaca. Stamens sometimes indefinitely num- 
erous, commonly adhering to the base of the petals; these sometimes 
united at base. Style 2-8-cleft; the stigmas occupying the inner face 
of the lobes. Stipules none, or scarious, or reduced to hairs. Flow- 
ers open only in sunshine or bright daylight, in many ephemeral, in 
some opening for two or three days. 


Stamens more than 5, seeds many 1. CALANDRINIA. 
Stamens usually 3, seeds few 2. Monrria. 


1. CALANDRINIA HBK. 
Sepals 2, green, persistent. Petals mostly 5 (3 to 10). Stamens 
5 to 15, indefinite. Ovary free, many-ovuled: style 3-cleft, short. 
Capsule globose or ovoid, membranaceous, 3-valved. Seeds black, 
usually shining, smooth or minutely tuberculate—Low succulent 
herbs ; with alternate or radical leaves, and purplish ephemeral flowers 
in bracteate racemes or panicles, or few upon short scape-like stems. 


Leaves cauline, seeds shining 1. Menziesii 
Leaves rosulate, seeds dull : 2. maritima 


1. C. Menziesii (Hook.) T. & G. Fl.1:197 (1838). 


Talinum Menziesi Hook. Fl. Bor. Am.1:223 (1833). 
Calandrinia caulescens Menziesti Gray. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 227 
(1887). 


Glabrous or slightly pubescent, branching from the base, the 
stems ascending; leaves linear to oblanceolate, the lower on slender 
petioles, 5 to 15cm. long; racemes simple; peduncles erect or ascend- 
ing; sepals keeled, the calyx 4-angled in bud: petals broadly obovate, 
red to purple, 4.2-12.7 mm. long: capsule ovate, acute or acuminate, 7 to 
12mm. long, about equalling or a little exceeding the ovate acute or 
acuminate sepals: seeds shining, minutely tuberculate, 2 to 3.5 mm. 
broad. 


Moist, sunny slopes. March to May. Trask (N. Y., Field); Brandegee 
list; on newly turned soil part way up Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 255. KISSES. 


98 Fretp MuseuM or Natura History—Botany, Vou. V. 


2. C.maritima Nutt T. & Gr. FI. ibid. 


Glaucous: stems spreading, 7.6 to 12.7cm. high, with small 
bract-like leaves above the base: lower leaves obovate or obovate- 
spatulate, 2.6cm. long, fleshy, obtuse: flowers in a loose dichotomous 
terminal panicle, on slender pedicels, “red, rather large and showy”: 
sepals ovate, acute: capsule oblong-ovate, 4.2 mm. long, exceeding the 
sepals, acutish. 


On “break off” near the sea. March. Trask (N. Y., Field). SEA KISSES. 


2. MONTIA L. 


Low glabrous and succulent herbs with delicate pale rose-colored 
or white flowers in loose axillary or terminal, simple or compound 
racemes. Sepals 2, rarely 3, persistent. Petals usually 5, rarely 3 
or wanting, more or less united at base, usually slightly unequal. 
Stamens 3-5, inserted on the corolla opposite the lobes. Ovary 3- 
ovuled. Capsule 3-valved, 3-seeded. 


i. M. perfoliata (Donn.) Howell, Eryth. 1:38 (1893). 
Claytonia perfoliata Donn. Ind. Hort. Cantab. 25 (1790). 


Stems 5-30.5cm. high: radical leaves long-petioled, broadly 
rhomboidal, or deltoid, or deltoid-cordate, 1.4-7.5 cm. broad, obtuse; 
the cauline pair more or less united upon one or both sides, usually 
forming a single somewhat orbicular perfoliate leaf, 1.4-5cm. in 
diameter, concave above: racemes simple or compound, usually nearly 
sessile and loosely flowered, the short pedicels often secund: petals 
2,1 or 4.2mm. long; capsule about 3-seeded. 


Moist, shady places, common. January to May. Trask; Brandegee list ; 
Road to Summit in the ditches, Smith 5022, Millsp. 4530; Rock Spring Canyon, 
Millsp. 4733; Avalon Canyon, Nuttall 57, 1077. MINER’S LETTUCE. 


Family 6. ALSINACEZ. 
CHICKWEED FAMILY 


Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes shrubby at the base, with 
a watery sap. Stems often diffusely branched. Leaves opposite, with 
or. without stipules: blades various, entire. Flowers mostly perfect, 
sometimes incomplete. Perianth usually of 2 series. Calyx of 4-5 
persistent distinct or nearly distinct sepals. Corolla of 4-5 clawless 
petals, or wanting. Androecium of twice as many stamens as there 
are sepals or fewer. Filaments distinct or cohering below. Anthers 
introrse, opening lengthwise. Gynoecium of 2-5 united carpels. 
Ovary ti-celled or rarely 2-5-celled. Styles 2-5. Ovules several or 
many, amphitropous or campylotropous, on a central column. Fruit 


me 
" 
% 
| 
; 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA IsSLAND—MILtspauGH & NUTTALL 99 


a capsule, opening by valves, these sometimes tooth-like. Embryo 
more or less curved in the endosperm, usually with incumbent 
cotyledons. 


Styles 3-5, distinct: 
Stipules none. 


Petals bifid 1. ALSINE. 
Petals entire. 
Styles as many as sepals 2. SAGINA. 
Styles fewer than sepals 3. ARENARIA. 
Stipules present 4. TISSA. 
Styles single 3-cleft or -toothed 5. POLYCARPON. 
1. ALSINE L. 


Tufted herbs, with cymose white flowers. Sepals 5, rarely 4. 
Petals of the same number, 2-cleft, 2-parted, or emarginate, white in 
our species, rarely none. Stamens 10 or fewer, hypogynous. Ovary 
1-celled; styles commonly 3, rarely 4 or 5, usually opposite the sepals. 
Capsule dehiscent by twice as many valves as there are styles. 


Annual, capsule ovoid. 1. media. 
Biennial or perennial, capsule oblong. 2. nitens. 


1. A.media L. Sp. Pl. 272 (1753). 
Stellaria media Vill. Hist. Pl. Dan.3:615 (1789). 


Annual, tufted, much branched, decumbent or ascending, 1-4 dm. 
long, glabrous except a line of hairs along the stem and branches, the 
pubescent sepals and the sometimes ciliate petioles. Leaves ovate or 
oval, 4-35 mm. long, acute or rarely obtuse, the lower often cordate; 
flowers 4-8 mm. broad in terminal leafy cymes or also solitary in the 
axils; sepals oblong, longer than the 2-parted petals; stamens 2-10; 
capsule ovoid, longer than the calyx; seeds rough. 

Shady situations in the smaller washes. Jannuary to June. Brandegee and 
Lyon lists; Coach Road and Cherry Canyon, Smith 5024, 5087; Hamilton and 


Pebble Beach Canyons, Millsp. 4532, 4690; Equestrian Trail, Avalon Valley and 
Coach Road, Nuttall 243, ro80, 1165. CHICKWEED. 


2. A.nitens (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 33 (1894). 
Stellaria nitens Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. 1:185,675 (1838). 


Stems erect, filiform, branching above, 7.6-17.9 (or 25.5) cm. 
high, glabrous or slightly hairy below; leaves linear, acute, sessile, 
4.2-14.8 mm. long, or the very lowest ovate, 2.1-6.3 mm, long, abruptly 
contracted into slender petioles nearly twice as long; inflorescence 
strict, the pedicels erect, 19 mm. long or less, or some of the flowers 
quite sessile; bracts scarious; sepals scarious-margined, subulate- 
lanceolate, 4.2 mm. long; petals one-half as long as the sepals, some- 
times none; capsule oblong, nearly as long as the calyx. 


Grassy hillsides. March to June. Slopes of canyons. McClatchie (In hb. 
N. Y. Bot. Gard.; part sp. in Field). 


1oo)=36 Fretp Museum oF Natura History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


2. SAGINA L. 


Tufted matted low herbs, with subuiate leaves, and small 
pedicelled whitish flowers. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals of the same num- 
ber, entire, emarginate or none. Stamens of the same number, or 
_ fewer, or twice as many. Ovary I-celled, many-ovuled. Styles as 
many as the sepals and alternate with them. Capsule 4-5-valved, at 
length dehiscent to the base, the valves opposite the sepals. 


1. §. occidentalis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10:345 (1875). 


Annual, glabrous, very slender and delicate, 5-16cm. high, 
decumbent at base or ascending: leaves not fascicled, 5-7 mm. long, 
pungent: flowers pentamerous, on elongated straight pedicels: 
‘sepals obtuse or acutish, 2.1mm. long: petals nearly equalling the 
sepals: stamens 10: capsule exceeding the calyx. 


Salt marshes. Recorded in Lyon and in Brandegee lists. No other knowl- 
edge of the (doubtful) occurrence on Catalina can be gained. There is no 
Catalina specimen in herb. Univ. of California. PEARLWORT. 


3. ARENARIA L. 


Mainly tufted herbs, with sessile leaves, and terminal cymose or 
capitate, rarely solitary, white flowers. Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire or 
scarcely emarginate, rarely none. Stamens 10. Styles generally 3 
(rarely 2-5). Ovary I-celled, many-ovuled. Capsule dehiscent at 
the apex by as many valves or teeth as there are styles, or twice as 
many. Seeds reniform-globose or compressed. 


1. A. Douglasii Fenzl. T. & Gr. Fl. N.A.1:674 (1840). 


Sparingly pubescent with spreading hairs or glabrous, slender, 
much branched, 7.6-15.2cm. high: leaves filiform, 6mm.-2.5 cm. 
long: flowers rather large, on long slender pedicels: sepals oblong- 
ovate, acute, 3-nerved, 2.5mm. long: petals obovate, 3mm. long or 
more: capsule globose, equalling the calyx: seeds large, flat, smooth, 
acutely margined. 


Open places. March to May. Brandegee list; newly turned soil along 
Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 266. SANDWORT. , 


4. TISSA Adans, 


Low herbs, mostly with fleshy linear or setaceous leaves, often 
with others clustered in the axils, and small pink or whitish flowers 
in terminal cymes. Stipules scarious. Sepals 5. Petals the same 
number, rarely fewer, or none, entire. Stamens 2-10. Ovary 1I-celled, 
many-ovuled; styles 3. Pod 3-valved to the base. Seeds reniform- 
globose or compressed, smooth, winged or tuberculate. 


eae 


I 
: 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MItLtspauGH & NUTTALL IOI 


Perennial : 
Erect, root thick, fleshy. - I. macrotheca. 
Prostrate, matted. { 2. Clevelandi. 
Annual : 
Erect or prostrate, glandular. 3. salina. 


_ 1. T.macrotheca (Hornem.) Britton. Bull. Torr. 16:129 (1889). 
Arenarta macrotheca Hornem. C.& S. Linn. 1:53 (1826). 
Lepiogonum macrothecum F. & Mey. Cat. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 

3:14) (1835). 

Spergularia macrotheca Hey. Rob. in Gray Syn. Fl. 17:252 

(1897). 


Perennial, rather stout, often 60cm. high, decumbent at base, 
glabrous below, pubescent above, the calyx more or less tomentose: 
leaves fleshy, 2.5-10 cm. long, with large ovate stipules: flowers large, 
subracemose; pedicels 1.3-3.8cm. long, becoming reflexed: sepals 
gmm. long or more, equalling or exceeding the petals: capsule ovoid, 
a little exceeding the calyx, seeds smooth, narrowly winged. 

Rocky talus near the sea. April to August. Lyon list (as Lepigonum ula- 


crothecum); Brandegee (Gray, Field); Pendleton 1362; Reed 2814; talus east 
of Avalon, Nuttall 290. SAND SPURREY. 


2. T.Clevelandi Greene,Fl. Fr.127 (1891). 
Spergularia Clevelandi Proc. Am. Acad. 29:310 (1894) 


Prostrate, slender, very diffuse, forming deep green mats 30-60 cm. 
broad; herbage slightly pubescent and moderately viscid; leaves nar- 
rowly linear, the fascicled ones subulate, all equalling or exceeding 
the internodes: flowers in terminal cymes only, small (1.7 cm. broad), 
pure white. 


Waste grounds away from the immediate sea influence. February to June. 
Avalon Valley, Smith 5072; Beckwith 5; Millsp. 4724; Nuttall 166. 


3. T.salina(Presl.) Britton, Bull. Torr.16:126 (1889). 
Spergularia salina Presl. Fl. Cech. 93 (1819). 
Arenaria rubra marina Linn. Sp. Pl. 606 (1753). 


Stout, erect or ascending, smooth or glandular-pubescent ; capsule 
5-8 mm. long at maturity; pedicels short (seldom more than twice this 
length) ; seeds smooth, margined or marginless, or roughened with 
projecting points or processes, several kinds sometimes found within 
the same capsule; leaves often much clustered in the axils. 

Brackish mud flats. April to June. Brandegee list; vicinity of Avalon, 


Smith 5002; dried mud of head of Catalina Harbor, Millsp. 4833; Nuttall 214, 
578. SEA SPURREY. 


5. POLYCARPON L. 


Sepals entire, scarious upon the margin. Petals small, hyaline. 
Stamens 3-5. Ovary I-celled: style short, 3-cleft. Capsule 3-valved, 


102 FrieLp Museum oF Natura History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


several-seeded. Low diffuse dichotomously branched annuals; leaves 
flat; stipules small, scarious; flowers small, cymose. 


1. P.depressum Nutt. T.& Gr. Fl.N.A.1:174 © (1838). 


Very small and much branched, scarcely 2.6 cm. high, slender and 
glabrous; leaves narrowly spatulate, in pairs; stipules small and nar- 
row: flowers minute, in loose cymes, the pedicels with small bracts; 
petals narrow, much shorter than the sepals, entire: capsule globose, 
6-12-seeded. 


Sandy soil of lower altitudes. March to June. Brandegee list; Grant 1023; 
“break-off” east of Avalon, Pendleton 1407; Reed 2841. 


Family 7, CARYOPHYLLACEZ. 
PINK FAMILY 


Annual or perennial herbs, with watery sap and usually erect 
stems swollen at the nodes. Leaves opposite, often with connate bases; 
stipules none. Flowers perfect, polygamous or rarely dioecious. Calyx 
of 4 or 5 united sepals forming a toothed tube. Corolla often showy, 
of 4 or 5 petals with narrow claws. Stamens usually twice as many as 
the petals; filaments usually distinct, inserted like the corolla and 
t-celled ovary on the columnar prolongation of the receptacle. Pistil 
i, compound. Styles 2-5. Ovules numerous. Fruit a capsule opening 
by 2-5 apical valves. Seeds many or rarely few, with the embryo 
straight or nearly so. 


1. SILENE L. 


Herbs, with mainly pink, red or white flowers. Calyx more or less 
inflated, 5-toothed or 5-cleft, 10-many-nerved, not bracted at the base. 
Petals 5, narrow, clawed. Stamens 10. Styles 3 (rarely 4 or 5); 
ovary 1-celled, or incompletely 2-4-celled. Pod dehiscent by 6 or 
rarely 3 apical teeth. Seeds mainly spiny or tubercled. 


Calyx about 20 nerved. I. multinervia. 
Calyx about Io nerved.: 
Internodes not glandular, flowers racemose. 2. anglica. 
Internodes banded-glandular, flowers paniculate. 3. antirrhina. 


1. §.multinervia Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25:126 (1890). 


Annual, erect, sparingly branched, glandular-pubescent, about a 
foot high: leaves linear to linear-oblong, acute, the lowermost narrowly 
oblanceolate, 2.6-5.1 cm. long: inflorescence dichotomously cymose; 
bracts linear: calyx narrowly ovate, 20-25-nerved, 10.5-12.7 mm. long, 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA 1SLAND—MIL.tspauGH & NUTTALL 103 


the acuminate teeth usually purple-tipped; petals purplish, scarcely 
equalling the calyx, without appendages or auricles, emarginate: fila- 
ments. glabrous, included: capsule nearly sessile, oblong-ovate, in- 
cluded: seeds minute, tuberculate, not crested. 

Hillsides in dry situations. March to May. This species is doubtless in 


the flora, but has not been found by us. Brandegee lists it as such and also as 
S. conoidea, S quinquevulnera? and S. quadrivulnera. CATCHFLY. 


2. S.anglica Linn. Sp. Pl.416 (1753). 

Silene gallica Linn. ibid. 417. 

Annual, hirsute-pubescent; stem 3.3-6.8 dm. high. Leaves spatu- 
late or oblanceolate, 2.6-5.1 cm. long, obtuse, sometime mucronate, or 
the upper narrower and acute; flowers in a terminal simple 1-sided 
raceme, nearly sessile or the lower ones distant and longer-pedicelled, 
sometimes all distinctly pedicelled; calyx 1o-nerved, villous, 8.4-10.5 
mm. long, much enlarged by the ripening pod, its teeth lanceolate, 
spreading; petals white, somewhat longer than the calyx. 

Established on rough hill and canyon sides. February to June. Brandegee 
list; Pebble Beach Canyon, Millsp. 4688; vicinity of Avalon on School House 


Ridge, along the Coach Road and Equestrian Trail, NuttaH go, 158, 286. ENG- 
LiSHiGATCHELY. 


3. S.antirrhina Linn. Sp. Pl. 41g (1753). 

Annual, puberulent or glabrous, glutinous about the nodes, 2-7 dm. 
high. Basal and lower leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, 
narrowed into a petiole; upper leaves linear to subulate ; inflorescence a 
loose cymose panicle; pedicels slender, erect; flowers pink, 2-4 mm. 
broad; calyx narrowly ovoid, 4-6mm. long, much expanded by the 
ripening pod, its teeth ovate, acute ; petals obcordate, minutely crowned. 


Hillsides. April to July. Brandegee list. We have seen no Catalina speci- 
men of this species, though the report of its presence in the flora is doubtless 
correct. SLEEPY CATCHFLY. 


Order 7. RANALES. 

Herbs, shrubs or trees. Calyx present, usually of separate sepals. 
Corolla usually present and of separate petals. Ovary or ovaries 
superior, free from the calyx; carpels I to many, usually separate. 
Stamens mostly hypogynous and more numerous than the sepals. 


Family 1. RANUNCULACES. 
BUTTERCUP FAMILY 


Herbs, or rarely climbing shrubs, with acrid sap. Leaves alternate 
(except in Clematis and Atragene). Stipules usually none, but the 
base of the petiole often sheathing. Pubescene, when present, com- 
posed of simple hairs. Sepals 3-15, generally caducous, often petal-like, 


104 Fretp Museum or Naturar History—Botany, Vor. V. 


imbricate, except in Clematis and Atragene. Petals about the same 
number (occasionally more) or wanting. Stamens o, hypogynous, 
their anthers innate. Carpels oo or rarely solitary, 1-celled, 1-many- 
ovuled. Ovules anatropous. Fruit achenes follicles or berries. Seeds 
with endosperm. 


Carpels several-ovuled ; fruit a follicle. 1. DELPHINIUM. 
Carpels 1-ovuled, fruit an achene: 
Achenes long tailed, petals none, climbers. 2. CLEMATIS. 


Achenes not tailed, petals present, low herbs. 3. RANUNCULUS. 


1. DELPHINIUM Linn. 


Erect branching herbs, with racemose or paniculate showy flowers. 
Leaves palmately lobed or divided. Sepals 5, the posterior one pro- 
longed into a spur. Petals 2 or 4, small, the two posterior ones spurred, 
the lateral, when present, small. Carpels few, sessile many-ovuled, 
forming follicles at maturity. 


Flowers many, dark purplish-blue. 1. Parryi. 
Flowers few, pink or white. 2. hesperium. 


1. D. Parryi Gray? Bot. Gaz.12:53 (1887). 


Stems commonly simple, 3.3-8dm. high, arising from a short 
caudex crowning several woody-fibrous roots; herbage minutely puber- 
ulent; leaves twice divided and redivided into narrowly linear lobes, 
the lobes usually elongated, acute, 12.7mm.-6.3 cm. long, and often 
arcuate-contorted ; upper leaves often pedately 5-divided into filiform 
lobes ; racemes virgate, often cylindric, sometimes loose, strict, 10.1-35.8 
cm. long; pedicels mostly 8.4-25 mm. long or the lower longer ; flowers 
blue or light purplish, rarely white-flowered ; sepals 12.7-16.9 mm. long, 
equaling the spur, one and a half to two times as long as the petals; 
follicles puberulent, 10.5-12.7mm. long; seeds with loosely cellular 
whitish margin to the angles. 

Moister grassy slopes and canyon bottoms. May to June. Trask (as 
D. scopulorum) ; Brandegee; ridge between Rock Spring and Rock Falls Can- 
yons, Smith 5106; Pebble Beach Road, Nuttall 208; Knopf 79, 103; Pebble 
Beach Canyon, Nuttall 276, Knopf 141; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 34; Middle 
Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 3oo. LARKSPUR. 

The status of these plants, and those referred to the next species, is provis- 


ional only. The Pacific Slope Delphiniums await the consideration of a dis- 
criminating monographist who can work over the material of all herbaria. 


2. D.hesperium Gray ? idem. 


Stem commonly simple, 1.6-9.1 dm. high, arising from a cluster 
of thick-fibrous roots or a single woody taproot; herbage shortly 
pubescent; leaves 2 to 3 times palmately cleft into oblong or linear 
spreading segments; raceme rather dense, vigrate, 15-33cm. long; 
pedicels 4.2-12 mm. long, or the lowest 2.6cm., strictly erect; flowers 


ee 


FLoraA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—-MILLspAUGH & NUTTALL 105 


commonly blue, rarely pink or white or intermediate shades; sepals 
8-12 mm. long, equaled or exceeded by the straight spur, somewhat 
densely puberulent on the outside or the alternate ones with a rather 
definite puberulent band; petals little shorter than the sepals; follicles 
short-oblong, 6-10 or 14 mm. long, pubescent; seeds with a loose cellu- 
lar whitish coat, which is produced into narrow wings on the angles. 


Moister grassy slopes. May. Pebble Beach Canyon, Nuttall 499, 694, Knopf 
142. Quite possibly only a race of the preceeding species, with few pink or 
white flowers. 


2. CLEMATIS Linn. 


Climbing vines, more or less woody. Leaves opposite, slender- 
petioled, pinnately compound. Flowers cymose-paniculate, our species 
dicecious, or nearly so. Sepals 4 or 5, valvate in the bud, spreading, 
petaloid. Petals none. Stamens numerous, spreading; filaments 
mostly glabrous; anthers short, blunt. Pistils numerous. Achenes 
1-seeded. Style long, persistent, plumose. 


1. C. ligusticifolia Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl.N. A.1:9 © (1838). 
C. igusticifolia californica Wats. Bot. Calif.1:3 (1880). 


A trailing and climbing vine, nearly glabrous. Leaves pinnately 
5-foliolate, the lower pair of leaflets generally remote from the upper; 
leaflets oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute and sometimes acuminate at 
the apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, toothed, lobed or divided; 
flowers white, in leafy panicles, 12-18 mm. broad when expanded, the 
stamens about equalling the sepals; filaments glabrous; persistent styles 
plumose throughout, nearly white, 2.6-5.1 cm. long. 


Shadier canyon bottoms. July to September. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee; 
Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 877; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 245; Middle Ranch 
Canyon, Millsp. 4579, Nuttall 306, 654, Knopf 231, 237; Eagles Nest, Nuttall 849. 
VIRGIN’S BOWER. YERBA DE CHIVATO. 


3. RANUNCULUS Linn. 


Annual or perennial herbs, with alternate simple entire lobed or 
divided or dissected leaves, and yellow white or red flowers. Sepals 
mostly 5, deciduous. Petals equal in number or more, conspicuous or 
minute, provided with a nectariferous pit and a scale at the base of 
the blade. Carpels indefinite, t-ovuled. Achenes capitate or spicate, 
generally flattened, smooth, papillose or echinate, tipped with a minute 
or an elongated style. 


1. R.hebecarpus H. & A. Bot. Beech. 316 (1841). 
Somewhat pilose, with spreading hairs, densely so when young: 


106 Fietp Museum oF NaTurAL History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


stems ascending, slender, 15-20cm. high: lower leaves ternate or 3- 
parted; the leaflets cuneate at base, and 2-3-lobed; upper ones more 
divided; petals 5, 2-2.1mm. long: sepals hairy, about equalling the 
petals: akenes few in a head, 2mm. or less long, rounded, flat, the 
sides rough with short scattered hairs: heads globular, 4.2mm. in 
diameter. 


In moist, shady places in canyons, infrequent. May. Tyrask (in herb. 


N. Y.); in a gulley at the sharp angle of the Equestrian Trail, Millsp., Nuttall 


161, BUTTERCUP. 


Order 8. PAPAVERALES. 


Mostly herbs with clustered, regular and perfect flowers. Petals, 
with very rare exceptions, present and separate. Sepals usually 
separate. Stamens hypogynous. Ovary superior, free from the calyx, 
compound, composed of two or more united carpels. 

Sepals 2 (very rarely 3 or 4); endosperm 

eshy. Fam, 1. PAPAVERACEAE. 
Sepals, or calyx segments, 4-8; endosperm none: 


Capsule I-celled, of 2-6 carpels: 
Style short or wanting: 


Stipules deciduous. Fam. 2. CAPPARIDACEAE. 
Stipules glandular. Fam. 3. RESEDACEAE. 

Capsule 2-celled by a longitudinal 
partition. Fam. 4. BRASSICACEAE. 


Family 1. PAPAVERACE. 
POPPY FAMILY 

Herbs or low shrubs (rarely trees) with milky juice; alternate 
leaves, often rosulate at the base and subopposite near the flowers; 
astipulate. Inflorescence terminal or superaxillary, solitary or race- 
mose. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular, hypogynous; sepals 2-3, free 
(calyptrate in Eschscholtzia), imbricate, caducous; petals 4-6 or 
rarely more, free, biseriate, early deciduous. Stamens many, rarely 
of definite number, 2-6-meris; filaments mostly filiform; anthers bi- 
locular. Ovary free, of 2-20 carpels; ovules many, anatropous or 
campylotropous ; styles simple or wanting; stigmas as many as the 
carpels. Fruit a capsule; seeds globose to subreniform, pitted or 
reticulate. 


Fruits in clusters moniliform. 1. PLATYSTEMON. 
Fruits single: 
Siliquose : 
Dehiscent from the base. 2. DENDROMECON. 
Dehiscent from the placental ribs. 3. ESCHSCHOLTZIA. 


Capsular. 4. PAPAVER. 


ee mit 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 107 


1. PLATYSTEMON bEenth. 


Low annual herbs branching from the leafy base, glaucescent or 
hirsute. Leaves linear or oblong-lanceolate, apex acute or obtuse, 
entire, sessile, 3-5 nerved. Flowers solitary on slender, elongate 
peduncles ; sepals 3, ovate, pilose; petals 6, yellowish, rarely persistent. 
Stamens numerous, unequal ; filaments dilated at the apex, subpetaloid ; 
anthers oval or linear, 2-celled, laterally dehiscent; ovaries 6-20, 
distinct, linear; stigmas sessile, linear with a hairy line on the inner 
surface. Capsules nearly distinct, torulose or moniliform; seeds 
smooth or sculptured, pendulous, solitary in each cell, brown. 


1. P.cernuus Greene Pitton. 5:193 (1903). 


A decumbent, branching, leafy herb 8-18cm. high; branches 
pilose, hairs long, white. Leaves linear, 2.5-4.5cm., obtuse, pilose. 
Peduncles erect (those of the buds nodding), slender, lax-pilose ; 
flowers white to cream, about 1.75-2cm. diameter, rotate; petals 
obovate, short-clawed. Filaments all triangulo-obcuneate, attenuated 
to filiform below about I mm., broad above and slightly obcordate, 
about 6 times as long as the anthers. Stigmas radiant, filiform, hairy. 
Follicles 10-12, noniliform, about 1.25 cm. long in fruit, with 5-6 short, 
slightly nerved, indistinctly tuberculate articulations. 

Grassy hillsides plentiful where found. March to April. Brandegee; 
Trask (N. Y., Field, U. S., listed as P. californicus Benth.) ; slopes at head of 
Gallagher’s Cafion, Millsp. 4878. CREAM CUPS. 


Dr. Greene’s original description is faulty in regard to “filaments linear” 
and “carpels villous-hirsute above the middle”; the type is as described above. 


2. DENDROMECON Benth. 


A smooth, branching shrub without latex. Leaves alternate, 
leathery, entire or subdenticulate. Flowers solitary, large, yellow. 
Sepals 2, hemispheric, concave, caducous. Petals 4. Stamens many ; 
filaments filiform, short; anthers linear. Ovary linear-oblong; stigmas 
2, sessile, short, thickish, erect. Capsule elongate, attenuate, 1-celled, 
2-valved splitting throughout into 2, strong, woody valves; placentae 
marginal, filiform. Seeds many, large, pyriform or sub-globose. 


Flowering peduncles not equalling the leaves: : 
Leaves thin, lax, not reticulate. _ I. rhamnoides. 
Leaves thick, firm, somewhat reticulate. 2, arborea. 


1. D.rhamnoides Greene Pitton 5:305 (1905). 


Tree 1.5-6m. high, branches drooping. Leaves large, 5-10cm. 
long, broadly oblong or oval, obtuse, with very prominent mucro, not 
coriaceous but thin like Rhamnus Purshiana, not reticulate, margin 
entire. Peduncles not half the length of the leaves. Corolla about 


108 Frietp Museum oF NaturaAL History—Borany, Vou. V. 


3-75 cm. broad. Pods about 7.5cm. long. Seeds usually small, some- 
what pyriform, reticulations coarse and distinct. 


Dry soil of ridges. In flower the year around. Near the Isthmus. Dall & 
Baker (1874) (Gray, U. S., Field), reported by Fedde in Pflanzenreich 40:143. 
We have not met with the species. 


2. D.arborea idem. 


Tree 1.5-6m. high with a trunk up to 3dm. diameter. Leaves. 


rigid, coriaceous, glaucous, 4. cm.xI7 mm. to 5x2.5 cm. elliptic, acutish, 
stoutly mucronate; margin entire but with scattered suggestions of 
teeth as represented by a minute roughness; very faintly if at all retic- 
ulate. Peduncles scarcely as long as the leaves; flowers 5.5-6.5 cm. 
broad. Pods 8-10cm. long, tipped by the large, persistent stigma; 
seeds densely lenticulo-rugose in parallel lines. 

On dry ridges and volcanic cliffs. In flower the’ year around. Trask (N. 
Y., U. S., Field); I have seen but two trees, 2-3.5 m. high, between Howland’s 


and ne Landing, March 17, 1920, Millsp. 4815; Knopf 183, 184, 186. TREE 
POPPY. 


D. rigida Benth. is credited to Catalina by Lyon and by Brandegee 
(Zoe 1:46; 1:132 with synonyms D. Harfordu and D. flexile), the 
Brandegee specimen in this herbarium and in the U. S. Natl. herb., 
is plainly D. arborea Greene. Mrs. Trask refers her observations 
doubtfully to D. Harfordii Kell. (Erythr. 7:145), her remarks how- 
ever lead me to judge that she had Dr. Greene’s D. rhamnoides under 
observation, she says: “Very rare........ I have seen but 18 trees 
during all my trips about the island,” she indicates a leaning habit for 
the species and that it required support to gain large growth as it is 
“very brittle.” Dr. Jepson records (Field Notes MSS.) a conversa- 
tion with Mrs. Trask in which she stated: ‘‘A distinct tree, with a 
trunk a foot in diameter. The crown usually bends over, especially 
when large: it can not hold its head erect. There are no young poppy 
trees on the island and no seedlings” ; he adds: “I think she added ‘no 
crown sprouts’ ” 


D. flexile Greene, Dr. Greene says (Pitton, 5: 306): “A species 
which also seems to inhabit Catalina.’ An unauthenticated state- 
ment. 


3. ESCHSCHOLTZIA Cham. 


Weak, more or less glabrous and glaucous herbs, from a strong, 
elongated, tap-root; without latex. Leaves alternate, pinnately 
dissected and multifid the segments mostly narrow and linear. Flowers 
solitary, yellow or orange, generally long-peduncled; sepals 2, mar- 
ginally coherent in a deciduous, pointed calypter cleaving away from 
a more or less collared torus; petals 4, borne on the torus. Stamens 
numerous; filaments short; anthers linear. Ovary linear-cylindric 


. 
oO 


2 Se eee 


FLorA OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLanD—MIttspauGcH & NUTTALL 109 


with 2, nerve-like placentae; style short; stigmas divided into 4-6 
linear, unequal, divergent lobes. Capsule elongate, to-nerved, 1- 
celled, dehiscent by 2 valves separating from placental ribs. Seeds 
globose, reticulate or tuberculate. CALIFORNIA POPPY. 


Calypter elongate-conical : 


Tip terete. 1. Wrigleyana. 
Tip tapering. _ 2. californica. 
Calypter short-ovoid. 3. elegans. 


1, E. Wrigleyana sp. nov. (Plate 1, Frontispiece). 


Herba, perennis ?, radice principali longa gravique; glaucescens, 
ad basim demum plus minusve ramosa. Folia ad aetatis gradum 
juvenilem florescentem multa et omnia e radice orta, 10-19 cm. longa; 
laminis quam petiolis circ. dimidio brevioribus, 4-pinnatifidis; 
pinnis 5, rursus 5-partitis, segmentis ultimis lanceolato-spathulatis 
acutis in bina vel trina adgregatis. Pedunculus floris centralis 18 cm. 
longus, ei florum ramorum seriorum 10-12 cm. longi, omnes 8-costati; 
toro campanulato 5-8mm. longo, limbo libero panso foliaceo. circ. 
4mm. lato; calyce (calyptro) conico, 2.5-3cm. longo et ad basim 
12mm. lato, sensim in rostrum abruptum tenue teres circ. 5 mm. 
longum angustato. Petala aurantiaco-flava, late flabelliformis, 
5x5 cm. flore panso I1-12cm. lato. Stamina circ. 24; filamentis 
brevibus, ligulatis, purpureis, 5 mm. longis; antheris lineari-oblongis, 
i1cm. longis. Styli plerumque 4 in jugis inaequalibus, infra sepe cor- 
poribus stylorum usque ad 4 abortivorum obsiti, marginibus latis 
stigmaticis alatoideis comparati. 

I take pleasure in dedicating this striking species to Mr. William 
Wrigley, Jr., who forwarded our work on this Flora through many 
courtesies extended to our collectors. He also materially aided us in 
our search through herbaria at Cambridge, New York and Wash- 
ington. 

Two young plants only seen not found later. Among the coarse pebbles 
of the arroya at the mouth of Big Wash Cafion, March 24, 1920, Millsp. 4854. 
WRIGLEY’S POPPY. 

Near &. crocea Benth. (an interior valley species) but all known characters 


larger and apparently quite distinct. It also differs in presenting, at first, a 
scapiform flower. By far the most gorgeous of all the Eschscholtzias. 


2. E. californica Cham. Nees. Hor. Phys. Ber. 73 (1820) 


Stems scapose or leafy, erect or diffuse, 22.9 cm.-6.8 dm. high;. 
basal leaves ternately several times dissected into linear or oblong 
segments, on long or short petioles, the whole leaf 10.1 cm.-3.3 dm. 
long; cauline smaller on short petioles; peduncles 5.1 or 7.6-15.3 cm. 
long; petals fan-shaped, 12.7mm.-5.1cm. long, varying from deep 
orange or copper-color to straw color; outer spreading rim of the 
receptacle commonly 1.05-4.2 mm. wide, the inner erect rim hyaline; 
capsule 2.6-7.6 or even 10.1 cm. long. 


110 Frectp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vov. V. 


Grassy hillsides general. March to May. Trask; Ridge between Rock 
Falls and Rock Spring Cafions, Mosley 692; Slopes of Mt. Martha, Millsp. 
4846, Nuttall 121; Hamilton Cafion, Millsp. 4702; between Howland’s and John- 
son’s Landings, Millsp. 4816; upper Pebble Beach Road, Knopf 72, 86. 


3. E. elegans Greene Bull. Calif. Acad.1:182 (1885). 


An annual, erect herb, 3-6 dm. high, very leafy especially toward 
the base and with numerous long, ascending and somewhat naked 
branches. Leaves glabrous, glaucescent, compact, cut into very many, 
almost parallel, oblong-linear to linear, acutish segments. Torus 
narrowly campanulate; crown narrow, purplish. Calyx calypter 
scarcely 12mm. long, short-ovoid, tip deltoid, apiculate. Corolla 
rotate, about 2.5cm. wide. Stamens 16-20; filaments and anthers 
often about equal in length. Pods slender, about gcm. long, thin- 
walled; seeds oval, mucronate at both ends, not reticulate, indistinctly 
tuberculate. 


Grassy hillsides and drier situations. April to July. Hillsides near Avalon, 
Smith 4972, Nuttall 27; slopes of mountain beyond Pebble Beach, Millsp. 4847, 
Nuttall 690; hillside near Middle Ranch, Nuttall 656. Elevated rocky slopes, 
Brandegee (1889) listed as E. californica Cham.; on high, dry hills of the Hay 
Press Trail, Mrs. Trask (1895) listed as E. ramosa Greene; hillside near Hamil- 
ton Beach, Millsp. 4897; hillside along Pebble Beach Road and on the west 
hillside and Catalina Harbor, Nuttall 68, 256. 

We include here E. crossophyila and E. ramosa. 


4. PAPAVER Linn. 


Sap milky. Leaves lobed or dissected, alternate. Flowers and 
flower-buds nodding. Sepals 2 or occasionally 3. Petals 4-6. Stamens 
indefinite Anthers extrorse. Ovules indefinite borne on numerous 
internally-projecting placentae. Stigmas united into a radiate persistent 
disk. Capsule globose, obovoid, or oblong, dehiscent near the summit. 
Seeds marked with minute depressions. 


1. P.heterophyllum Greene, Pitton.1:168 (1888). 
Meconopsis heterophylla Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. 2, 1:408 
(1835). 


A glabrous or sparsely pilose-pubescent annual herb, 3-6 dm. 
high, simple or branching. Leaves somewhat succulent, pinnately 
parted or divided, mostly petioled. Peduncles slender. Petals 1-2 cm. 
long, orange-red. Capsule obovate to turbinate, dehiscent by 8 oper- 
cules. 


Moist, shady situations in cafions. March to April. Mrs. Trask, who says 
on her specimen in U. S. Natl. Herb. 340154: “Seldom met with;’”” Knopf col- 
lects it on the hillside of the first right hand branch of Pebble Beach Canyon, 39. 
WIND POPPY. 


Ss Sle ee ee eS ee 


— ee 2. 


——— 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL III 


Family 2. CAPPARIDACEZ. 
CAPER FAMILY 


Herbs or shrubs with pungent or acrid watery juice, simple or 
palmately compound alternate leaves and axillary or terminal, mostly 
regular, flowers. Sepals 4. Petals 4, sessile or clawed. Stamens 
usually 6, equal, inserted on the receptacle; anthers oblong, longitud- 
inally dehiscent. Ovary sessile or usually stipitate, 1-celled; ovules 
many, borne on parietal placentae. Fruit a capsule or berry; seeds 
mostly reniform:; endosperm none; cotyledons somewhat coiled. 


1. ISOMERIS Nutt. 

Tree-like shrubs 8-18dm. high, much branched and spreading. 
Leaves crowded, 3-foliate. Inflorescence in dense, terminal racemes. 
Sepals united below, somewhat spreading, marcescent. Petals 4, 
oblong, sessile, regular, torus fleshy, subhemispherical, produced into 
a small, dilated appendage on the upper side. Stamens 6, filaments 
equal, much exserted. Ovary borne on a long stipe. Capsule inflated, 
coriaceous, indehiscent, stipitate, crowned with the persistent style. 
Seeds large, several on each parietal placenta; cotyledons incum- 
bently incurved. 


1. JI. arborea Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N.A.1:124 (1838). 


A spreading, much branched shrub the young parts minutely 
pubescent. Leaflets lanceolate, mucronulate, glabrous. Calyx cam- 
panulate the lobes ovate-triangular, acuminate. Petals slightly spread- 
ing, ovate, blunt. Ovary elongate-pyriform; style short; stigma 
minute. Capsule inflated, fusiform, varying as to its length in propor- 
tion to the stipe. Seeds globular-ovoid, reddish-brown, mottled, 
1OxI2 mm. 


Sea cliffs and dry hillsides. In bloom the year around; in best fruit in 
September and October. Brandegee; Trask; sea cliffs near Avalon, Grant 615, 
Hall 8282, Eastwood 6446, Pendleton 1350, Grant 615, Smith 5033, Millsp. 4520, 
Nuttall 66, 839; Cottonwood Cafion, Nuttall 855; Isthmus, hillside near Catalina 
Harbor, Millsp. 4828, Nuttall 908, Silver Canyon, 749; Blake 968, Knopf 9. 
BLADDER-POD. CAPER BUSH. 

There are several races of the species both on the mainland and on Cata- 
lina, they do not differ sufficiently to merit varietal rank. Jsomeris arborea 
globosa, Coville (Proc. Biol Soc. Wash. 7:73 (1802) (is however specifically 
distinct, as suggested by Heller (J. globosa Heller Muhlenb. 2:50 1905) who 
collected it at Coville’s station, Caliente, Kern Co., Calif. Specimens from the 
coast region that have been credited to globosa are, however, arborea so far as 
we have seen them.* The ovary and pod of J. globosa are abrupt at the base, 
not narrowed to the stipe as in arborea; the seed of the former is golden- 
yellow and not mottled, it is also larger (11x15 mm.); the peduncle of the 
oo fully a third longer than in arborea, the petals broader and the style 
shorter. 


*See Frythea 6:88; Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:364. Note also F. E. & E. S. 
Clements’ specimen from La Jolla, Calif. No. 24, a station from which I also 
collected the species, Millsp. 4458. 


112. Fierp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V._ 


Family 3. RESEDACEZ., 
RESEDA FAMILY 

Herbs with simple alternate leaves and gland-like stipules. 
Flowers racemose, perfect, irregular. 4-7. Petals 2-7, laciniate. 
Stamens indefinite, borne (usually) on the inside of a fleshy disk 
which is enlarged on the upper side. Pistil superior, composed of 3-6 
carpels, 1-celled, with 3-6 parietal placentae; Fruit dehiscent at the 
apex before the seeds are mature. Stigmas 3-6, minute, sessile. 


Disk present, petals 4. © 1. RESEDA. 
Disk absent, petals 2. 2. OLIGOMERIS, 


1. RESEDA Linn. 


Petals 4, toothed or cleft at the border. Stamens 8-30. Capsule 
3-6-lobed, horned. Other characters as in the family. 


1. R. odorata Linn. Syst.ed.x:1046 (1759). 


Stems decumbent or ascending, 1.5-2.5dm. high. Leaves spatu- 
late-oblong, entire. Raceme broad and somewhat open. Flowers very 
fragrant, about 4 mm. broad, greenish-white. Anthers brick-red. 

A Mediterranean and garden species plentifully established at various points 


on the grassy slopes of Avalon, Descanso and Hamilton Canons. March to 
May. East slope of Descanso Cafion, Millsp. 4914. MIGNONETTE., 


2. OLIGOMERIS Cambess. 


Mostly annuals, low and glaucous with entire, linear leaves and 
small greenish flowers in terminal spikes. Stamens usually 4. Petals 
2, posterior free or united at the base, persistent, entire or 2-3-lobed. 
Disk wanting. Ovary 4-angled, 4-beaked. Capsule 4-grooved, many- 
seeded. 


1. O.glaucescens Cambess. Jacquem. Voy. 4:t.25 (1844). 
O. subulata Webb Frag. Fl. Aeth. 26 (1854). 


Annual or biennial, 15-25 cm. high, branching at the base the 
branches ascending. Leaves somewhat sarcous, often fascicled, 
1-2cm. long. Spikes terminal, elongate, the branches stem-like and 
bracteate, densely flowered. Petals oblong, obscurely lobed, posterior. 
Stamens 3, posterior. Capsule depressed-globose, 3 mm. in diameter, 
4-lobed, 4-cuspidate. Seeds smooth. 

An apparently indigenous species abundant on the Channel Islands, grow- 


ing in saline situations. March to June. Listed by Brandegee and by Lyon 
from Catalina. We have not met with the plant. MIGNONETTE. 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILtspauGH & NUTTALL 113 


Family 4. BRASSICACE#, 
MUSTARD FAMILY 


Herbs, rarely somewhat woody, with acrid watery sap, alternate 
leaves and racemose or corymbose flowers. Sepals 4, deciduous or 
rarely persistent the two outer narrow, the inner similar or concave, 
or saccate at the base. Petals 4, hypogynous, cruciate, nearly equal, 
generally clawed. Stamens 6, rarely fewer, hypogynous, tetradyna- 
mous. Pistil 1, compound, consisting of 2, united carpels, the parietal 
placentae united by a dissepiment; style generally persistent, some- 
times absent; stigma discoid or usually more or less 2-lobed. Fruit a 
silique or silicle, generally 2-celled, rarely 1-celled, in a few genera 
indehiscent. Seeds attached to both sides of the septum; endosperm 
none; cotyledons incumbent, accumbent or conduplicate. 

Pods not elongated ; short linear or orbicular : 

Pubescence stellate or forked; 
Pods dehiscent. 
Flat, obcordate. tr. Bursa. 
Linear-oblong. 2. SopuHtia. 


Pubescence simple or wanting: 
Pods dehiscent. 


Lenticulo-orbicular. 3. KONIGIA. 
Ovate to ovate-cordate. 4. LeprpiuM. 
Cylindric. 5. SISYMBRIUM. 
Pods indehiscent, flat, orbicular. . 6. THYSANOCARPUS. 


Pods elongated, terete: 
Short beaked, not turgid ; 
Somewhat constricted between the seeds. 


Short stipitate. 7, THELYPODIUM. 
Sessile. 5; 8. CARDAMINE, 
Not constricted, long terete. g. Nora. 
Long beaked, turgid. 
Dehiscent. 10. BRASSICA. 
Indehiscent. 11. RAPHANUS. 


1. BURSA Weber. 


Annual or winter-annual erect herbs, pubescent with forked hairs ; 
basal leaves tufted. Flowers racemose, small, white. Silicles cuneate, 
obcordate or triangular, compressed at right angles with the septum, 
the valves boat-shaped, keeled. Style short. Seeds numerous, margin- 
less; cotyledons accumbent. 


1. B. Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton Mem. Torr. Club 5:172 (1894). 
Capsella Bursa-pastoris Medic. Pfl. Gatt. 1:85 (1792). 
Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris Linn. Sp. Pl.647 (1753). 


Erect, branching, 1.5-2.5 dm. high from a long, deep root, pubes- 
cent below generally glabrous above. Basal leaves more or less pin- 
natifid or lobed forming a flat rosette, rarely entire 5-12cm. long; 
stem-leaves few, lanceolate, auricled, dentate or entire. Flowers white, 


114 Frerp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


about 2 mm. long; pedicels slender, spreading or ascending, 10-15 mm. 
long in fruit. Pods triangulo-obcordate tipped with the short, per- 
sistent style, about 4-8 mm. long; seeds 10-12 in each cell. 


Dry, open situations. February to November. Trask (N. Y., Field); 
Brandegee; Lyon; Avalon, on the Golf Course, Millsp. 4519. SHEPHERD’S 
PURSE. 


2. SOPHIA Adans. 


Annual or perennial herbs (some exotic species shrubby), canes- 
cent or pubescent with short forked hairs, with slender branching 
stems, 2-pinnatifid or finely dissected leaves, and small yellow flowers 
in terminal racemes, the racemes much elongating in fruit. Calyx 
early deciduous. Style very short; stigma simple. Siliques linear or 
linear-oblong, slender-pedicelled, the valves 1-nerved. Seeds very 
small, oblong, wingless, in 1 or 2 rows in each cell; cotyledons in- 
cumbent. 


1. §. pinnata (Walt) Howell Fl. N.W.Am.1:56 (1897). 
Erysimum pinnatum Walt. Fl. Carol. 174 (1788). 
Sisymbrium canescens Nutt.Gen. 2:68 (1818). 


Glabrate, somewhat canescent with branched hairs or densely so; 
stem erect, branched, 2-14 dm. high, slender, the branches ascending. 
Leaves 5-10 cm. long, oblong in general outline, bipinnatifid into very 
numerous, small toothed or entire, obtuse segments. Pedicels very 
slender, spreading to nearly right angles to the axis, 1.15 cm. long. 
Flowers 2-3mm. broad. Pods horizontal or ascending, oblong or 
linear-oblong, compressed, 6-8 mm. long by 2mm. broad, glabrous or 
somewhat canescent; style minute. Seeds plainly in 2 rows in each 
cell. 

Dry situations. March to July. Brandegee; Pacific slope beyond the sum- 


mit of the Equestrian Trail, Millsp. 4775; on the Equestrian Trail at tooo ft. 
alt., Nuttall 328; Avalon Hill, Knopf 429. HEDGE MUSTARD. 


3. KONIGIA Adans. 


Perennial herbs or shrubs, pubescent, or canescent with forked 
hairs. Leaves entire. Flowers small, white, in terminal racemes; 
petals obovate, entire. Filaments slender, not toothed but with 2 small 

glands at the base. Pods compressed, oval or orbicular. Seeds 1 in 
~ each cell; cotyledons accumbent. 


1. K. maritima (L.) R. Br. Denh. & Clapp Nar. Exp. Afr. 214 
(1826). 
Alyssum maritimum Lam. Encye.1:98 (1783). 
Clypeola maritima Linn. Sp. Pl.652 (1753). 


Procumbent or ascending, freely branching, 1-3 dm. high, minutely 


eet ee = 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispauGyH & NUTTALL I15 


pubescent with straight, appressed hairs. Stem-leaves nearly sessile, 
lanceolate or linear 7-15 x 2-5 mm., basal-leaves oblanceolate, narrowed 
to a petiole. Flowers white, fragrant, about 4mm. broad; pedicels 
ascending, 6-8 mm. long in fruit. Pods glabrous, pointed, oval or 
nearly orbicular, 2-3 mm. Calyx deciduous; stamens not appendaged. 


A European plant escaped from gardens. January to September. Estab- 
lished in waste grounds in several situations near Avalon. Cliff edge. Mrs. 
Trask (N. Y., Field), on the west hillside, Millsp. 4634. SWEET ALYSSUM. 


4. LEPIDIUM Linn. 


Erect or rarely diffuse herbs with pinnatifid lobed or entire 
leaves and racemose white or whitish flowers. Stamens often fewer 
than 6. Petals short, sometimes wanting. Pods oblong to orbicular, 
flattened contrary to the partition, winged or wingless; valves keeled, 
dehiscent. Seeds solitary in each cell, flattened; cotyledons incum- 
bent or rarely accumbent. 


Pedicels flattened: 
Pods strongly winged at apex: 


Pods reticulate. 1. latipes. 
Pods not reticulate: 
Pods hairy. 2. lasiocarpum. 
Pods glabrous. 3. nitidum. 
Pedicels terete: 
Pods slightly winged at apex. 4. medium. 


1. L. latipes Hook. Ic. Pl.t.41 (1837). 


A low, prostrate herb hispid with short, spreading hairs or the 
leaves sometimes glabrous; stems several, stout, simple 2.5-7 cm. 
long; leaves exceeding the stems, irregularly and coarsely pinnatifid 
the segments linear and entire or lobed. Racemes short and cylindrical- 
capitate 2.5cm. or less long in fruit; pedicels 2-4 mm.; sepals very 
unequal ; petals broadly spatulate, ciliate, greenish-white 2-4 mm. long, 
much exceeding the sepals. Pod broadly oval, 4mm. broad, spar- 
ingly pubescent, strongly reticulated, the broad, acute wings nearly as 
long as the pod. 


Saline flats. March. Forming a close carpet in places on the flat at Pebble 
Beach, Trask (N. Y., Field); Millsp. 4729. 


2. L.lasiocarpum Nutt. T.& Gr. Fl. N.A.1:115 (1838). 


An erect or decumbent herb roughly pubescent or puberulent 
with short, spreading hairs; stems rather stout, branched, 7-25 cm. 
high; lower leaves 7-10 cm. long, more or less ciliolate at least on the 
petioles, pinnate, with ovate to oblong sparingly toothed segments ; 
upper leaves 2.5-5 cm. long incisely pinnatifid, lobes narrow, or the 
uppermost entire. Petals none or very small; stamens 2; pods 
rounded, 3-4.5mm. broad, hispid on the margin winged at the apex, 
with short, obtuse teeth, crowded in a narrow raceme on _ short, 
ascending or horizontal pedicels. 


116 Fire~tp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vor. V. 


Among dry pebbles of arroyas and beaches. January to April. Dall & 
Baker (Gray, Field); Trask (N. Y., Field); Brandegee*; Catalina Harbor on 
Ballast Point, Millsp. 4614, 4791. SMOOTH PEPPERGRASS. 


3. L.nitidum Nutt. T. & Gr. idid 116. 


An erect herb, glabrous or somewhat pubescent; stems simple 
or branched, 6-24cm. high; leaves pinnately cut into narrow linear 
acuminate segments, the uppermost often entire. Petals small. Pods 
in a loose raceme, spreading, glabrous and mostly shining, rounded, 
3-4.5mm. broad, acutely and mostly colorate margined, the wings 
short, obtuse and slightly spreading, pedicels 2-4 mm. long. 

Dry, open, barren places. January to April. Brandegee. Avalon, on 
Reservoir Hill; on the flat at Pebble Beach; Hay Press near the Coach Road; 
reg ee at the Isthmus, Millsp. 4906, 4476, 4678, 4625. HAIRY PEPPER- 


4. L.medium Greene Erythr. 3:36 (1895). 
L. intermedium Gray Pl. Wr. 2:15 (1853) not A. Rich. (1847). 


An erect and branching herb with the general habit of L. virgini- 
cum, 1.5-4 dm. high, glabrous or puberulent on the stems and branches. 
Lower leaves 2.5-5 cm. long, toothed or pinnatifid, the upper oblong 
or linear entire or indefinitely toothed. Petals wanting. Pods smooth 
or rarely slightly puberulent, rounded, 2-3 mm. broad, very shortly 
winged at apex; pedicels spreading, about 4 mm. long. 

Dry, open situations. April to May. Avalon, on the Golf Links, Nuttall 167. 
Knopf 324. 


5. SISYMBRIUM Linn. 


An aquatic or uliginose herb with pinnately divided leaves and 
small white flowers in terminal racemes. Pods linear to linear-oblong, 
slender pedicelled, tipped with the rather stout style. Valves nerveless. 
Seeds in 2 rows in each cell. Cotyledons accumbent. 


1. S. Nasturtium-aquaticum Linn. Sp. Pl. 657 (1753). 
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed.2,4:110 (1812). 


Glabrous, branching, floating or creeping, rooting from the nodes. 
Leaves pinnately divided into 3-9 segments the terminal larger, obtuse, 
ovate or oval or the terminal lobe nearly orbicular. Racemes elongated 
in fruit; flowers 4-5 mm. broad; petals twice the length of the calyx. 
Pods slightly curved upward, 12-30x 2mm. on spreading pedicels 
about half their length; seeds distinctly in 2 rows. 

A European plant established in perpetual streamlets. July to September. 


Brandegee; Middle Ranch Creek, Smith 5113, Nuttall 758, 896; Cottonwood 
Creek near the mouth, Nuttall 852, Knopf 227. WATERCRESS. 


*L. lasiophyllum (Brandegee misprint in his “Plants of Santa Rosa Island.”) 


FiLoraA oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispauGcH & NUTTALL I17 


6. THYSANOCARPUS Hook. 


Erect, slender, sparingly branched annuals with minute, white or 
rose-colored flowers in elongated racemes. Fruit mostly pendulous 
on slender pedicels ; pods 1-celled, indehiscent, plano-convex and greatly 
compressed, orbicular, winged or margined, 1-seeded. Seeds pendu- 
lous, somewhat flattened, not alate. 


1. T.laciniatus Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl.N.A.1:118 (1838). 


A smooth, slender, somewhat glaucous annual 2-4 dm. high. 
Leaves rather thin not forming a rosette at the base, linear, entire or 
deeply pinnatifid into narrow, linear segments; upper leaves entire, 
20-30 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, narrowed at the base. Racemes 10-25 
em. long. Pods orbicular or nearly so, 3-3.5 mm. in diameter including 
the entire or slightly and irregular crenate border, glabrous, pulveru- 
lent or sometimes minutely pubescent; pedicels slender, spreading, 
generally deflexed. 

Dry, open situations. February to June. Tyask (N. Y., Field) ; Brandegee! ; 
Avalon Canon near the Golf Links, Millsp. 4721, 4731; Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 
163, 1076. LACE-POD. ‘ 

There appear to be many races of the species both on the island and the 
main land, races that intermix in all characters sufficiently to exclude Dr. 
Greene’s T. affinis and T. ramosus from specific distinction. Pringle’s specimens 
from “Mountains, San Diego Co.” have the hirtellous pods of JT. affinis, yet 
they have the wide scarious margin of laciniatus and ramosus. The leaf char- 
acters are very various in all specimens that we have examined. 


7. THELYPODIUM Endl. 

Erect, glabrate, biennial or perennial herbs with simple, 
entire, toothed or pinnatifid leaves and racemose white or purplish 
flowers. Pods nearly terete, linear, with a short stipe in some 
species; valves nerved, dehiscent. Style short; stigma nearly entire. 
Seeds in one row in each cell, oblong, marginless. Cotyledons ob- 
liquely incumbent. 


1. T.lasiophyllum (Hook. & Arn.) Greene Bull. Torr. Club 13:142 
(1886). 
Turritis lasiophylla H. & A. Bot. Beech. 321 (1841). 
Sisymbrium reflexum Nutt. Pl. Gambel. 183 (1848). 


Erect, annual, simple or sparingly branched above the middle, 
hispid below, often smoothish above. Leaves oblanceolate in general 
outline, irregularly sinuate toothed or pinnatifid with spreading, acute, 
entire or toothed segments; 4-12 cm. long, distinctly petioled or the 
upper sessile by a narrow base. Inflorescence racemose. Sepals ob- 
long, one-half as long as the petals; petals narrow, spatulate, 3-5 mm. 
long, yellowish-white or pale rose. Pods usually deflexed or widely 
spreading, slender, attenuate, 3-5 cm. long on pedicles 2-3 mm. long. 


118 Frerp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vo. V. 


Dry situations. March to July. Brandegee; Along Pebble Beach Road 
and on the flat at the beach, Smith 5062; Millsp. 4751; Nuttall 62, 200. 


[T. laciniatum Endl. is reported doubtfully in Brandagee’s list. 
It does not appear in any of the collections from the island that we 
have examined. ]. 


8. CARDAMINE Linn. 


Erect or ascending herbs with scaly or bulbiferous rootstocks, or 
fibrous roots. Leaves entire, lobed or divided. Flowers white or 
purple, in racemes or corymbs. Stamens 6, rarely 4. Pods elongated, 
flat, generally erect, elastically dehiscent at maturity; valves nervelss 
or but faintly nerved. Stipe wanting. Seeds in 1 row in each cell, 
compressed, marginless. Cotyledons equal or unequal, accumbent. 


1. CC. paucisecta Benth. Pl. Hartw. 297 (1830). 
Dentaria californica Nutt. T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1:88 = (1838). 


Rootstalk slender, tubers small; stem 2-3 dm. high, rather stout, 
simple or branched above, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves: basal entire 
or 3-foliate, the leaflets petioluate, suborbicular, sinuate or coarsely 
toothed ; cauline 2-4, mostly short-petoiled and above the middle of the 
stem, deeply lobed or pinnately. 3-foliolate, rarely simple; leaflets 
mostly petiolulate, ovate or lanceolate-linear, entire or toothed, 2-7 cm. 
long. Flowers white or rose colored. Pods 2-6 cm. long; style 4-6 mm. 
long. Seeds oblong. 

In damp, shady situations in rich soil beneath trees. March to May. Dall & 
Baker (Gray: Field); Trask (N. Y., Field). Woodland bordering the Coach 


Road between Cherry Valley and Howland’s Landing, March 17, 1920, Millsp. 
4808. 


9. NORTA Adans. 


Biennial herbs with alternate pinnatifid or dentate leaves and 
medium sized yellow flowers. Pubescense when present of simple 
hairs. Sepals spreading. Pods narrowly linear, much elongated, terete 
or nearly so, divergent or ascending. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds in 1 or 2 
rows in each cell, oblong, not winged. Cotyledons incumbent. 


i. N.altissima (L.) Britton Brit. & Brown Ill. Flora 2:174 (1913). 
Sisymbrium altissimum Linn. Sp. Pl.659 (1753). 
Sisymbrium pannonicum Jacq. Coll. 1:70 (1786). 


Erect, 6-12 dm. high, freely branching, glabrous or nearly so. 
Lowest leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, petioled, the lobes lanceolate, often 
auriculate ; upper leaves smaller, shorter petioled or nearly sessile, very 
deeply pinnatifid, the lobes linear or lanceolate, dentate or entire, often 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MiIttspaucH & Nutrati 119 


with a narrow projection on the lower side near the base; uppermost 
leaves often reduced to linear nearly entire bracts. Flowers yellowish, 
about 6mm. broad; pedicels 6-8mm. long spreading or ascending, 
thickened in fruit. Pods very narrowly linear, stiff, divergent, 5-10 
em. long, 1 mm. wide, valves with a prominent midrib. 

Dry, open situations. January to July. Avalon, on the Golf Links and 


near Chicken Johnny’s, Millsp. 4635, 4661, 4543; on freshly turned soil along 
the Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 165. 


10. BRASSICA Linn. 


Erect branching herbs with pinnatifid basal leaves and showy 
yellow flowers in elongated racemes. Pod elongated, sessile, terete or 
4-sided, tipped with an indehiscent, conic, usually 1-seeded beak; 
valves convex, I-3-nerved; seeds oblong, marginless, in one row in each 
cell. Cotyledons conduplicate. 


Leaves not clasping the stem, upper sessile. 1) nied: 
Leaves clasping the stem. 2. campestris. 


1. B.nigra (L.) Koch, Roehl. Deutsche Fl. Ed. 3, 4:713 (1833). 


Annual, erect .75-2.25m. high, freely and widely branching, 
pubescent or glabrate. Lower leaves slender petioled, deeply pinnatifid 
with 1 terminal large lobe and 2-4 smaller lateral ones, all dentate 
throughout; upper leaves shorter petioled or sessile, pinnatifid or 
dentate ; the uppermost reduced to lanceolate or oblong, entire. Flowers 
bright yellow 7-10 mm. broad; pedicels slender, appressed 4 mm. long 
in fruit. Pods narrowly linear, 4-angled, 1-1.5cm. long appressed 
against the rachis forming narrow racemes; beak slender; seeds dark 
brown. } 

Roadsides, open, waste grounds and cultivated fields. February to July. 
Brandegee; Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Avalon, on the Golf Links and at the Wish- 


bone on the Coach Road, Millsp. 4766, 4681; Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 308; 
Nuttall 213. BLACK MUSTARD, WILD MUSTARD. 


2. B.campestris Linn. Sp. Pl. 666 (1753). 


Biennial, stem 3 dm. to I m. high, branching, glabrous and glaucous 
or sometimes slightly pubescent below. Lower leaves petioled, pubes- 
cent, more or less lobed or pinnatifid ; upper lanceolate or oblong, acute 
or obtusish, sessile and clasping the stem by an auricled base, entire or 
dentate, glabrous. Flowers bright yellow, 8-10mm. broad; pedicels 
spreading or ascending, often 2.5cm. long in fruit. Pods 3.5-5 cm. 
long tipped with a beak 8-11 mm. long. 


Roadsides, waste places and cultivated fields. March to July. Avalon, 
on the Golf Links, Millsp. 4767. FIELD MUSTARD. 


11. RAPHANUS Linn. 


Erect or widely branching from the base, annual or binennial 
herbs. Leaves lyrate. Flowers showy. Pod elongated, fleshy or corky, 


120. Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


constricted between the seeds or continuous and spongy. Indehiscent. 
Seeds globose; cotyledons conduplicate. 


1. R.sativus Linn. Sp. Pl.669 (1753). 


Biennial or annual from a more or less fleshy root; erect and 
freely branching, 3-5 dm. high, sparsely pubescent with stiff hairs 
especially near the base, sometimes glabrous above. Lower leaves 
deeply lyrate-pinnatifid, segments crenate or dentate. Flowers white, 
pink or purplish, 12-18mm. broad. Pods large, mostly smooth or 
longitudinally lined, corky, slightly grooved between the seeds when 
fully mature, beak conical, 1-2cm. long; seeds 2-several. 

Ditches and cultivated fields. January to June. Avalon, fields and ditches 


beyond the Golf Links, Millsp. 4732, Nuttall 133, 582, 746; along the Coach Road 
near the Summit, Millsp. 4581; White’s Valley, Knopf 93. WILD RADISH. 


Order 9. ROSALES. 


Herbs, shrubs or trees, the flowers usually petaliferous and the 
petals distinct. Stamens mostly perigynous or epigynous. Sepals 
mainly united or confluent with the concave receptacle. Carpels one 
or more, distinct or sometimes united into a compound ovary. 


Flowers regular: 
_Endosperm present : 


Herbs: 
Carpels as many as sepals. I. CRASSULACEAE. 
Carpels mostly 2. 2. SAXIFRAGACEAE, 
Shrubs or trees: 
Fruit a berry. 3. GROSSULARIACEAE. 
Fruit a follicle. 4. CUNONIACEAE. 
Endosperm wanting : 
Seeds with a fimbriate aril. 5. CROSSOSOMATACEAE. 
Seeds without an aril: 
Carpels distinct or berry-like. 6. ROSACEAE. 
Carpels united in a pome. 7. MALACEAE, 
Carpels solitary fruit a drupe. 8. AMYGDALACEAE, 
Flowers irregular: 
Fruit a legume. 9. FABACEAE. 


Family 1. CRASSULACEZ. 
ORPINE FAMILY 


Herbs, or somewhat shrubby plants, mostly fleshy or succulent, 
with cymose, or rarely racemose or solitary, regular, symmetrical, 
mostly perfect flowers. Stipules none. Calyx persistent, free from 
the ovary or ovaries, mostly 4-5-parted or 4-5-lobed. Petals equal in 
number to the calyx-segments, distinct, or more or less united, usually 
persistent, rarely wanting. Stamens of the same number or twice as 
many as the petals: anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Receptacle 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLuspauGH & NUTTALL 121 


usually with a scale at the base of each carpel. Carpels equal in 
number to the sepals, distinct, or united below; styles subulate or fili- 
form; ovules numerous, arranged in 2 rows along the ventral suture, 
rarely few, or solitary. Follicles 1-celled, dehiscent along the ventral 
suture. Seeds minute; endosperm fleshy; embryo terete; cotyledons 
short, obtuse. 

Stamens as many as the calyx lobes: 


Flowers clustered, carpels 1-2-seeded. I. TILLAEA 
Stamens twice as many as the calyx lobes: 
Corolla tubular, lobes long, erect. 2. DuDLEYA. 


Corolla short-campanulate, lobes spreading. 3. StTyLopHYLLUM. 


1. TILLAEA Linn. 


Minute glabrous annual herbs, with opposite entire leaves and 
very small axillary, clustered flowers. Calyx 3-5-parted. Petals 3-5, 
distinct, or united at the base. Carpels 3-5, distinct, styles short, 
subulate. Ovules usually few. Carpels 1-2-seeded. 


I. T.erecta H. & A. Bot. Voy. 24 (1830). 

Tillaea minima Miers. H. & A. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3:338 (1833). 

Tufted, branched, 8 cm. high or less, the branches erect or ascend- 
ing. Leaves connate at base, ovate to oblong, acute, 1.5-3 mm. long; 
flowers in axillary bracted clusters; pedicels very short, or often fili- 
form and as long as the leaves or longer; sepals mostly 4, ovate, acute, 
about Imm. long, somewhat longer than the narrowly lanceolate 
acuminate petals; seeds commonly solitary. 


In exposed sandy soils. February to May. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee; 
sandy bottom land at Howland’s, Millsp. 4811; Avalon Valley, right hand hol- 
low below Chicken Johnny’s, Nuttall 143; Pacific slope of the Salta Verde, 
Knopf 384. 

Brandegee lists Tillaea angustifolia as common on Catalina. We have 
been unable either to find a specimen of his or other collecting, nor have our 
collectors seen the plant. His reference may possibly be correct as it is found 
2 = mainland at San Diego, but the species cannot be “common” on the 
island. 


2. DUDLEYA Britton & Rose. 

Caulescent or acaulescent perennials with flat linear to ovate basal 
leaves, and yellow, orange, red or rarely white flowers mostly in 
panicles. Leaves of the flowering branches usually much shorter and 
relatively broader than the basal ones, sessile or clasping. Calyx 
conspicuous, 5-lobed, the lobes erect, linear-lanceolate to ovate, obtuse 
to acuminate. Corolla neary cylindric, or somewhat angled, the seg- 
ments united below the middle, erect, or their tips somewhat spreading, 
obtuse or acuminate. Stamens twice as many as the calyx-lobes, 
distinct. Carpels erect, many-seeded. 


122 Fretp Museum or Natrurat History—Bortany, Vo. V. 


1. D.Greenei Rose Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.3:17 (1903). 


Caudex short and thick. Leaves in rosettes, numerous, strap- 
shaped, 6-7 cm. long, 15 mm. broad at base, acute, very glaucous, drying 
thick and leathery; flowering stalk 3-4dm. high, bearing scattered 
ovate-acuminate leaves; inflorescence consisting of numerous secund 
racemes; pedicels stout, ascending, 2-4 mm. long; calyx 4 mm. high, 
deeply 5-parted, the lobes broadly lanceolate, acute; corolla 8-10 mm. 
long, its tube 2 mm. long. 

Dry rockfaces near the sea. April to June. Trask; McClatchie (as 


Cotyledon caespitosum); Mrs. C. E. Miller; vicinty of Avalon, Eastwood 6489; 
Pebble Beach Road, Millsp. 4760, Nuttall 67. 


3. STYLOPHYLLUM Britt. & Rose. 


Perennials with more or less branched rootstocks; basal leaves 
linear, elongated, terete, or flattened but always narrow, sometimes 
abruptly widened below into a broad clasping base; flowering stems 
with long sessile leaves not clasping at base. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes 
ovate, equal and small. Corolla companulate, not angled, white, red 
or yellowish, its lobes broad, thin and spreading, united below into a 
tube. Stamens 10, borne on the corolla-tube. Carpels 5, united below, 
generally strongly spreading as in Sedum. 


Leaves acute, 11-15 cm. long. I, insulare. 
Leaves obtuse, 8-10 cm. long. 2. Hassei. 


1. §. insulare Rose. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3:34 (1903). Plate 
Mr) 


Stems very thick and woody, 6-8 cm. in diameter, crowned by a 
rosette of spreading leaves, the old leaves somewhat persistent. Leaves 
11-15 cm. long, 1-1.5cm. broad above the base, 2cm. broad at base, 
fleshy, much flattened except toward the apex, acute, more or less 
glaucous especially when young; flowering branch stout, purplish, 3-4 
dm. long; inflorescence paniculately branched ; primary branches short, 
nearly equal, two or three times dichotomous, the ultimate branches 
short and few flowered; calyx 3 mm. long, its lobes twice as long as. 
the tube, ovate, acute; corolla 7mm. long, reddish, somewhat cam- 
panulate, its tube about the length of the carpels; carpels united at 
base, widely spreading. 

Dry cliffs and break-offs near the sea. May to July. Trask, June 10, 1902, 


type in U. S. Nat’l Herb., fragm. in herb. Field. Reported by Mrs. Trask as 
Cotyledon lanceolatum. 


2. S. Hassei Rose tbid. 35. 


Caudex elongated, sometimes about 3 dm. long, 2-3 cm. in diameter, 
somewhat branching, covered with the old persistent leaves, crowned 
with a dense erect rosette. Leaves very glaucous, linear, not tapering 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 123 


except toward the apex, 10cm. long or less, 1 cm. wide or less, thick 


but flattened below, terete and obtuse toward apex; flowering stems 


weak, their primary branches 1-2-dichotomous, the ultimate branches 
slender and many flowered; calyx small, glaucous, 4mm. long, cleft 
to or below the middle, its lobes ovate, acute; corolla-tube about I mm. 
long; carpels widely spreading in age. 


Beach cliffs. May to June. Trask; Hasse, May 30, 1902, type in U. S. 
Nat’l Herb., co-type Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Herb. Field. 


Family 2. SAXIFRAGACEZ. 
SAXIFRAGE FAMILY 


Annual or perennial, caulescent or acaulescent herbs. Leaves 
alternate or sometimes opposite, commonly all basal, rarely stipulate ; 
blades simple and entire, toothed, lobed or divided, the teeth often 
pore-bearing. Flowers perfect, borne in simple or compound open or 
congested cymes or racemes, usually terminating the main stem, or 
lateral branches which arise from the axils of the leaves near the apex 
of the rootstock. Hypanthium usuaily well-developed, flat, turbinate, 
campanulate or cylindric, more or less adnate to the base of the 
gynoecium. Calyx of 5, or rarely 4 or more sepals. Corolla of as 
many distinct petals as there are sepals, or wanting. Androecium of 
as many or twice as many stamens as there are sepals, borne on the 
edge or on the inner surface of the hypanthium; filaments subulate to 
clavate. Gynoecium of 2 or rarely 3 or 4 carpels, wholly or partially 
united or rarely dstinct, the placentae parietal, axial or basal. Ovary 
partially or wholly inferior. Fruit a capsule or follicle. Seeds with 
fleshy endosperm. 


Placentae parietal, flowers racemose. 1. LITHOPHRAGMA. 
Placentae axial, flowers cymose. 2. JEPSONIA. 


1. LITHOPHRAGMA Nutt. 


Perennial herbs with slender bulblet-bearing rootstocks and 
axial leafy flowering shoots. Hypanthium from campanulate or 
hemispheric and adnate only to the base of the gyncecium to elongated- 
turbinate and adnate to the lower half of the gyncecium. Sepals 5, 
valvate in aestivation, rounded to triangular. Petals white or rose- 
colored, clawed, digitately or pinnately divided, toothed or entire, 
much exceeding the sepals. Stamens 10, included; filaments short; 
anthers cordate. Gynoecium I-celled with 3 parietal placentae, 3- 
valved at the apex; styles 3, short. Seeds many, horizontal. 


124 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


1. L.catalineze Rydb. N. A. Flora 22:88 (1905). 


Stem about 3 dm. high, sparingly glandular-pubescent ; petioles of 
basal leaves about 5cm. long, more or less glandular-hairy; blades 
reniform, 3-4.5cm. wide, sparingly pubescent, thin, indistinctly 3-5- 
lobed and crenate with very broad-rounded or truncate teeth; stem- 
leaves with short petioles, which are more or less dilated, and broad 
fimbriate stipules; blades deeply 3-cleft with broadly oval, crenate 
divisions ; hypanthium broadly obconic, 3-3.5mm. broad, 2.5-3 mm. 
high, or with the sepals about 4mm. high; sepals triangular; petals 
7-8mm. long; blades usually 3-cleft, with rather short, very acute 
lateral lobes. 

On moist rich canyon sides and bottoms in shade. March to May. Trask; 


Brandegee (as Tellima affinis); Silver Canyon, Millsp. 4880; Descanso and Golf 
Links Canyons, Nuttall 177, 500. 


2. JEPSONIA Small. 


Perennial acaulescent herbs, with bulb-like rootstocks supporting 
a short caudex and several slender autumnal scapes. Leaves alternate, 
all basal, vernal; blades about as broad as long, shallowly lobed and 
toothed, cordate at the base, petioled. Flowers in terminal cymes. 
Hypanthium with a flat base. Sepals 5, partially united into a cam- 
panulate, somewhat corolloid, veiny tube which surmounts the hypan- 
thium. Corolla white or nearly so, regular. Petals 5, of a spatulate 
type, withering-persistent, the claws partially adnate to the calyx-tube. 
Filaments adnate to the calyx-tube, but not as high up as the petals. 
Ovary superior, the 2 carpels united to about the middle. Follicles 
veiny, the bodies filling the calyx-tube, the slender beaks diverging at 
a right angle. Seeds prominently 4-ridged. 


1. J.neonuttalliana Millsp. sp. nov. 


Caudex subterra e bulbo ovato 2.5x1.5cm; foliis omnibus radi- 
calibus ; petiolo longo tenuique ; lamina orbiculato-cordata acriter sed 
non profunde i in 5 lobos i incisa, supra et ad venas infra pilosa; margine 
irregulariter acriterque serrato; scapis filiformibus, summa _ panicul- 
ato-racemosis, ramis plerumque 3-floris, floribus 5-7 mm. latis; calyce 
leviter campanulato, glanduloso-hispido, crasso, 10 lineis purpureo- 
lineato ; lobis brevibus, obtusis; petalis albis rubro-venatis, obtusis, 
spathulatis, infra breviter attenuatis, in limbo calycis sub lobos insertis : 
filamentis longitudine parce antheris aequalibus ; carpellis pyriform- 
ibus, supra divergentibus, ad basim unitis, rostro longo tenuique; stig- 
matis capitatis, bilabiatis. Near J. Parryi but much taller and distinct 
in all floral characters. I take pleasure in dedicating this species to 
Mr. L. W. Nuttall, its discoverer, who spent nearly a year in com- 
prehensive field work on the island. 


FLORA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLaND—MILtspaucH & NUTTALL 125 


On open, bare ground, on the interior side of the ridge extending inward 
from Lookout Point, Pebble Beach, November 27, 1920, Nuttall 931. Also 
seen on the bare plateau half way up the Equestrian Trail and in a hollow on the 
eastern slope of Avalon Valley opposite the Saw Mill. 


Family 3. GROSSULARIACEZ. 
CURRANT FAMILY. 


Shrubs, with often fascicled usually lobed petioled leaves, and 
racemose or subsolitary axillary or lateral flowers, the pedicels brac- 
teolate. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 4-5-lobed, often 
colored. Petals 4 or 5, inserted on the throat of the calyx, small, 
scale-like, often included. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted with the petals. 
Ovary I-celled; styles 2, distinct or united. Berry globose or ovoid, 
pulpy, the calyx persistent on its summit. Seeds obscurely angled, their 
outer coat gelatinous, the inner crustaceous. 


1. RIBES Linn. 
Characters of the family as described above. 


1. R.viburnifolium A. Gr. Proc. Am. Acad.17:202 (1882). 


Evergreen, unarmed; branches straggling; young twigs resinous- 
glandular. Leaves thick, dark-green above, pale-green and resinous- 
dotted beneath, ovate to obovate-oval, 2-7cm. long, obtuse at the 
apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, sparingly repand-dentate or 
nearly entire-margined, glabrous or somewhat pubescent when young ; 
petioles rather stout, shorter than the blades, mostly not more than 
Icm. long, pubescent or glabrous; racemes I to 3 from the same 
bud, few-several-flowered, as long as the leaves or shorter, resinous- 
glandular; pedicels filiform, 5-10mm. long; bracts narrowly lanceo- 
late, acute, mostly shorter than the pedicels, caducous; hypanthium 
turbinate; sepals oval, rose-colored, spreading; petals greenish, very 
small; berry subglobose, about 6 mm. in diameter. 


Moist hillside thickets. February to April. Lyon; Mrs. Trask says “It 
covers the steep walls of one canyon to the height of a hundred feet and extends 
in a mass for a quarter of a mile. It festoons the overhanging rocks mile 
after mile of this canyon which should be called ‘Currant Canyon’ ”—she does 
not, however, locate the canyon; near Avalon, Miss Merritt; McClatchie, Grant & 
Wheeler, Walpole; Gallagher’s Canyon, Brandegee, Eastwood 6467, Jepson 3055; 
Equestrian Trail, Millsp. 4654; Bannings Canyon, Nuttall 329; Pebble Beach 
Canyon, Nuttall 1163, Knopf 249; Silver Canyon and near Howland’s, Knopf 
279, 275; Bulrush Canyon, Knopf 355. Transplanted to the grounds of the 
Banning House at the Isthmus from roots brought from the west end; (Millsp. 
4624), the gardner says that it “grows finely in cultivation so long as it is not 
eee, pruning kills it.’ CATALINA PERFUME, BAOBAB, WILD CUR- 


126 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vor. V. 


Family 4. CUNONIACEZ. 
CUNONIA FAMILY. 


Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or rarely ternate or verticillate, 
stipulate, simple or compound. Inflorescence various. Flowers small, 
mostly perfect, sometimes polygamous or dioecious. Hypanthium 
with a hypogynous or perigynous disk within. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 
4 or 5, usually not larger than the sepals. Stamens as many as the 
petals, twice as many, or sometimes more, inserted under the margin 
of the disk; filaments slender, longer than the petals or equaling them; 
anthers short, 2-celled. Carpels usually 2, united into a_ 2-celled 
ovary, or distinct; ovules usually numerous and in 2 rows on the 
placenta. Fruit mostly capsular or follicular. Seeds several or nu- 
merous, often winged; embryo small; endosperm present; cotyledons 
flat or convex. 


1. LYONOTHAMNUS A. Gray. 


A tree or shrub, the bark exfoliating in narrow strips. Leaves 
persistent, petioled, lanceolate, entire, crenate, aspleniform, or com- 
pound with linear-lanceolate aspleniform segments; stipules small, 
lanceolate or linear, deciduous. Flowers’ perfect in large terminal 
compound cymes. Bracts minute, persistent; pedicels very short. 
Hypanthium campanulate, bearing 1-3 minute bractlets. Sepals 5, 
triangular-ovate, persistent. Disk woolly, slightly 10-lobed. Petals 5, 
white, nearly orbicular, not clawed, deciduous. Stamens 15, in pairs 
opposite the petals and singly opposite the sepals; filaments subulate ; 
anthers oblong, introrse, the sacs longitudinally ‘dehiscent. PPistils 2, 
distinct ; ovary ovoid, glandular; style stout, outwardly curved; stigma 
subcapitate. Ovules 4 in each ovary, oblong, anatropous, suspended. 
Fruit of 2 small woody follicles, usually 4-seeded. Seeds oblong, 
pointed, with little endosperm and a membranous testa; cotyledons 
oblong, much longer than the straight radicle; hilum orbicular; raphe 
winged. 


1. L. floribundus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20:292 (1885). Plate 


VII. 

Lyonothamnus asplenifolius Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1:187 
(1886). ; 

Lyonothamnus floribundus asplenifolius Brand. Zoe. 1:136 
(1890). 


A tree, 14m. high or less, the trunk sometimes 3.3dm. in 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—Micispaucu & NUTTALL 127 


diameter, usually smaller, sometimes a mere shrub; bark reddish- 
brown, its strips remaining long attached to the trunk; young twigs 
pubescent, becoming orange-red and glabrous; leaves 2dm. long or 
less, thick, densely white-tomentose beneath when young, becoming 
glabrous, or somewhat pubescent beneath when old, dark-green above, 
paler on the under side, varying greatly from quite simple and entire 
to deeply many-lobed and compound, the lobes close together, oblique, 
acute; cymes 1-2.5dm. broad, densely many-flowered, pubescent ; 
pedicels 2-3 mm. long; hypanthium tomentose, 2-3 mm. in diameter ; 
petals 2-3 mm. broad; follicles rough-glandular, 2.5-3 mm. long. 

Forming groves on canyon sides, at altitudes from 500-1500 ft., facing north- 
erly, June. This unique tree was first found on Catalina by Dr. Gustav Eisen 
in 1874. In 1884 Mr. William S. Lyon sent some specimens, collected at the 
Isthmus (Nevin & Lyon), to Dr. Gray who recognized it as a new genus and 
named it in his honor. Lyon re-collected it, at the same place, in 1885, as his 
number 75, both these collections are in Herb. Gray—Harvard. This type grove 
grows three-quarters of the way up the first gulley south of the Banning House 
and consists of about 50 trees (Millsp. 4792; Nuttall 642, 714). Mrs. Trask, 
who distributed many specimens to various herbaria, remarks that the tree is 
not nearly so rare as was first supposed and claims that beyond the Isthmus 
it is found here and there everywhere. There are several groves on the north 
faces of the upper slopes at Banning’s Canyon (Pollay; Nuttall 788; Knopf 
720); Gallagher’s Canyon (Mrs. Miller; Brandegee; Jepson 3045; Hall 8277-8; 
Nuttall 845); and the upper reaches of Swain’s Canyon (Smith 5174; Knopf 50, 
92, 216). 

This tree is peculiar to the larger islands of the Channel Group where it 
grows in gullies on rocky slopes as described above. On the outer islands, the 
leaves are mostly cut into fern-like form, though on Catalina this form seldom 
occurs. On Catalina the largest trees are in the neighborhood of 60 feet high, 
and often reach over a foot in diameter of trunk. The bark shreds off in 
stringy pieces while the wood is pinkish in color and very heavy, hard and close 
grained. On this account it was used by the natives for spear handles and 


shaft wood, and later by the whites for fishing rods, canes, and similar articles. 
IRONWOOD. 


Family 5. CROSSOSOMATACEZ. 
CROSSOSOMA FAMILY. 

Shrubs or small trees, with rough bitter bark. Leaves alternate, 
often approximate on short branches or clustered on spurs; blades 
simple, leathery, entire. Flowers perfect, solitary at the ends of short 
branches. Hypanthium turbinate. Calyx of 5. persistent sepals. 
Corolla of 5 white or purplish deciduous petals. Androecium of many 
stamens, usually 15 or more; anthers oblong to oval. Gynoecium of 
3-5 stipitate ultimately distinct carpels borne in the base of the hypan- 
thium. Ovary elongate; styles short, at least during anthesis, or obso- 
lete; stigmas depressed. Ovules several or many, borne in 2 rows. 
Fruit a cluster of 2-5 follicles. Seeds globular to reniform, each en- 
closed in a fimbriate aril. Endosperm thin, fleshy. 


1. CROSSOSOMA Nutt. 
Stems usually much-branched. Leaf-blades pinnately-veined, 


128 Fretp Museum oF Naturat History—Borany, Vot. V. 


sessile or nearly so. Flowers pedicelled. Sepals very broad, usually 
suborbicular, concave. Petals spatulate or orbicular-obovate. Stamens 
usually borne in 2 rows. Carpels erect; style short or obsolete; stigma 
minute. Follicles spreading or recurved. Seeds often adherent in a 
body by means of the aril-fringe. 


1. C.californicum Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 2,1:150 (1848). 


Shrub or small tree, with a rough somewhat flaky bark; leaf- 
blades oblong, oblong-obovate, spatulate or linear-spatulate, 2.5-9 cm. 
long, commonly mucronate, sessile, or nearly so; flowers long-pedi- 
celled; hypanthium 4.5-5.5mm. broad at maturity; sepals suborbicu- 
lar, 8-12mm. long; petals white, broadly obovate to oblong-obovate, 
14-18mm. long; follicles drooping, 15-32mm. long, the bodies 
cylindric, wrinkled, each terminating in a curved or hooked beak; 
seeds about 3 mm. in diameter. 

Growing to a height of 3 meters or more and with a trunk up to 15 cm. 
in diameter on the moister wooded hillsides and in canyons. December to July, 
Gambel (who collected the type of this species on Catalina); Dall & Baker; 
Lyon & Nevin; Trask 216 (herb. N. Y.); Miss McClatchie; Davidson 5715; 
Grant ISII; Grant & Wheeler 2351, 6149; Eastwood 6503; Babcock; Brandegee; 
Wallace; Parish 10758; Smith 4990; Moxley 723; Nuttall 1; Millsp. 4480, 4515, 
4910. WILD APPLE (from the general appearance of the tree when in 
flower). 


Family 6. ROSACEZ. 
ROSE FAMILY 


Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate leaves, usually evident 
stipules, perigynous mostly numerous stamens, distinct free pistils 
from one to many, or in one suborder few and coherent with each other 
and with the calyx-tube into a 2-several-celled inferior ovary, and 
anatropous few or solitary seeds destitute of albumen or nearly so: 
these are the characters of this great order. But the stipules are 
sometimes evident only upon vigorous shoots, and rarely fail alto- 
gether, the stamens are sometimes even fewer than the petals or lobes 
of the calyx, and in a few cases the albumen of the seed is somewhat 


copious. 
Herbs: 
Petals present. 2. DRYMOCALLIS. 
Petals absent. 3. APHANES. 
Shrubs: 
Without prickles: 
Flowers in terminal racemes: 
Leaves alternate, toothed. I. SERICOTHECA. 
Leaves fascicled, entire. 4. ADENOSTOMA. 
Flowers solitary or somewhat fascicled. 5. CERCOCARPUS. 


Prickly shrubs: 
Fruit a cluster of drupelets. 6. Rusus. 
Fruit single fleshy enclosing the achenes. 7. Rosa. . 


Fora oF SANTA CaTALina IsLanD—Mitispaucnu & NuTTALt 129 


1. SERICOTHECA Raf. 


Unarmed shrubs with simple toothed or lobed exstipulate deci- 
duous leaves and terminal panicles of numerous white flowers. Calyx 
deeply 5-cleft, nearly rotate. Petals 5, rounded. Stamens 20, inserted 
on an annular perigynous disk. Pistils 5, distinct, becoming 1-seeded 
hairy carpels, tardily dehiscent by the dorsal suture or indehiscent. 


1. S.franciscana Rydb. N. A. Flora 22:262 (1908). 
Schizonotus ariaefolius Greene, Fl. Fran. 58 pt. (1891). 
Holodiscus ariaefolius Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 113 pt. (1894). 


Shrub 1-4m. high; the branches short, rigid; bark grayish 
brown, more or less shreddy; leaves ovate, 3-6cm. long, cuneately 
narrowed to a short winged petiole, pinnately lobed or toothed above 
the middle, green and nearly glabrous above, whitish tomentose be- 
neath ; panicles erect, branching; carpels hirsute. 

Shrubby canyon slopes. July to Sept. Trask, “Found in but one canyon”; 


McClatchie; Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6464 (as Spiraea ariaefolia) ; Ban- 
ning’s Canyon, left fork, Nuttall 669. SPIRAEA. 


2. DRYMOCALLIS Fourr. 


Erect more or less glandular or viscid herbs from perennial 
rootstocks, with pinnate leaves and cymose yellow 5-merous bracteo- 
late flowers. Calyx saucer-shaped or hemispheric. Petals obovate, 
elliptic or nearly orbicular, obtuse. Stamens 20-30 on a persistent 
disk at base of receptacle. Receptacle hemispheric with numerous 
pistils which become dry achenes. Style basal, slightly thickened and 
glandular below, tapering at both ends or nearly filiform, rather per- 
sistent. Seed attached near the base, ascending, orthotropous. 


1. D. glandulosa (Lindl.) Rydb. Mem. Bot. Columb. Univ. 2:198 


(1898). 
Potentilla glandulosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1583 (1833). 


Stem strict, 3-6 dm. high, indistinctly striate, viscid and glandular- 
hairy, especially upward, subsimple below, irregularly branched above ; 
lower stipules lanceolate, the upper ovate, acuminate, and usually 
deeply toothed ; basal leaves with petioles 2-10 cm. long, pinnate, some- 
times interruptedly so; leaflets 7-9 sparingly hairy, nearly glabrous on 
the upper surface, obovate, generally obtuse, simply or doubly serrate 
with: broad teeth, the upper usually a little larger, 1-3 cm. long; stem- 
leaves smaller, short-petioled, 3-7-foliate; flowers in an open many 
flowered cyme, 10-15 mm. in diameter; hypanthium glandular-hirsute, 
in fruit 6-7 mm. broad; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, much 
shorter than the oblong or ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate or 
acute sepals, which are 6-7 mm. or in fruit about 1 cm. long; petals 


130 Fretp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vor, V. 


obovate, about equaling the sepals; stamens 20-25; pistils many; styles 
fusiform. 


So far collected only by Dr. Davidson. Shaded by oaks in a ravine branch 
of Avalon Canyon, in late August, 1893. . 


3. APHANES Linn. 


Small annual herbs. Leaves short-petioled or subsessile; stipules 
connate and adnate to the petioles or leaf-blades, few-toothed; blades 
deeply digitately 3-parted and again toothed and lobed. Inflorescence 
forming small axillary clusters. Hypanthium ellipsoid-urceolate, con- 
tracted at the mouth. Disk poorly developed. Sepals usually 5, rarely 
4, subtended by as many or fewer smail bractlets, which, however, 
occasionally are lacking. Petals none. Stamens usually solitary, rarely 
2-5, inserted opposite one or more sepals, but sometimes by shifting, 
inserted almost between them; filaments short ; anthers introrse. Pistils 
1-4, usually 2. styles slender, basal; stigmas capitate. 


1. A.cuneifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. N. A. Flora 22:380 (1908). 
Alchemulla cuneifolia Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A 1:432 (1840). 
Alchemilla arvensis of Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif.1:185 (1876) 

non Scop. 

Low slender annual; stem often simple or somewhat branched, 
ascending or erect, 2-10cm. high, rather sparingly pubescent with 
ascending hairs; stipules less than 5 mm. long, connate, with 2-4 ovate 
teeth ; lower leaf-blades short-petioled, the upper sessile, 2-8 mm. long, 
cuneate, sparingly pubescent, 3-cleft about halfway down, their divis- 
ions with 2-4 ovate teeth; hypanthium nearly 1 mm. long, urceolate, 
pubescent with short, spreading hairs or glabrous; bractlets minute or 
often wanting ; sepals ovate, about one-third as long as the hypanthium ; 
achenes usually solitary. 


Shady places in canyons. July. Near the west end of the island, Lyon 30 
(included in Brandegee list). LADY’S MANTLE. This is the only specimen 
of the species so far found on the island. 


4. ADENOSTOMA H. & A. 


Shrubs with fascicled or alternate, rigid, filiform or clavate leaves. 
Inflorescence paniculate with short spike-like branches. Hypanthium 
urceolate or obconic, 10-angled, in fruit enclosing the single achene, 
often with 5 glands in the throat alternate with the sepals. Sepals 5, 
rounded, mucronate. Petals 5, orbicular, spreading. Stamens 10-15, 
2 or 3 opposite each sepal; anthers sub-globose. Pistils solitary; ovary 
obliquely obovoid, covered at the top by a hairy cushion; style lateral, 


FLORA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 131 


inserted under the edge of the cushion; twice bent; stigma capitate; 
ovules solitary; pendulous. 


1. A. fasciculatum H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 139 (1832). Plate 
Vins 


A diffusely branched shrub, 0.5-6 m. high; bark of the twigs red- 
dish, glabrous or slightly puberulent, that of the older branches gray 
and becoming shreddy ; leaves fascicled, filiform-clavate, short-petioled, 
usually somewhat curved, acute, shining, glabrous, 5-1omm. long, 
thick, channeled on one side; bracts and bractlets lanceolate, callous- 
spinose-tipped; hypanthium obconic, 2mm. long, strongly striately 
10-angled; sepals semi-obicular, mucronate, spreading; petals white, 
orbicular, scarcely 1.5 mm. long; filaments filiform, about equaling the 
petals. 

In extensive groves principally on the northerly slopes of canyons at from 
200-800 feet altitude. April to October, but full blooming in June. Frequently 
seen with a trunk a foot in diameter and a height of twenty-five feet. Lyon 53; 
Trask; Brandegee; canyon south of Avalon, Pendleton 1385; Cherry Canyon, 
Smith 5097, Knopf 173; a whole hillside, at Fourth o’ July, with only one branch 
in bloom in March, Millsp. 4794; near the top of the Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 
159; high ridge trail from White's Landing to Echo Lake, Knopf 102; at the 
Isthmus, Eastwood 6506. GREASEWOOD. 

The roots are always swollen into bulb or tuber-like masses which are 
largely sought for as firewood, in fact, they furnish the principal domestic fuel 
on the island. They burn slowly, at first, but finally yield lasting hot coals. 


5. CERCOCARPUS H. B. K. 


Shrubs or trees with hard wood. Leaves alternate, simple, 
toothed or entire-margined; stipules adnate to the petioles. Flowers 
axillary, solitary or fasciculate. Hypanthium with a cylindric persis- 
tent tube, abruptly widening into a turbinate or campanulate deciduous 
limb. Sepals 5, from broadly triangular to nearly subulate. Corolla 
wanting. Stamens 15 or more, inserted at different heights on the 
limb of the hypanthium; filaments subulate or filiform, distinct ; anthers 
subrotund or broadly elliptic, emarginate at each end, affixed dorsally 
above the base, dehiscent longitudinally. Pistil solitary, inserted in the 
bottom of the hypanthium; ovary cylindric-fusiform, sessile; style 
terminal, elongate, plumose; stigma undivided, terminal. Ovules soli- 
tary, basal. Seed cylindric; cotyledons linear. 

Leaves coriaceous, veins strong, raised beneath. 1. Traskiae. 
Leaves not coriaceous, not strongly raised beneath: 


Hypanthium and young leaves with spreading hairs. 2. alnifolius. 
Hypanthium and young leaves silky strigose. 3. betuloides. 


1. C. Traskiz Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. 3,1:136 (1898). 
A tree, 3-7.5m. high, with a trunk 5-25cm. in diameter; bark 


132 Friertp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V. 


~ 


rough, grayish-brown; branches downy-tomentose; petioles stout, 
about 5 mm. long; leaf-blades orbicular to oval, 2-6cm. long, 1-5 cm. 
wide, obtuse or acutish at the apex, subcordate, truncate or’ rarely 
cuneate at the base, deeply dentate to nearly entire, glabrous and glossy 
in age above, densely white-tomentose beneath; lateral veins about 7-8 
on each side, very prominent beneath; flowers polygamous, in fascicles 
of 3-7, pedicelled; tube of the hypanthium about 1 cm. long, densely 
villous-tomentose ; limb open-campanulate, tomentose without, glabrous 
within, together with the sepals 5-8 mm. broad; sepals broadly trian- 
gular; stamens numerous; filaments slender; anthers tomentose, the 
cells oblong; achenes I cm. long, silky-strigose; style in fruit about 
5 cm. long. 


In a dry arroya at the Salta Verde. March to June. This rare species, of 
Mountain Mahogany, has only been coilected by Mrs. Trask. It grows in a 
single small “grove” in the locality mentioned above. Specimens are in the her- 
baria of the Calif Acad. Sci.; Gray; N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Field Museum. 


2. C.alnifolius Rydb. N. A. Flora 22:421 (1913). 
Cercocarpus betulaefolius Blancheae Schneid, Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. 


Ges. 14:127 (1905). 


Tree 5-10 m. high, with a trunk 2-5 dm. in diameter; bark gray, 
rough, on the older parts much cracked; branches glabrate; petioles 
about Icm. long; leaf-blades rounded-oval, 3-6cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. 
wide, sparingly appressed-pubescent when young but glabrate above, 
somewhat villous-tomentulose beneath, dentate with short and broad 
teeth; lateral veins 6 or 7 on each side; tube of the hypanthium about 
12mm. long, villous-tomentose; limb hemispheric-campanulate, to- 
gether with the sepals 6-7 mm. wide, villous-tomentose without, glabrate 
within ; sepals broadly triangular, obtuse; achenes about 12 mm. long, 
silky ; style i in fruit 5-6cm. long, ‘usually strongly curved. 

On canyon slopes, February to June. Trask; Descanso Canyon, Parish 
10752, Smith 5018; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5006; Avalon Canyon, Millsp. 4718; 


Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 21; Middle Ranch Canyon, Knopf 393; Bulrush 
Canyon, Knopf 352. MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY, HARD TACK 


2. C. betuloides Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl.N. A.1:427 (June 1840). 
Cercocarpus betulaefolius Nutt. Hook. Ic. Pl. 322. (Oct. 1840). 
Cercocarpus parvifolius glaber Wats. Bot. Calif.1:175 (1876). 


A tree 3-10 m. high, with smooth bark, separating into scales fall- 
ing off in the autumn; branches glabrous or nearly so; petioles 2-4 mm. 
long, appressed-hairy or glabrate ; leaf-blades obovate or oval, 1.5-5 cm. 
long, I1-2.5 cm. wide, crenate-serrate above the middle with short teeth, 
rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, sparingly appressed-hairy 
when young; soon glabrate, dark-green above, paler beneath, compara- 
tively thin; lateral veins 5 or 6 on each side, not very thick beneath; 
tube of the hypanthium 8-10 mm. long, silky-strigose ; limb turbinate, 
slightly silky to crispid-strigose without, glabrous within, together with 
the sepals 6mm. broad; sepals broadly triangular, obtuse; stamens 
rather numerous; achenes 10-12 mm. long, style in fruit 6-7 cm. long. 


ee ss ee . - 
a ee ee ee a 


a 
\ 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispaucH & NUTTALL 133 


Moist canyon sides and bottoms. January to July. The commonest species. 
Trask; Brandegee; Toumey; Rock Spring Canyon and Pebble Beach Road, 
Smith 5067, 5165, Pendleton 1406, Reed 2836, Millsp. 4705; Descanso Canyon, 
Parish 10752, Jepson 2031; Avalon Canyon, Eastwood 6485, Nuttall 89, 603; 
Hamilton Canyon, Nuttall 692, Knopf 152; Isthmus, Lyon, Eastwood 6504; 
Chicken John’s Canyon, Middle Ranch Canyon, and Bulrush Canyon, Knopf 
337, 361, 350, 358. This species of MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY sometimes at- 
tains a height of 40 feet. 


6: RUBUS Linn: 


Low shrubs or trailing vines, usually prickly, with alternate leaves, 
the stipules adnate to the petioles. Flowers terminal or axillary, soli- 
tary, racemose or panicled, white or purplish, mostly perfect. Calyx 
persistent, bractless, deeply 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens many, in- 
serted on the calyx, distinct. Carpels many, inserted on a convex or * 
elongated receptacle, ripening into drupelets and forming an aggregate 
fruit. Ovules 2, 1 abortive; style terminal, slender. Seed pendulous. 


1. R. vitifolius C.&S. Linnaea2:10 (1827). 


Stems climbing over bushes or trailing, biennial, 1-2 m. long, 
hirsute and with weak, mostly straight prickles, sometimes glabrate 
the second year; leaves of the shoots 3-foliolate; stipules linear-subulate, 
about I cm. long; petioles, petiolules, and midveins hirsute as well as 
prickly ; petioles 3-4 cm. long; leaflets ovate, acute or short-acuminate 
at the apex, obtuse or rounded, or rarely subcordate, at the base, 
sparingly hirsute on both sides, or glabrate in age, sharply double- 
serrate, green on both sides, 4-8cm. long; petiolule of the terminal 
leaflet 1-2 cm. long, those of the lateral ones 1-3 mm. long; leaves of the 
floral branches ternate or unifoliolate; leaflets of the ternate leaves 
similar to those of the shoots, but more rhombic-ovate, less acuminate 
at the apex and often acutish at the base; unifoliolate leaf-blades 
usually more or less cordate at the base and 3-lobed, with the terminal 
lobe longer; inflorescence corymbose, terminal, hirsute and weakly 
prickly ; sepals lanceolate, grayish-tomentose on both sides, 8-10 mm. 
long, caudate-acuminate, rarely with foliaceous tips and then much 
longer, closing around the fruit; petals of the staminate flowers elliptic, 
10-15 mm. long, white, those of the essentially pistillate flowers oval, 
5mm. long; fruit elongate, 8-12mm. long, 7-8 mm. thick; drupelets 
numerous, pubescent; putamen slightly reticulate. 

Mostly along the streamlets of canyon bottoms. April to June. Lyon; 
Brandegee (as Rubus ursinus); Avalon Canyon, Baker 857, Heller 6682, Smith 
5068, Eastwood 6494, Nuttall 113, 148; Graveyard Canyon, Knopf 134; Big- 


“ee Millsp. 4508; Bulrush Canyon, Knopf 354. BRAMBLE, BLACK- 


7. ROSA Linn. 
Prickly shrubs with odd-pinnate leaves, adnate stipules and large 


134 Fietp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vot. V. 


solitary or corymbose flowers. Calyx-tube globose or urceolate; its 
limb 5-parted ; bractlets none. Petals 5, rounded, spreading. Stamens 
many on the silky disk, which lines the calyx-tube. Pistils many, 
included in the calyx-tube, but free and distinct; styles subterminal ; 
ovules solitary, pendulous. Achene bony, enclosed in the fleshy 
enlarged red berry-like calyx-tube. 


1. R. californica Cham. & Schl. Linnaea 2:35 (1827). 


Stem erect, terete, light-brown or yellowish, diffusely branched, 
1-3 m. high, usually armed with stout flattened, recurved prickles 5-8 
mm. long; young shoots sometimes bristly; floral branches 1-3 dm. 
long, usually prickly; stipules adnate, narrow or those of the upper 
' leaves dilated, more or less villous, glandular-dentate; petiole and 
rachis villous, prickly, and sometimes somewhat glandular; petioles 
0.5-2 cm. long; leaflets 5-7, rarely 3 or 9, oval, I-2cm. long, usually 
simply serrate, with triangular-lanceolate, not glandular teeth, dull and 
more or less appressed-pubescent above, villous, but rarely slightly . 
glandular beneath, usually rounded or obtuse at both ends; inflores- 
cence usually corymbiform, leafy-bracted, 1-10-flowered ; pedicels short, 
glabrous or somewhat villous; hypanthium glabrous, globose or. sub- 
globose, with a distinct neck, in fruit 10-15 mm. broad; sepals lanceo- 
late, caudate-attenuate, about 15 mm. long, entire, villous and rarely 
glandular on the margins, tomentose within; petals obcordate, 1.5-2.5 
cm. long, rose-colored; styles free, not exserted. 

Moister canyon sides and bottoms. May to June. Lyon; Brandegee; Trask; 
Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6461; Cherry Canyon, Smuth 5095; Rock Spring 


and Pebble Beach Canyons, Nuttall 126, 1159; Graveyard and Hamilton Can- 
yons, Knopf 133, 153. WILD ROSE. 


Family 7. MALACEZ. 
APPLE FAMILY 


Trees and shrubs with alternate simple or pinnate leaves, the 
stipules free from the petiole, small and deciduous. Flowers regular, 
perfect, racemose, corymbose or solitary. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed, 
the tube adnate to the ovary. Petals 5, usually clawed. Stamens 
numerous or rarely few. Ovary 1-5-celled, composed of 1-5 usually 
united carpels; styles 1-5; ovules 1-2 in each carpel. Fruit a more or 
less fleshy pome, consisting of the thickened calyx-tube enclosing the 
bony papery or leathery carpels. Endosperm none; cotyledones fleshy. 


1. PHOTINIA Lindl. 
A small evergreen tree or sometimes shrubby, with simple coria- 
ceous toothed leaves and terminal corymbose panicles of small white 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 135 


flowers. Calyx turbinate, 5-parted, the lobes at length inflexed over 
the carpels and becoming fleshy. Petals rounded, concave. Stamens 
10; filaments dilated at base and somewhat connate. Ovary 2-3-celled, 
4-6-ovuled; styles 2-3. Fruit a red ovoid berry-like pome; carpels 
free from the fleshy calyx-tube above the middle. 


1. P.arbutifolia Lindl. Tr. Linn. Soc.13:103 (1821). 
Heteromeles arbutifclia Roem. Syn. Monogr. 3:105 (1847). 
Photinia salicifolia Abrams Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:381 (1910). 


Usually 3-6m. high, nascent parts tomentulose; leaves narrowly 
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, remotely serrate or dentate, 
dark green and shining; fruit about 6mm. long. Fruits brilliant 
scarlet or orange-yellow. 


Moister slopes and canyon bottoms. February to July. Near the Isthmus, 
Lyon 11; Trask; Brandegee; Avalon Valley, Eastwood 6496, Grant 3754, Smith 
4991, Millsp. 4722, Nuttall 147, 074 (berries yellow), Knopf 261 (berries yel- 
low); Golf Links Canyon, Nuttall 83; Big Wash Cany on, Knopf 234; Descanso, 
Hamilton and Pebble Beach Canyons, Knopf 166, 265, 268, 269; White’s Land- 
ing, Smith 5173; Banning’s Landing, Millsp. 4920; Rock Spring Canyon, Smith 
§117; Rock Falls Canyon, Nuttall 697. CALIFORNIA HOLLY, HOLLY; 
TOYON, TOLLON. 

Sometimes found in groves like Lyonothamnus. Often nearly 30 feet high 
with a trunk a foot in diameter. The fruits are generally cleaner and larger 
than those on the mainland, and often rich orange-yellow instead of bright red. 
The bark is used by fishermen for tanning nets and sails, 


Family 8 AMYGDALACEZ. 
PEACH FAMILY 


Trees or shrubs with alternate deciduous or evergreen usually 
serrate leaves and white or rose-colored flowers in terminal or axillary 
racemes or corymbs. Calyx campanulate or turbinate, 5-cleft, decidu- 
ous. Petals 5, inserted on the calyx, spreading. Stamens 15-25, 
inserted with the petals. Ovaries 1-5, 1-celled, free; ovules 2, pendu- 
lous. Fruit a more or less fleshy drupe with a bony stone; seeds I or 
rarely 2. 


1. LAUROCERASUS Reichb. 


Trees and shrubs, with alternate coriaceous leaves, persistent into 
the second season, toothed or entire. Flowers in narrow racemes, 
arising from the axils of the leaves of the previous season. Calyx 
with 5 short lobes ; petals small, white. Stamens 15-30. Style terminal. 
Fruit with a large smooth stone and thin scarcely fleshy exocarp. 


Leaves spinulose-toothed I. ilicifolia 
Leaves entire-margined 2, Lyoni 


136 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vov. V. 


1. L.ilicifolia (Nutt.) Roem. Syn. Ros. 5:92 (1847). 
Prunus tlicifolia Walp. Rep.2:10 (1843). 


An evergreen tree attaining a height of about 12m. with a trunk 
often 6 dm. in diameter, frequently a mere shrub. Leaves ovate, thick, 
spiny-toothed, about 6cm. long, acute or blunt, slightly cordate or 
cuneate at the base, dark green and shining above, dull yellowish-green 
beneath ; petioles channelled, 3-12 mm. long. Racemes as long as the 
leaves or longer, pedicels 3-6 mm., calyx lobes pointed, reflexed, much 
shorter than the ovate, blunt petals; stamens about as long as the 
petals. Fruit globular, purple, about 1.5 cm. diameter; flesh thin; pit 
ovoid, smooth. 

Canyon sides. April to July. The type from near the Isthmus, Lyon 21 
(Herb. Gray; photo. Herb. Field); Trask (as Cerasus ilicifolia) ; Brandegee; 
Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6476; Bishop Str. Hollow and Big Wash Can- 


yon, Nuttall 117, 715, 782. ISLAY. The natives ate the pulp fresh and ground 
the seeds into meal for porridge. 


2. L. Lyoni (Eastw.) Britton, Britton & Shafer N. A. Trees 512 
(1908). 
Cerasus Lyoni Eastw. Handb. Trees Calif. 54 (1905). 
Prunus ilicifolia integrifolia Sudw. Gard. & For. 4:51 (1891). 
Prunus ilicifolia occidentalis Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2, 1:209 

(1888). 

Prunus intergifolia Sarg. Man. Trees N. A. 531 (1905) non Walt. 
Prunus Lyoni Sarg. Pl. Wilson 74 (1911). 


A tree up to 15 m. high with a trunk often 3.3 dm. in diameter. 
Leaves leathery, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, pointed, entire 
margined, dark green and shining above somewhat paler and dull 
beneath, rounded at the base. Flowering racemes very dense, cylindric, 
about as long as the leaves; pedicels very short or wanting. Fruit 
orbicular, purple, 1.5-2 cm. diameter. 

Rich, moist, open canyons where it frequently forms extensive groves. 
March to June. Lyon & Nevin (as Prunus occidentalis); Trask; Gallagher’s 
Canyon, Brandegee, Eastwood 6476, Jepson 3044, 3059; Wishbone, Smith 5017, 
Nuttall 283; Pebble Beach Canyon, Nuttall 743, Knopf 174; Descanso Canyon, 
Nuttall 179, 182, Knopf 117, 207; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5119, Cherry Valley 
where there is a very extensive grove occupying most of the valley and making 
a beautiful display of trees, Millsp. 4827. This is probably the type station. 
CATALINA CHERRY, ISLAND ISLAY. ¢ 

The pulp of this species, though scanty, formed one of the fresh fruit 
foods of the Indians. The cherries are now sometimes preserved whole by 
Catalinians: the preserve has a slight, pleasant “Wild Cherry” taste. 


Family 9. FABACEAE. 
PEA FAMILY 


Herbs, shrubs, vines or trees, with alternate mostly compound 
stipulate leaves, and irregular (papilionaceous) perfect or sometimes 
polygamo-dioecious flowers, mainly in spikes, heads, racemes or pan- 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 137 


icles. Calyx 4-5-toothed, or 4-5-cleft, sometimes 2-lipped. Petals more 
or less united, or separate, perigynous or hypogynous, usually con- 
sisting of a broad upper one (standard, banner), two lateral ones 
(wings), and two front ones more or less united (forming the keel) ; 
the standard enclosing the wings in the bud. Stamens monadelphous, 
diadelphous or sometimes separate, 10 in most of the genera, some- 
times 9, rarely 5. Pistil simple, superior; ovary mainly 1-celled, some- 
times 2-celled by the intrusion of the sutures, or several-celled by 
cross-partitions ; style simple ; ovules 1-many, anatropous or amphitro- 
pous. Fruit a legume, I-many-seeded, dehiscent into 2 valves, or in- 
dehiscent, in one tribe a loment. Seeds mostly without endosperm ; 
cotyledons thick. 


Leaves palmately 5-11-foliate 1. Lupinus 
Leaves 3-foliate : 
Shrubs Zw Census 
Herbs: 
Flowers in axillary racemes or spikes: 
Pods spirally coiled. 3. MEeEDICAGO. 
Pods not coiled but wrinkled 4. MeE.ILorus 
Flowers capitate . 5. TRIFOLIUM 


Leaves unequally pinnate, without tendrils: 
Flowers in spikes or racemes: 


Pods leathery, seeds filling the cavity 6. HESPERASTRAGALUS 
Pods papery, seeds far smaller than the cavity 7. PHACA 
Flowers solitary or umbellate: 
Pods dehiscent 8 HosacKkia 
Pods indehiscent. 9. SYRMATIUM. 
Leaves pinnate, with tendrils: 
Style villous all around apex 10. VICIA 
Style villous one side only. 11. LATHYRUS. 


1. LUPINUS Linn. 


Herbs, rarely shrubs, with digitately-compound 7-15-foliolate 
(rarely simple or 3-5-foliolate) leaves, and showy flowers in termina] 
spikes or racemes. Calyx deeply toothed and 2-lipped. Standard 
orbicular or ovate, its margins reflexed; wings oblong or obovate; 
keel incurved, sometimes beaked. Stamens monadelphous, their sheath 
not cleft; anthers of two forms as in Crotalaria. Ovary sessile; style 
incurved; pod flattened, generally constricted between the seeds, the 
valves coriaceous. 


Annuals: 
Flowers not verticillate: 
Herbage sparsely pubescent, finally glabrous I. truncatus 
Herbage densely villous or pilose: 
Keel naked: 
Leaflets short, broad obovate 2. concinnus 
Leaflets long, narrow obovate 3. gracilis 


Herbage hispid with stinging hairs 4. hirsutissimus 


138 Frectp Museum or Natura Hisrory—Borany, Vou. V. 


Flowers verticillate: 


Keel ciliate, petals 4mm. long 5. micranthus 

Keel naked, petals 10-12mm. long 6.  affinis 
Perennials, shrubby: 

Keel ciliate 7. Hallii 


1. L.truncatus Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. 1:373 (1840). 


Pubescent with appressed hairs, at length almost glabrous. Leat- 
lets rather succulent, long and narrow, 5-7, linear, attenuate at the 
base, truncate or somewhat 3-toothed at the apex; stipules minute, 
linear, short; raceme elongated, the flowers alternate, deep purple, 
small; the vexillum shorter than the wings; bracts shorter than the 
pedicels, subulate, persistent; calyx bracteolate, the uppr lip 2-parted, 
the lower minutely 3-toothed or entire; legume hirsute, elongated, 6-7- 
seeded. Seeds oval-lenticular, all irregularly mottled with white, 
yellow, and brown, 2.5 x 3.5 mm. 

Sandy places and in silt. March to June. Trask; Brandegeé; Avalon Val- 
ley, Smith 4983, Hall 8287, Millsp. 4737, 4840, Nuttall 132; Big Wash Arroya, 
Nuttall 637, 680; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 75; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 
58, 359; Moonstone Beach, Knopf 390. 


2. L.concinnus Agardh. Syn. Gen. Lupin.6 (1835). 


Plant 10-15 cm. high, densely clothed with very long hairs; those 
of the leaves equal to the width of the leaflets themselves. Flowers 
violet, with a yellow spot on the vexillum. Small, very densely villous 
with soft whitish hairs; leaves mostly radical; leaflets spatulate; 
stipules subulate-setaceous ; flowers a little alternate, in a close ovate 
spike, on very short pedicels; bracts linear-subulate, shorter than the 
mostly ebracteolate calyx; the upper lip 2-cleft, the lower entire or 
3-denticulate. 


In dry washes. June to July. Brandegee; McClatchie. These are the only 
returns of this species from the island to date. 


3. L. gracilis Nutt. Jour. Phila. Acad. 7:115 (1834) non Agardh. 

(1835). 

Lupinus Agardhianus Heller, Muhl. 7:13 (1911). 

Plant 10-15 cm. high, small, diffuse, very hairy; leaflets 8-10 mm. 
in length, hirsute, many times shorter than the petioles, minute, obovate- 
cuneiform canaliculate; peduncle short; flowers 7-10, at length rather 
remote, on short pedicels, few, alternately disposed along the very 
flexuous rachis; corolla blue and ‘white, the wings longer than the 
vexillum ; bracts setaceous, persistent, longer than the pedicels; calyx 
bracteolate; the upper lip 2-parted, the lower somewhat 3-toothed; 
legumes hirsute, about 5-seeded. Seeds yellowish, irregularly black- 
maculate, quadrangulo-lenticular, about 2.25 mm. in diameter. 

On open, barren ridges. April to May. Reservoir ridge, Avalon, Millsp. 


4909; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 36, 1156, Knopf 372; Snake Canyon, Nuttall 
261; Salta Verde, Knopf 346. 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILtspauGH & NUTTALL 139 


4. L.hirsutissimus Benth. Tr. Hort. Soc. n.s.1,1:411 (1835). 


Stem leafy, branching, very hirsute with bristly hairs, low, nearly 
erect; leaflets obovate-cuneiform, mucronulate; stipules subulate; 
flowers reddish-purple, mostly alternate, on short pedicels; bracts 
subulate, about the length of the calyx; bracteoles caducous; lips of 
the calyx nearly equal; the upper one deeply 2-cleft, the lower entire. 

Arroyas and stony banks. March to May. Trask: “Up to three feet high, 
with pods 2 inches long”; Brandegee; Avalon Valley in the Arroya of Rock 
Spring Canyon, Smith 4978, Nuttall 128, Millsp., Knopf 214; Pebble Beaclr 
Canyon, Nuttall 204; Howland’s, Millsp. 4877; Moonstone Beach, Knopf 391. 
STINGING LUPINE. 


5. L.micranthus Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg.t. 1251 (1829). 


Rather slender and weak, branched from the base, 12-20 cm. high, 
pilose-pubescent, not at all succuient; leaflets 5-7, narrowly linear to 
linear-spatulate, 1-3 cm. long; petioles twice as long; racemes pedun- 
culate; verticils 3-5, often indistinct; pedicels 3mm. long or in fruit 
6mm. long; upper calyx-lip 2-cleft, the lobes divergent, lower longer, 
entire; petals 4mm. long, blue except the white and dotted middle 
of the erect mucronulate standard ; keel woolly-ciliate above the mfddle ; 
pods 5-seeded. Seeds whitish-yellow, irregularly elongate-maculate, 
3 mm. diameter. 

Open, arid situations. March to May. Brandegee; Big Wash Canyon, 
Millsp. 4852; Golf Links and Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 160, 9, Knopf 310. 


6. L.affinis Agardh. Syn. Gen. Lupin. 20 (1835). 


Stout and succulent, branching above, 3-6dm. high, nearly gla- 
brous or somewhat short pubescent; leaflets 7, cuneate-obovate, obtuse 
or emarginate, 2.5-4.cm. long; petioles 2 or 3 times as long; racemes 
with 3-7 whorls; bracts equaling the calyx; upper calyx-lip bifid, lower 
entire or 3-toothed; petals 10-12 mm. long, bluish-purple; keel broad, 
naked. Seeds reddish, oblong-lenticular, rather plump, dimpled on 
one side, 5x 4mm., a dark ring around the hylum. 

Open ridges, canyon slopes and wash bottoms. February to May. Trask 
(labelled carnulosus in herb. N. Y.); Maiden Point and Descanso Canyon, 
Millsp. 4640, 4526, Smith 5035, Nuttall 192; top of the ridge southwest of 
Avalon, Nuttall 319; White’s Valley, Knopf 57. The plant has much the ap- 
-pearance of L. Airsutissimus without hairs. 


7. L.Hallii Abrams Bull. Torr. Club, 37:151 (1910). Plate XI, f. 2. 


Shrubby, 6-10 dm. high, canescent throughout with a short silky 
pubescence; leaflets 7-9, spatulate, 12-24 mm. long; flowers in whorls 
2-3cm. distant; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, caducous, 7 mm. 
long ; upper calyx-lobe 2-lobed, the lower 3-toothed ; keel conspicuously 
ciliate on the central part of the inner margin: seeds quadro-ovoid, 
flatly lenticular, finely brown-maculate, 4 mm. diameter. 


Abundant on westerly facing canyon slopes. January to June. Trask 
(labelled in herb. N. Y. L. albifrons Bth. = longifolius (Wats.) Abrams?) 


140 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vov. V. 


Brandegee (as L. Chamissonis); Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6472; Rusby; ' 


Macbride & Payson 834; slopes of Descanso Canyon where it is prevalent, its 
rounded clumps appearing, in the distance, like sheep, Moxley 747, Millsp. 4524, 
Smith 5015, Nuttall 183, 212, 677, Knopf 35, 130; Schoolhouse Ridge and Avalon 
Valley, Nuttall 26, 138. GIANT LUPINE 

This large blue lupine with its silvery, clump growth, has been generally 
considered by collectors to be Lupinus Chamissonis or L. albifrons neither of 
which species has so far been collected on the island. L. Chamissonis is a sea- 
strand, dune plant, which may yet be found on Catalina. 


2. CYTISUS Linn. 


Shrubs, with 3-foliolate or 1-foliolate leaves, and showy, clustered 
flowers, mainly in terminal racemes. Calyx 2-lipped, the teeth short; 
standard ovate or orbicular; wings oblong or obovate ; keel straight or 
curved; anthers alternately larger and smaller; ovary sessile, many- 
ovuled; style incurved; pod flat, oblong or linear, several-seeded ; 
seeds strophiolate. 


1. (C.canariensis Steud. Nom.ed.1,259 (1821). 


Much branched, 1-2 m. high, soft pubescent, leafy; leaflets 6-12 
mm. long; flowers yellow, 15-20 mm. long, fragrant, in terminal 
racemes; upper calyx-lip deeply 3-toothed, the lower slightly so. 


In gravelly soil along the upper Pebble Beach Road. April 6, 1921. Knopf 
69. BROOM. 

This is doubtless a transplanted shrub from the mainland, but, as it has 
proved to escape there and become established, it may yet do so on the island. 


3. MEDICAGO Linn. 


Herbs, with 3-foliolate leaves, and small yellow or violet flowers 
in axillary heads or racemes. Leaflets commonly dentate, the veins 
terminating in the teeth. Calyx-teeth short, nearly equal; standard 
obovate or oblong ; wings oblong ; keel obtuse ; stamens diadelphous, the 
I opposite the standard separate from the other g; anthers all alike; 
ovary I-several-ovuled; style subulate; pod curved or spirally twisted, 
reticulated or spiny, indehiscent, 1-few seeded. 


Flowers purple, pods coiled but unarmed I. sativa 
: Flowers yellow, pods coiled and hook-prickled 2. hispida 


1. M. sativa Linn. Sp. Pl.778 (1753). 


Decumbent or ascending, 3-5 dm. high, the young shoots and leaves 
with some scattered hairs. Leaflets oblanceolate or obovate, 4-25 mm. 
long, dentate, obtuse, truncate or emarginate and often mucronate, 
narrowed or cuneate at the base; stipules entire; peduncles 1-5 cm. 
long, bearing a short raceme; petals about 5 mm. long; pod pubescent, 
twisted into 2 or 3 spires. 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 141 


Escaped and established in waste grounds. April to September. Lyon 
as (M. denticulata); Trask; Avalon Valley, Nuttall 135, 681, 739, 748, I161, 
Knopf 156. ALFALFA. 


2. M. hispida Gaertn. Fr. et Sm.2:349 (1791). 


Slender, much branched, decumbent, glabrous annual; leaflets 
obovate to obcordate, toothed above; flowers small, yellow, 2-3 or 
rarely more on axillary peduncles; pods coiled, their margins armed 
with hooked prickles. 

Moist places either exposed or shady. February to April. Avalon Valley, 
Trask; Brandegee as (M. denticulata) ; Reservoir Hill, Millsp. 4570, 4907; ditch 


along the Coach Road, Millsp. 4609, Nuttall 60; deep, shady creek bed (Avalon 
Run), Nuttall 1082. MEDIC, BUR-CLOVER. 


4. MELILOTUS Linn. 


Herbs, with 3-foliolate leaves, dentate leaflets, their veins com- 
monly ending in the teeth, and small white or yellow flowers in slender 
racemes. Calyx-teeth short, nearly equal; standard obovate or oblong; 
keel obtuse; ovary sessile or stipitate, few-ovuled; style filiform; pod 
ovoid or globose, straight, indehiscent or finally 2-valved; seeds soli- 
tary or few. | 


Flowers yellow I. indica 
Flowers white 25 alba 


I. M. indica (L.) All. Fl. Ped.1:308 (1789). 
Trifolium melilotus-indica Linn. Sp. Pl. 765 (1753). 


Annual; glabrous, erect, 3-20 dm. high, branching; leaflets mostly 
cuneate-oblong, obtuse, denticulate, 2.5 cm. long or less; racemes many, 
bearing small, nearly sessile, yellow flowers. 

Waste grounds becoming general. February to May. Lyon; Brandegee as 
(M. parviflora); Avalon Valley, Smith 5042, 5101, Millsp. 4569, Knopf 31; 


Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 30 and Middle Ranch 897. SWEET CLOVER, 
SOUR CLOVER. 


2. M.alba Desv. Lam. Encycl. 4:63 (1797). 


Erect or ascending, 9-30dm. high, branching, glabrous, or the 
young twigs and leaves finely pubescent. Leaves petioled, rather 
distant; leaflets oblong or slightly oblanceolate, serrate, narrowed at 
the base, truncate, emarginate or rounded at the apex, 12.7-20mm. 
long, 4.2-10.5 mm. wide; stipules subulate; racemes numerous, slender, 
5-10cm. long, often 1-sided; pedicels 2.1mm. long or less; flowers 
white; standard 4.6mm. long, slightly longer than the wings; pod 
ovoid, slightly reticulated, glabrous, 3 mm. long. 

Canyon creek beds. Flowering the year around. Middle Ranch Canyon 


bed, Knopf 235; Middle Ranch creek at the ranch, Nuttall 658. WHITE 
SWEET CLOVER. 


142 Frectp Museum or Naturat History-—Bortany, Vot. V. 


These are the first returns of this European weed on Catalina (1920-1921). 
It appears to be well established in the two locations indicated above and will 
doubtless soon spread. 


5. TRIFOLIUM® Linn. 


Herbs, with mostly 3-foliolate (occasionally 4-11-foliolate) denti- 
culate leaves, the flowers in dense heads or spikes. Stipules adnate to 
the petiole. Calyx-teeth nearly equal. Petals commonly persistent, 
their claws adnate to the stamen-tube. Stamens diadelphous, or the 
tenth one separate for only a portion of its length. Ovary few- 
ovuled. Pod often included in the calyx, membranous, indehiscent or 
tardily dehiscent by 1 suture, 1-6-seeded. 

Heads not involucrate: 
Teeth of calyx not plumose: 


Corolla rose or purple: | 
Teeth of calyx not ciliate: 


Leaflets obcordate I. gracilentum 
Leaflets narrow lanceolate 2. Palmeri 
Teeth of calyx ciliate 3. ciliolatum 
Corolla white 4. repens 
Teeth of calyx plumose: 
Heads sessile 5. catalineae 
Heads pedunculate: 
Peduncles 3 mm.-4 cm. 6. Traskiae 
Peduncles 6-11 cm. 7. insularum 


tfeads involucrate: 
Flowers not inflated: 


Involucre flat 8. tridentatum 
Involucre cup-shaped : 
Involucral lobes ovate, pointed 9. microcephalum 
Involucral lobes triangular, 3-4 toothed 10. microdon 
Flowers inflated TI. stenophyllum 


1. T.gracilentum T. & Gr. Fl.N.A.1: 316 (1838). 


Stem 20-26cm. high. Petioles of the middle leaves 10 cm. long; 
those of the lowermost and especially the uppermost leaves much 
shorter. Heads as large as in T. repens: flowers purple. Nearly 
glabrous; stem slender, erect or ascending; middle leaves on very long 
filiform petioles; leaflets cuneate-obcordate, spinulose-serrulate ; 
stipules rather foliceous, the lower ones linear-lanceolate and setace- 
ously acuminate, the uppermost ovate-lanceolate and shorter: heads 
loose, 15-25-flowered; calyx glabrous; the teeth lanceolate-subulate, 
setaceously actiminate, thrice the length of the tube and about one- 
third shorter than the corolla; legume I-seeded; seeds ovate, 
2x1.5mm., reddish-brown, slightly elongate-maculate. 


Infrequent in canyons. March to May. Mrs. Trask (as T. bifidum, and as 
T. catalinae in Muhl. 9:17); Fritchey; Grant; Kennedy 1733. 


*With the assistance of P. B. Kennedy. 


Fora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 143 


2. T.Palmeri Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11:132 (1876). 


A glabrous and diffuse annual, the stems ascending, about 3 dm. 
high or less: stipules elongated, narrowly acuminate; leaflets oblong to 
narrowly lanceolate, acute or acutish at each end, serrulate, 
12.7-20.6 mm. long: peduncles axillary: heads naked, 10-20-flowered ; 
flowers sessile, at length reflexed: calyx 6.3mm. long, deeply cleft 
into narrow acuminate entire lobes: petals purplish, scarcely exceeding 
the calyx: pod 2-seeded; seed cordate-globose, 1.8 x 1.2 mm., reddish- 
brown, not maculate. 


Grassy Canyon slopes. April-May. Myrs. Trask. Not otherwise collected 
on the island. It is more common on San Nicholas and Guadalupe Islands. 


3. T.ciliolatum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 304 (1848). 
Trifolium ciliatum Nutt. Jour. Phila. Acad. 2,1:152 (1848). Non 
Clark. 


Annual 1.6-3.3 dm., erect, smooth, slender, stipules falcate entire 
leaflets cuneate-oblong or the inferior obovate, heads long pedunculate 
after anthesis ovate-globose mostly depressed, flowers pedicellate 
mostly reflexed, calyx-teeth lanceolate acute margin scarious lacero- 
ciliate. Stems terete, smooth; larger leaflets about 2.6cm.; stipules 
broadly lanceolate falcate above, sharply acute, entire minutely ser- 
rate-ciliate; peduncles erect 5.1-10.1 cm.: flowers rose to purple; cap- 
sule 1-seeded; seed oval 2.3 x 1.6 mm., reddish-brown, not maculate. 


Canyon slopes, rare. March-May. Mrs. Trask. Not otherwise collected. 
WIRE CLOVER. 


4.) T. repens Linn. Sp. Pl. 767 (1753). 


Perennial, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, the branches 
often rooting at the nodes., 1-3 dm. long. Leaves long petioled ; stipules 
ovate-lanceolate, membranous, acute, 4-12mm., long; leaflets short- 
stalked, obovate, emarginate or obcordate, broadly cuneate at the base, 
denticulate, 8-20mm. long; heads long-peduncled; flowers 7-12 mm. 
long; pedicels 2-5 mm. long, finally reflexed: corolla 2-3 times as long 
as the calyx; calyx-teeth acuminate, somewhat shorter than the tube; 
pod about 4-seeded: seed cordate-globose, 1.2 x I mm., pale yellow. 


Waste ground. March-May. Avalon, Miilsp. 4742. WHITE CLOVER. 
Not before reported or collected on the island. 


5. T.cataline Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25:128 (1890). 


Low annual, branching from the base, 1dm. high or less, ap- 
pressed villous pubescent: leaflets narrowly oblong-obovate, 7 mm. 
long, 2.5mm. wide, emarginate, erose-dentate; subtending stipule 
broadly ovate-acuminate, entire or with an occasional notch near the - 
apex; lower stipules much narrower and with a long aristate point 
2.5mm. long: heads sessile, one or two, orbicular-ovate, subtended by 
a stipule and almost sessile leaf: flowers dark purple: calyx tube 2 mm. 


144  Fretp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vor. V. 


long, strongly 10-nerved, teeth 3mm. long, erect, somewhat rigid: 
corolla little exceeding the calyx teeth; vexillum 6mm. long, 1.3 mm. 
wide, elliptical, minutely erose dentate at apex: legume glabrous, 
straw-colored, striate, acute at both ends, 3mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, 
t-seeded: seeds yellowish-brown, devoid of markings, oblong 
1.8 x .8 mm. 

On ridges and dry slopes. March-May. Type collected by Brandegee, 
May 13, 1890, (Herb. Gray; Photo. and fragm. in herb. Field). Mrs. Trask, 


“very rare, three localities only.” Probably the 7. Macraei of Brandegee list. 
CATALINA CLOVER. 


6. T. Traskiz Kennedy, Muhl.g:19 (1913). 


Annual with erect branches from the base, about 2dm. high, 
villous throughout, internodes long, 5-10cm.: lower leaflets 1 cm. 
long, 3mm. wide, elliptical, acute at both ends, margins coarsely 
dentate; upper leaflets longer and narrower, attenuate at both ends, 
not variable like those of catalinae; lower petioles 2-3 cm. long, upper 
much shorter, about 5 mm. long; stipules lanceolate below to broadly 
ovate above, lobes more or less notched and terminated by a long 
acumination; heads globose to ovate, pedunculate, terminal or sub- 
terminal: peduncles 3mm. to 5 cm. long: flowers deep purple: calyx 
tube 1.5mm. long, teeth 4.5 mm. long: corolla extending beyond the 
teeth 2mm. vexillum elliptical, obtuse, 9.5mm. long, 2.5mm. wide, 
very finely erose-dentate at the apex: ovary 2-ovuled, ciliate with long 
hairs: style 5 mm. long: mature legume and seed not seen. 

Dry slope near the sea. April, 1907. Type collected by P. B. Kennedy 
near Moonstone Beach. A specimen in U. S. Hatl. Herb. (340315) collected 
by Mrs. Trask who says: “very rare and local, flowers purplish” is possibly this 
species. 


7. T.insularum Kennedy. Muhl.g:29 (1913). 


Annual, erect, about 3.3dm. high, branched from the base, 
pubescent throughout: lowest leaflets cuneate to obovate, on petioles 
3cm. long; upper leaves elliptical, margins coarsely dentate; stipules 
ovate-lanceolate with a long apiculation, membranaceous, glabrous 
below but somewhat hairy above: internodes 5-8 cm. long: peduncles 
3-10 cm. long: flowers inconspicuous, purple: calyx tube 2 mm., teeth 
6mm., hirsute rather than plumose and somewhat rigid: corolla ex- 
tending three-fourths the length of the teeth; vexillum 7.5 mm. long, 
1.7mm. wide, elliptical: ovary 2-ovuled: style 3mm., long, narrow: 
legume 3mm. long, 1.3mm. wide, membranaceous, glabrous, I- 
seeded: seeds reddish-brown, not mottled, narrowly oblong, similar 
to those of T. catalinae, but 2.2 x .g mm. 

On ridges and canyon slopes. March-May. Type, Mrs. Trask 1807 and 


1901 in herb. Mo. Bot. Gard.; photo. and fragm. in herb. Field. Not again 
collected. ISLAND CLOVER. 


8. T.tridentatum Lindl. Bot. Reg.t.1070 (1827). 
Annual; erect, 2-4 dm. high, glabrous; stipules setaceously lacin- 


: 
? 
& 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MItispauGH & NUTTALL 145 


iate; leaflets linear or lanceolate, sharply serrate, 2-6cm. long; head 
2-3cm. broad; involucre laciniate, much shorter than the flowers; 
flowers about Icm. long, bright purple with darker center; tip of 
standard sometimes whitish: calyx-tube 10-nerved; the teeth rigid, 
broad at base, abruptly narrowed to a subulate spinulose-tipped apex 
which is usually subtended by a short stout tooth on each side. Seed 
globular or nearly so, 1.7mm. diameter, yellowish-brown, shining 
slightly and sparingly freckled. Flowers white, rose, or purple. 

Among grasses on canyon slopes, common. March-June. Trask; Brande- 
gee; Carlson; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5093; Gallagher’s Canyon; Miilsp. 4873; 
Mountain Trail above the Schoolhouse, Coach Road near Summit, and Golf 
Links Canyon, Nuttall 19, 55, 82; in patches along Pebble Beach Road, Knopf 6; 
Eagle’s Nest and Moonstone Beach, Knopf 360, 383. THREE-TOOTHED 
CLOVER. 


‘9. T.microcephalum Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept.2:478 (1816). 


Annual; slender, much branched, decumbent, soft pubescent ; 
stipules ovate-acuminate, nearly entire; leaflets obovate-cuneiform or 
obcordate, denticulate; heads small, subglobose, many-flowered, on 
slender peduncles; involucre many-cleft, the segments entire; calyx- 
teeth subulate, broad, scarious and sometimes toothed at base; corolla 
minute, pinkish ; pod globose, 1-seeded ; seed ovate, 1 x .8 mm., greenish, 
unmarked. 


Grassy places in canyons. May-September. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee list: 
Kennedy; Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 233; Middle Ranch Canyon, Knopf 394. 


10. T.microdon. H. & A. Hook. Bot. Misc. 3:180 (1883). 
Trifolium mucrodon pilosum Eastw. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3, 1 :100 
(1898). 

Resembling the last in vegetative characters, but with the involu- 
cral border nearly enclosing the head, its lobes triangular and 3-4- 
toothed, calyx smooth angled the teeth rigid broadly triangular, 
acute, with a narrow scarious serrulate margin. Seed oblong, 
1.8x1Imm., light yellow and plentifully freckled with grayish macula- 
tions. 

There appear to be several races of this species in California, but 
the seed characters hold too strongly to allow of varietal segregation. 


Rare. Only known to us by two specimens in the National Herbarium. 
Collected by Mrs. Trask in 1903 and 1907. BUTTERFLY CLOVER. 


11. T,stenophyllum Nutt. Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila. 1847:151 (1848). 


Diffuse annual with slender stems and branches, often purplish, 
decumbent or ascending, 1-3 dm. long; leaflets linear, remotely serrate- 
toothed ; peduncles filiform, much longer than the leaves; segments of 
the involucre oblong, cuneate at the base; head small, hemispheric; 
corolla purple, inflated from a narrow base to a broad, almost truncate 
apex ; pod 2-seeded ; seeds obliquely heart-shaped, 2 x I.4 mm., greenish 
brown, transversely few-rugose. 


146 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V. 


On grassy hillsides. March-May. Gambel (type); Mrs. Trask; Kennedy; 
Fisherman’s Cove, Millsp. 4782; Salta Verde, Knopf 347. 

This species probably includes, as to Catalina, Greene’s, 7. brachyodon and 
the Trask and Brandegee references to 7. amplectens. 


6. HESPERASTRAGALUS Heller. 


Slender branched annuals. Leaves alternate, the stipules distinct 
and almost free from the petiole; leaflets few to many, the blades 
usually narrow and notched at the apex. Flowers perfect, crowded in 
usually short-cylindrical heads. Calyx somewhat campanulate, the 
lobes about equal. Corolla some shade of purple or violet, very 
small, barely 2mm. long. Stamens 10; filaments diadelphous ; anthers 
alike. Ovary sessile. Ovules two only. Pod broadly ovoid, about as 
broad as long (2-3 mm.), didymous, 2-celled and 2-seeded, the seeds 
about filling the cavity. 


Pods not deflexed 1. didymocarpus 
Pods strongly deflexed 2. Gambelianus 


1. H.didymocarpus (H.& A.) Heller, Muhl.2:87 (1905). 
Astragalus didymocarpus H. & A. Bot. Beech. 334 (1840). 
Astragalus catalinensis Nutt. Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila. 1848:9 

(1850). 

Slender, 3 dm. high, pubescent with fine, somewhat scattered 
hairs; leaflets 9-15, cuneate-oblong to linear, emarginate, 6-10 mm. 
long; spikes long-peduncled, dense, ovate or oblong, 2-3 cm. long; 
flowers 3-5 mm. long, dull purplish; pods erect, 4 mm. long, and about 
as broad, scarcely exserted from the calyx, strongly wrinkled, 2- 
celled, 2-seeded. 


Known only from two specimens collected in February and May, one by 
Gambel and the other by Mrs. Trask who says: “In two canyons only.” Nuttall 
doubtless misinterpreted the color of the flowers and described them as “ochro- 
leucus.” 


2. H.Gambelianus (Sheldon) Heller ibid. 
Astragalus gambellianus Sheldon, Minn., Bot. Stud. 1:12! 
(1894). 
Astragalus nigrescens Nutt. Jour. Acad. Sci. Phila. 2, 1:152 
(1838) non Pall (1800). 


Stems very slender, 1-2 dm. high, slightly pubescent; leaflets as 
in the last; spikes less dense, cylindric, 2 cm. long; pods deflexed, well 
exserted from the calyx, slightly wrinkled, strongly obcompressed; 
closely related to the last, but easily distinguished by fruit. 


Open dry situations on ridges. March to May. Gambel; top of the Pacific 
Ridge at the head of Avalon Canyon, Nuttall 317. 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 147 


7. PHACA Linn. 


Perennial or annual herbs, sometimes almost acaulescent. Leaves 
alternate, the stipules nearly free, often partially united: leaflets many- 
the blades entire. Flowers perfect, in short or elongated racemes, or 
sometimes nearly sessile in the axils of the leaves. Calyx campan- 
ulate: lobes more or less unequal, sometimes longer than the tube. Cor- 
olla mostly ochroleucous, occasionally purple: standard with a rela- 
tively broad blade: wings longer than the keel-petals. Stamens Io: 
filaments diadelphous: anthers alike. Ovary sessile or stipitate. 
Ovules numerous. Pod membranous, inflated, neither suture in- 
truded, 1-celled, without even a partial partition. Seeds numerous. 


Pods bladdery inflated 1. leucopsis 
Pods flatly turgid: 
Stipe short, scarcely exceeding the calyx 2. fastidia 
Stipe long, four times as long as the calyx 3. trichopoda 


1. P.leucopsis T. & Gr. Fl. N.A.1:694 (1838). 
Astragalus leucopsis Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 56 (1858). 


Herb. 3.3-6.8 dm. high, tomentose-canescent ; leaflets 10-15 pairs, 
small, oval or oblong, obtuse, scarcely petiolulate; stipules membrana- 
ceous, very small, triangular-subulate; raceme many-flowered, rather 
loose, on peduncles twice the length of the leaves; the flowers nodding ; 
teeth of the calyx subulate, rather shorter than the tube; vexillum 
elongated; legumes large inflated, obtuse, slightly puberulent, raised 
on a slender stipe 4 times as long as the calyx. 


Dry situations from sea level to the tops of mountains. January to June. 
Lyon 88; Trask; Brandegee; Avalon vicinity, Grant & Wheeler 74/6262; Smith 
5043, Millsp. 4727, Nuttall 498, 674, 730; Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 106, 673; 
Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 44; Middle Ranch Canyon, Millsp. 4578, 4917, 
Nuttall 675, Knopf 317, 366; Cape Canyon, Millsp. 4676; Little Harbor, Nuttall 
819; White’s Valley, Knopf 315; Howland’s, Millsp. 4814; Salta Verde, Knopf 
345. LOCO WEED, CRAZY WEED, RATTLE WEED. 


There are many races of this species on the island, exhibiting various sizes, 
forms and pubescence of leaflets. 


2. P.fastidia Kell. Hesperian 4:145 (1860). 
Astragalus fastidiosus Greene Bull. Calif. Acad. 1:186 (1885). 
Astragalus fastidius Jones, Contr. West. Bot.8:7 (1898). 


Similar in vegetative appearance to the last. Stipe very short, 
about 8mm. long; leaflets lanceolate to narrowly-oblong, glabrous 
above, calyx teeth very short; pods oblong-oval, acute at base, 2.6 cm. 
long, somewhat oblique. 


Dry situations. Only once collected on the island. June. Mrs. Trask (in 
herb. N. Y. as A. leucopsis). In remarking that the plant is “common” on the 
island, Mrs. Trask had leucopsis in mind not differentiating the two species. 


148 Frecp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vot. V. 


3. P.trichopoda Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. 1:343 (1838). 
Astragalus trichopodus Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.6:219 (1865). 


Strigulose-puberulent or at first hoary, in age almost glabrous: 
stem slender, 3-9 dm. high: leaflets in many pairs, from narrowly 
oblong to nearly linear, about 12.7mm. long: raceme short: flowers 
8.4-10.5 mm. long: calyx-teeth very much shorter than the campanu- 
late tube: corolla yellowish-white: pod oval, obtuse at both ends, over 
12.7 mm. in length, but very much smaller and less bladdery than any 
other of this subdivision; its stipe only 6.3 mm. long. 


Dry situations, general. May to July. Lyon 77 (as Antiselli); Brandegee 
(as leucopsis); vicinity of Avalon, Hall 8287a, Beckwith 1, Boughion 14, Blake 
969 (as leucopsis); Pendleton 1369, Reed 2808 (as Antiselli), Rixford; Rattle- 
snake Canyon, Nuttall 262. 


8. HOSACKIA Douglas. 


Herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent; leaves pinnate, 2-many- 
foliolate ; stipules minute and gland-like, rarely scarious or foliaceous ; 
flowers yellow or reddish, in axillary sessile or pedunculate umbels. 
Calyx-teeth nearly equal, usually shorter than the tube. Petals free 
from the stamens, nearly equal: standard ovate or roundish, the claw 
often remote from the others; wings obovate or oblong; keel some- 
what incurved, obtuse or somewhat acutely beaked. Stamens 
diadelphous; anthers uniform. Style incurved. Pod linear, com- 
pressed or somewhat terete, sessile, several-seeded, partitioned be- 
tween the seeds. 

Leaflets 1-3, rachis terete I. americana 


Leaflets more than 3, rachis dilated: 
Flowers solitary in the axils: 


Calyx teeth equaling the tube 2. Wrangeliana 
Calyx teeth much longer than tube 3. brachycarpa 
Flowers apical on the few-many-flowered peduncles: 
Peduncles 2-5-flowered, seeds smooth 4. maritima 
Peduncles 1-2-flowered, seeds tuberculate: 
Annuals: 
Flowers 9-12mm. long 5. strigosa 
Flowers 4-5mm., long 6. rubella 
Perennial, flowers capitate, 15 mm. long 7. anthylloides 


1. H.americana (Nutt.) Piper, Contr. U.S, Natl. Herb. 11 :366 
(1906). 
Trigonella americana Nutt.Gen.120 (1818). 
Hosackia Purshiana Bth. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1257 pt. 15 (1829). 


Plant 3-6 dm. high, erect or assurgent, more or less hairy, some- 
times villous, much branched; leaves nearly sessile: leaflets 10-20 mm. 
long, 3 (rarely 4), oblong, rather acute; peduncles longer than the 
leaves ; bract 1-foliate; flowers 6-8mm. long. Calyx deeply parted; 
segments linear subulate, nearly as long as the corolla when the flower — 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 149 


first expands. Petals rose-color; the vexillum with deeper minute 
stripes. Legume 2.6cm. or more in length, nearly terete, about 6- 
seeded, with spongy imperfect partitions between the seeds. Seeds 
buff dusted with dark clouding and maculate with blackish irregular 
spots, oblong 2 x 3.5 mm., the hilum central. 

Fields and canyon washes. June to September. Brandegee list; Big Wash 


Canyon, Nuttall 235, 679; Graveyard Canyon, Knopf 135; Grand Canyon head, 
Nuttall 610. SPANISH CLOVER. 


2. H. Wrangeliana (F. & M.) G. Don. Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. 3 :165 


(1839). 
Lotus Wrangelianus F. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 16 (1835). 


Stem slender, diffuse, sparsely hirsute; leaflets 4, oblong, some- 
what glaucous; peduncles axillary, very short, 1-flowered; flowers 
small; bracts none; legume pubescent, 12.7 mm. long; seeds 5-7, red- 
brown, 2.25 mm. diameter (ripe?), subquadrangular-ovate, unmarked, 
the hilum above the middle, i. e., at the upper third. 


Found only by Mrs. Trask (as H. subpinnata) “Infrequent in certain locali- 
ties,” June, 1900. (in herb. N. Y.). 


3. H.brachycarpa Bth. Pl. Hartw. 306 (1849). 
Lotus humistratus Greene, Pitton.2:139 (1890). 


Resembling depauperate forms of the last but more diffuse; herb- 
age soft villous; flowers nearly sessile, yellow; calyx-teeth linear, 
much longer than the tube; pod oblong, 1 cm. long, pilose, 2-3-seeded. 
Seeds red-brown, 2.25 x 2mm., strongly quadrangular, unmarked, 
hilum as in H. Wrangeliana. 


Found only by Mrs. Trask (in herb. U. S. Natl. Mus. 340113) who says: 
“Rare. One locality only’ (which she does not indicate), April, 1808. 


4. H. maritima Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N.A.1:326 (1838). 
Lotus salsuginosus Greene, Pitton. 2:140 (1890). 


Rather succulent, somewhat strigose, prostrate, much branched: 
leaflets 4-5, alternate, obovate, obtuse; the petioles are usually broad, 
so as to appear somewhat winged; peduncles 1-3-flowered, naked or 
with a trifoliolate bract; legume glabrous, subterete, straight: flowers 
numerous, yellow and rather conspicuous, the early ones solitary and 
without a bract. Seeds ovoid, 1.5 x 1.25 mm., greenish, mottled with 
fine, dark dots and heavy, irregular black stripes. 

Dry sandy situations sometimes far inland. May to June. Trask; Brande- 
gee; Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5037, 5050, Pendleton 1375, Reed 2809, Nuttall 


107, Beckwith 2, 3 (in herb. Rochester), 80, 8z (in herb. N. Y.); Rock Spring 
Canyon, Knopf 137; Equestrian Trail and Pacific Ridge, Nuttall 3178. 


5. H.strigosa Nutt. T & Gr. Fl. N. A.1:326 (1838). 
Lotus strigosus Greene, Pitton.2:141 (1890). 


A small plant like the following; strigosely pubescent, decumbent, 


150. reco Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vor. V. 


much branched; leaflets 6-9, alternate, lanceolate-linear, acute; 


peduncles naked, or with a bract of 1-3 minute leaflets, bracts some- 


times wanting on the lowest flowers, 1-3-foliolate on the upper ones. 
Flowers yellow. Corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx; legume 
pubescent, nearly straight, about 2.6cm. long, 7-10-seeded; seeds 
coarsely tuberculate, quadrate with hollowed facets, 1.5 mm. diameter. 

Common on dry slopes. March to September. Gambel (as Microlotus 
nudiflorus); Trask; Brandegee; Reservoir Hill and Cherry Valley, Millsp 


4908, 5000; Descanso and Hamilton Canyons, Nuitall 210; divide between White’s 
Valley and Middle Ranch, Knopf 60. 


6. H. rubella Nutt. T: & Gr. Fl. N. A. 1:326 (1838), 
Lotus rubellus Greene, Pitton.2:141 (1890). 


Strigosely pubescent, much branched; leaflets 6-10, alternate, 
linear, rather obtuse, pedtincles 1-3-flowered, naked, or with a bract of 
a single leaflet; legume 2.6cm. long, pubescent, nearly straight, 7-10- 
seeded. Seeds yellowish-brown. With the preceding, to which it is 
closely allied, but with smaller and reddish flowers. 

Gravelly places, dry or moist. March to May. Covering a broad, dry, 
heavy-gravel level in Gallagher’s Canyon, Millsp. 4863; Coach Road and Avalon 


Valley, Nuttall 53, 145. 
This species, though upright, is weak and lax, about 4dm. high. 


7. H.anthylloides (Gray) Millsp. comb. nov. 
Hosackia grandiflora anthylloides Gray, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 1863:350 (1863). 

Low, 3.3 dm. high or less, velvety-pubescent. Leaflets of the 
upper leaves acute or pointed. Peduncles scarcely exceeding the 
leaves. Calyx-teeth attenuate, about as long as the tube. Corolla 
(14.8 mm. long) white and purplish-red; pods cylindric, thick-valved, 
glabrous, 1-2.5 cm. long; seeds reddish- atin smooth, quadrangular, 
1.25 cm. in diameter. 


The type—collected by Wallace in 1854 (in herb. Gray). It has not been 
seen by later collectors. 


9. SYRMATIUM Vogel. 
Herbaceous or suffrutescent perennials with odd-pinnate leaves: 
Flowers in sessile or pedunculate umbels, the umbels bracted or 
bractless. Closely related to Hosackia, but the pods indehiscent, 


more or less attenuate into the style, and often arcuate. : 
Umbels bracted: 
Calyx-teeth as long as tube, pubescence silvery I. ornithopum 


Calyx-teeth half as long as tube, pubescence not silvery 4 
2. Traskiae 
Umbels bractless: 


Leaves crispid-pubescent 3. micranthum 
Leaves glabrous: 
Umbels sessile, seeds olive green, not marked. 4. glabrum. 


Umbels pedunculate, seeds buff, freckled. 5. dendroideum. 


Frora of SANTA CATALINA IsLaAND—Muixispaucu & NUTTALL 151 


1. §. ornithopum Greene (ornithopus) Bull. Calif. Acad. 2:146 
(1886). 
Hosackia ornithopus Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1:185 (1885). 


Perennial from a woody base; stems 3 dm. high, densely silky 
throughout, the branches many, rigid, ascending; leaves 12-24 mm. 
long; leaflets 4-7, 7-12 mm. long, oblong, acute at both ends; umbels 
numerous, on peduncles longer than the leaves, single-bracted, many- 
flowered; flowers 8-9 mm. long; calyx 4-5 mm. long, the teeth about 
equaling the tube, subulate; pod 2-3-seeded, long-rostrate, strongly 
curved upward. Seeds grayish-green, flat, smooth, oblong, 1.5 mm. 
long, 0.5 mm. broad. 

Canyon washes and dry ridges, common, blooms the year around. Lyon & 
Nevin; Trask; Brandegee; Moxley 721; Smith 5020; Pendleton 1400; Reed 2537; 
Grant 715; Grant & Wheeler 708/6257 (as Lotus tomentosus); Hasse; Mc- 
Claichie; Rusby; Fisher; Davidson; Eastwood 6488, 6514; Carlson, Miilsp. 
4498, 4843, 4925; Nuttall 16, 1211; Knopf 49; Macbride & Payson 835; Boughton 
42; Moonstone Beach, Knopf 378. SILVERY CLOVER. 

The various reports of S. argophyllum, H. argophylla, L. argophylius and 
S. niveum from the island refer to the above species; argophyllum has much 
shorter calyx lobes and belongs to the Pine Belts of the mainland. 


2. §. Traskiz Eastw. Abrams, Fl. Los. Ang.201 (1917). 


Stems sufirutescent, erect, 4-18 dm. high, the branches appearing 
2-ranked, pubescent at the tips with short white hairs, becoming 
nearly glabrous; leaflets 3-4, usually 3, 8-12 mm. long, linear, acute at 
both ends, on an elongated finely pubescent rachis; umbels on slender 
peduncles shorter than the leaves, with a linear bract, 2-5-flowered ; 
flowers 1cm. long; calyx 5mm. long, scantily pubescent, the teeth 
short, pointed; corolla yellow; pod 3-4cm. long, very slender, with a 
short very slender tip, thinly pubescent. No ripe fruit seen. 

Dry hillsides and washes. March to June. Trask; Grant & Wheeler 
710a/2958; Davidson; Moonstone Beach, Knopf 377; Coach Road near Avalon, 
Nuttall 58. 

The type collection was from Mosquito Harbor, San Clemente Island, Mrs. 
Trask 287. 


3. §.micranthum (Nutt.) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad.2:147 (1886). 
Hosackia micrantha Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. 1:324 (1838). 
Lotus hamatus Greene, Pitton2:150 (1890). 


Stems’ spreading on the ground. Leaves smaller and more 
rounded than in the preceding species. Leaflets 4-6, cuneate or 
obovate, obtuse. Umbels 3-6-flowered, almost sessile, without bracts; 
the flowers minute, yellow. Plant pubescent (particularly the young 
shoots), prostrate. Teeth of the calyx short. Vexillum shorter than 
the keel. Legume pubescent, with a very long involute point. Pod 
linear-terete, minutely strigose-pilose, about 1.5 cm. long arising from 
‘a strongly incurved, U-shaped calyx, the tip strongly incurved, un- 
cinate. Seed elongate-cylindric, smooth, red-brown, narrowing from 


152. Frerp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vou. V. 


the rounded base to the rounded apex, 3mm. long, 0.75mm. in 
diameter at the base. 

Open, moist situations. April to July. Gambel (as Drepanolobus parvi- 
Aorus Nutt in herb. Gray) ; Hasse; Grant; Avalon Canyon at Chicken Johnny’s, 
Big Wash Canyon, and along the Coach Road, Nuttall 144, 232, 54. 

The species is well represented on the mainland by: Hasse, April, 1890, 
Sterile Hills, Los Angeles County; Parry, May, 1882, San Diego; Parish 2172, 
San Bernardino, June 3, 1891; and F. E. & E. S. Clements 146, La Jolla. 


4. §.glabrum Vog. Linnea1o:591 (1836). 
Hosackia glabra Torr. Bot. U.S. Expl. Exped.2:274 (1856). 


Suffrutescent, tufted and reedy, 5-1odm. high, erect or decum- 
bent, nearly glabrous; leaflets mostly 3, oblong to linear-oblong, 6-12 
mm. long, obtuse or acute; umbels numerous, sessile ; flowers 6-8 mm. 
long, yellow, turning reddish; calyx 3-5 mm. long; the teeth subulate, 
erect, slightly less than half as long as the tube. Pod long pointed. 
Seed 1, olive green, cylindric, very slightly curved, rounded at both 
ends, not maculate, 2 x 0.75 mm. 

In the beds of canyons. Blooms the year around. Avalon Run, McClatchie, 
Brandegee* (as S. dendroideum in herb. Field), Moxley 722, Nuttall 948; Big 
Wash Canyon, Nuttall 678, 961; 1004-1006; along the Coach Road, Nuttall 727; 
Descanso Canyon at the upper end, and along the Coach Road between How- 
land’s and Johnson’s, Millsp. 4495, 4819; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 4. Ap- 
parently much commoner than the next. 


5. S&.dendroideum Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad.2:146 (1886). 
Lotus dendroideus Greene, Pitton.2:148 (1890). 


Shrubby, the stems erect, 2-5 cm. thick, the branches numerous, 
short, their tips densely silky-pubescent; leaflets 3-5, on a dilated 
rachis, 4-8mm. long, oblong, obtuse; umbels on peduncles shorter 
than the leaves, bractless, many-flowered; flowers 7-8mm. long; 
calyx 4mm. long, densely pubescent, the teeth short and blunt, hairy ; 
pod 2-seeded, 11 mm. long, slightly curved with a short tip. Seeds 
buff, freckled with irregular, brown spots, cylindric, more curved than 
the last, rounded at both ends, 2.5 x I mm. 

At the West End, Lyon & Nevin (as Hosackia glabra in herb. Gray) ; 


Macbride & Payson 855 (as H. glabra in herb. Gray); Pebble Beach Road, 
Smuth 5047; Pebble Beach Canyon, Nuttall 493. 


10. VICIA Linn. 
Climbing or trailing, herbaceous vines, with pinnate tendril- 
bearing leaves, half-sagittate or entire stipules, and axillary, mostly 


*Brandegee says (Zoe 1:111 & 135): A polymorphous species (S. glabrum, 
dendroideum, patens) growing usually in slender clustered form of the main- 
land, but sometimes with a considerable elongation of the woody base, when it 
becomes S. dendroideum.”’ An observation based upon the varying vegetative 
characters (there being many races of both the species), but the seeds, even 
though but partly mature, readily differentiate the plants. We have not seen 
the seeds of the following Catalina specimens credited to dendroideum: East- 
wood 6458; Parish 10762. 


a 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 153 


racemose, flowers. Calyx-tube somewhat oblique, obtuse at the base, 
its teeth about equal. Standard obovate or oblong, emarginate, 
clawed; wings obliquely oblong, adherent to the shorter oblong 
curved keel. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1), or monadelphous 
below. Ovules © ; style very slender, with a tuft or ring of hairs at 
its summit. Pod flat, dehiscent, 2-valved, continuous between the 
seeds. 


I. V.exigua Nutt. T.& Gr. Fl.N.A.1:272 (1838). 


Slender annual, 20-60 cm. high, more or less pubescent: leaflets 
about 4 pairs, linear, acute, 12.7mm.-2.6cm. long: peduncles 
usually short, rarely 2-flowered: flowers 6.3mm. long, purplish; 
calyx-teeth lanceolate, nearly equalling the tube: pod smooth, linear- 
oblong, about 6-seeded. Seeds globular, 2.25mm. diameter, dark- 
brown, rather densely marked with irregular, darker maculations. 


In grassy places. March to May. Gambel; Miss McClatchie; Brandegee; 
Smith 4970; upper Pebble Beach Road, Nuttall ro8, 684; near the summit of the 
Equestrian Trail and Hamilton and Silver Canyons, Nuttall 543, 228, 683; Big 
a sca Millsp. 4853, Nuttall 238; Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 395. 


11. LATHYRUS Linn. 


Herbaceous vines, rarely erect herbs, with pinnate mostly tendril- 
bearing leaves, and racemose or sometimes solitary flowers. Calyx 
oblique or gibbous at the base, its teeth nearly equal or the upper ones 
_ somewhat shorter than the lower; corolla nearly as in Vicia, but 

commonly larger; stamens diadelphous (9 and 1), or monadelphous 
below. Ovary sessile or stalked; ovules generally numerous; style 
curved, flattened, hairy along its inner side; pod flat, or sometimes 
terete, 2-valved, dehiscent, continuous between the seeds. 


1. L, Alefeldi White, Bull. Torr. Club. 21:449 (1894). 
Orobus californicus Alef. Bonpl. 9:146 (1861) ex. syn. not 
Lathyrus californicus Doug]. 


Perennial; glabrous or sparingly pubescent throughout; stem 
rather stout, flexuous, quadrangular, wingless, scarcely striate be- 
tween the angles; stipules semi-cordate, acuminate, thick and strongly 
reticulated, one-third to one-half as long as the leaflets, and often 
nearly as broad, the lower lobe very coarsely acuminately toothed, 
leaflets 6-10, alternate or in pairs, oblong to ovate or obovate, obtuse, 
frequently retuse, thick and stiff, prominently reticulated, glabrous on 
both surfaces, 1.5-4.cm. long, one-half to one-third as broad; tendrils 
long, stout and trifid; peduncle 6-10-flowered, twice as long as the 
corresponding leaf; flowers large 2-3cm. long; corolla purple, pedt- 


154. Fretp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vou. V. 


cels longer than the calyx-tube, calyx dilated, pubescent, particularly 
on the margin; upper calyx-teeth broadly triangular, acute, lateral 
pair oblong-lanceolate, and the lowest coriaceous, subulate, the three 
lower teeth equalling the tube, the upper shorter; legume flat, spar- 
ingly pubescent, about 8-seeded. 

Moist shady banks or among grasses. January to May. The many flow- 
ered, ovate-leaved race: Lyon; Trask; Brandegee (as L. vestitus); trail to 
Summit and in Cherry Canyon, Smith 5030, 5004; shady, rich banks along 
Avalon Run, Millsp. 4736; Golf Links Canyon and Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 
77, 1085. 

The (sometimes) fewer-flowered, narrow-leaved race: dry stream-bed in 
open pasture, Middle Ranch, Millsp. 4607a; ridge between Rock Spring and 
Rock Falls Canyons, Moxley 690; Schoolhouse Ridge and Pebble Beach Canyon, 
Nuttall 45, 205, 676; ridge between Descanso and Hamilton Canyons, Knopf 38. 
WILD SWEET PEA. °° 

There are many races of this plant some with more and larger flowers, 
some with broadly oval to ovate leaves, others with ovate-lanceolate to linear, 
but all may appear on one stem. These races do not even remain constant as 
to shady or exposed situations though the broader leaves are more common to 
shade and the narrower to exposure. The synonomy would be difficult to settle 
upon except through extended field work, copious notes, ripe fruit, and a goodly 
series of well prepared specimens. Apparently (at this writing) the following 
species are included in this: L. strictus Nutt. (this would supplant Alefeldi) 
and L. violaceus (!) Barberae White; but possibly not L. vestitus Nutt., L. 
violaceus Greene, and L. puberulus White. All attempts to properly classify 
vines or climbing plants through leaf-forms and sizes; inadequate herbarium 
material; or worse still by cultivation from seed, in which case characters can 
not remain constant, appears to us worse than futile. 


[Genista linifolia Linn. The European DYERS’ GREEN- 
WOLD grows as a silvery, yellow-flowered bush, four feet high, at 
the summit of the cable railway on the south hill above Avalon, where 
it blooms profusely from March to April (Muillsp. 4836). It has not, 
so far, shown a tendency to become naturalized. | 


[Acacia sps. There have been transplanted to the hill path 
above Lover’s Cove, several species of Acacia of evident Australian 
origin (Nuttall ror, 119, 672). They are growing and fruiting luxur- 
iantly but have, so far, shown no tendency to reproduce on the 
island. | 


[Mucuna sp. One of the old fishermen claims to have collected 
in 1915, “about a dozen sea beans” (Knopf 206) from “a bush 
growing at the base of a seaside hill in one of the bays of the island 
shore.” He claims to have no positive remembrance of the exact 
spot, and that they might possibly have been from a vine climbing 
over the bush. Though he has attempted to guide Mr. Knopf to the 
locality, no specimen has, as yet, resulted. ] 


Order 10. GERANIALES. 
Herbs, shrubs, trees or sometimes succulent or tender plants or 
woody vines with tissues with or without secreting glands or cells. 
Leaves various in position and form. Calyx and corolla regular or 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA I[SLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 155 


irregular sometimes appendaged with a spur or sac. Stamens as 
many as the sepals or petals sometimes twice as many, rarely more; 
anthers opening lengthwise. Ovary superior, mostly compound: 
ovules pendulous, the raphe toward the axis of the ovary. 


Petals evident, usually as many as the sepals. 
Flowers regular or very nearly so: 
Tissues devoid of secreting cells or glands: 
Leaves palmately cleft, parted or divided. 1. GERANIACEAE. 


Leaves compound, 2. OXALIDACEAE. 
Leaves peltate. 3. TROPAEOLACEAE. 
Tissues with secreting cells or glands: 
Leaves punctate. 4. RUTACEAE. 
Flowers often apetalous, monoecious; carpels 
mostly 3. 5. EUPHORBIACEAE. 


Family 1. GERANIACEZ. 
GERANIUM FAMILY 


Annual, biennial or perennial herbs with erect scape-like or dif- 
fusely dichotomous stems. Leaves normally opposite, stipulate, 
blades toothed, lobed, or more or less pinnately, palmately or pedately 
cleft, parted or divided. Flowers regular, cymose; calyx of 5 im- 
bricate persistent sepals each often terminating in a subulate tip which 
is occasionally bristle-appendaged; corolla of 5 white or colored 
deciduous petals; receptacle with or without 5 glands. Androecium 
of 10 or rarely 5 or fewer stamens the filaments united at the base. 
Gyncecium of 5 carpels whose styles are adnate to an elongate cen- 
tral column from which they break at maturity; each carpel 2- 
ovulate but maturing but 1 seed, Seed with little endosperm; 
cotyledons folded, incumbent. 


Tails of the carpels not bearded: 


Fertile stamens Io. 1. GERANIUM. 
Tails of the carpels bearded inside: 
Fertile stamens 5. 2. Eropium. 


1. GERANUIM Linn. 


Annual or perennial herbs the rootstocks, when present, ter- 
minating in a simple or branched caudex. Leaves opposite; blades 
palmately or radially lobed, cleft or parted; Sepals 5, usually awn- 
tipped, occasionally awnless. Petals 5, often pubescent near the base, 
not markedly differentiated into claw and blade. Stamens 10 or rarely 
5; filaments usually ciliate near the base. Style column usually beaked, 
- the styles glabrous within, not spirally twisted when freed from the 
axis. Carpel bodies turgid, permanently attached to the styles, 


156 Fretp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vou. V. 


rounded at the base, not appendaged at the top. Seeds smooth, 
reticulate or pitted. 


1. G.carolinianum Linn. Sp. Pl.682 (1753). 


Annual or biennial. Stem simple below, erect, or branched at the 
base, branches ascending or rarely spreading, more or less glandular 
pubescent ; leaf blades 3-6cm. broad, reniform or orbicular-reniform 
in outline, slightly angular, the main divisions cleft or parted, lobes 
oblong or linear-oblong; peduncles and pedicels relatively short 
forming a congested inflorescence; sepals awn-tipped the outer ones 
6-10 mm. long, ovate or broadly ovate the awn tips rather long; petals 
pink or whitish about as long as the sepals; style-column 12-18 mm. 
long at’ maturity, with somewhat spreading often glandular hairs; 
carpel bodies 3-3.5 mm. long, pilose with erect hairs; seeds reticulate. 


Shady situations in cafions. June to July. Cafion opposite Chicken Johnny’s, 
June 16, 1920; Nuttall 342; Trask (N. Y., Feld); Brandegee. CRANESBILL, 
WILD GERANIUM. 


2. ERODIUM L’Her. 


Annual or perennial herbs at first acaulescent later with more or 
less elongated stems. Leaves opposite; blades merely toothed or pin- 
natifid or pinnately divided, often long-petioled. Sepals 5, the awn- 
tips sometimes bristle appendaged. Petals 5, those of the later flowers 
reduced more than in the earlier ones. Stamens 5, alternating with 
5 staminodia. Style column conspicuously elongate, the styles 
pubescent within and spirally coiled when free from the central axis. 
Carpel-bodies narrow, acute at the base. Seeds smooth. 


Leaf divisions large, ovate: 


Sepal tips nude. I. moschatum. 
Leaf divisions small, narrow: ; 
Sepal tips long bristled. 2. cicutarium. 


1 E.moschatum (L.) L’Her. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed.I,2:414 (1789). 
Geranium moschatum Linn. Sp. Pl. 680 , (1753). 


Leaves 5-12cm. long or sometimes shorter; blades pinnately 
divided, the segments ovate or oblong-ovate 1-3 cm. long, toothed or 
pinnately cleft, the lobes toothed; peduncles and pedicels glandular- 
pubescent ; sepals with a short, subulate tip destitute of bristles, the 
outer 6-7 mm. long, oblong or elliptic-oblong; petals slightly longer 
than the sepals; anther-bearing filaments 2-toothed; style-column 
3.5-4.5 cm. long in fruit, puberulent. Seeds elongated pyriform, 4mm. 
long. 

Very abundant in meadows and moist, grassy places, becoming more plenti- 


ful through its rank and rapid growth than the next species. January to June. 
On the Coach Road at the Wishbone, January 10, 1920, Millsp. 4563; roadside 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 157 


and fields at the Isthmus, 4627, 4919. The earlier collectors do not report its 
presence on the Island. Mrs. Trask distributed it as E. cicutarium (N. Y., 
Field). PIN CLOVER. 


2. E.cicutarium (L.) L’Her. supra. 
Geranium cicutarium Linn. supra. 


Leaves 5-12cm. long, pinnately divided, the segments narrowly 
oblong pinnatifid or incisely toothed; peduncles and pedicels more or 
less hirsute rarely glandular; sepals with short tips furnished with 
1-3 bristle-like appendages, the outer 6-7 mm. long, oblong or nearly 
so; petals somewhat longer than the sepals; anther-bearing filaments 
toothless; style-column 3-4cm. long in fruit; minutely pubescent; 
seeds 2.5 mm. long. 


Common on dry banks, roadsides and in arid situations. January to June. 
The beautiful, radiate, flat rosettes just appearing in bloom January 10, 1920, on 
the dry, trodden margin of the Coach Road at the Wishbone, Millsp. 4562; slopes 
of the high hill back of the Avalon School House, May 209, 1920, Nuttall 31; 
Knopf 25; Trask; Lyon; Brandegee. FILAREE (a corruption of the Spanish 
name Alfilerilla). It is asserted that, some years ago, a Mexican sheep herder, 
knowing the value of this plant as fodder, was wont to carry a quantity of the 
seed with him on his rides about the island and sow it broadcast in all new 
localities he visited. 


Family 2,5 OXALIDACEZ. 
SORREL FAMILY 


Herbs, commonly with horizontal or bulb-like rootstocks, or 
shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, sometimes all basal, rarely reduced 
to phyllodia; stipules free, adnate to the petiole, or obsolete, blades 
compound, commonly palmately or pinnately 3-foliate or often sev- 
eral-many-foliate, or rarely 1-foliate but predominately with obcor- 
date or.obreniform blades. Flowers perfect, nearly regular but un- 
symmetrical, borne in simple or compound cymes which terminate 
peduncles. Calyx of 5 herbaceous or rarely petaloid sepals. Corolla 
of 5 various colored or white petals. Androecium of twice as many 
stamens as there are sepals, in 2 rows; filaments united at the base, the 
longer ones sometimes appendaged on the back; anthers 2-celled, 
versatile. Gynoecium 5-carpellary, the carpel bodies united; styles 
distinct or merely coherent; stigmas terminal or introrse, entire or 
cleft. Ovules several or many in each carpel, or rarely only 1 or 2. 
Fruit a capsule with each carpel opening by a longitudinal valve, or 
a berry. Seeds transversely wrinkled. 


Acaulescent : 

Rootstock elongate with bulblets at the nodes. 1. BoLpoxALis. 
Caulescent : 

Rootstock from an elongated tuberous root. 2. XMANTHOXALIS. 


158 Frerp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vou. V. 


1. BOLBOXALIS Small. 


Perennial succulent herbs with rootstocks which bear bulblets at 
their nodes. Leaves alternate but clustered; petioles elongate; blades 
palmately 3-foliolate; leaflets sessile, with broadly obcordate or some- 
what obreniform blades. Flowers borne in umbel-like cymes sub- 
tended by scale-like bracts; sepals 5, nearly equal, or the inner ones 
slightly narrower than the outer, each bearing a pair of apical 
tubercles; petals 5, yellow, typically large and conspicuous. Stamens 
10, filaments united at the base, the longer ones appendaged on the 
back. Ovary elongate; styles slender; stigmas capitate. Capsule 
oblong or columnar. Seeds tuberculate, wrinkled. 


1. B.cernua (Thunb.) Small N. A. Flora 25:28 Cer 
Oxalis cernua Thunb. Diss. Oxal. 14 (1781). 


Plants 1-4. dm. tall, bright green; leaflets 2-3.5 cm. broad or less, 
the blades very broadly obcordate, glabrous or sometimes pubescent 
beneath; peduncles surpassing the leaves, glabrous at least in age; 
pedicels 4-20, more or less pubescent; sepals lanceolate to linear- 
lanceolate, 4.5-6.5 mm. long, the outer ones more pubescent than the 
inner; petals deep yellow, 2-3cem. long; filaments glabrous; gynee- 
cium pubescent; capsules 5-8 mm. long. 


A native of the Cape of Good Hope thoroughly and plentifully established 
on the grassy east slopes of Descanso Canton (Muillsp. 4542, Jany. 5, 1920) and in 
many other localities in the vicinity of Avalon. 


2. XANTHOXALIS Small. 


Herbs with horizontal rootstocks or with merely annual tap- 
roots; or shrubs. Leaves alternate, often clustered at the nodes, 
the stipules obsolete or merely dilations at the base of the petiole; 
blades palmately 3-foliolate, the leaflets mostly about as wide as long, 
or wider and obcordate, or rarely broadest near the base and merely 
obtuse, acute or acuminate, all sessile. Flowers borne in umbel-like 
or dichotomous cymes, the stalk not joined. Sepals 5, herbaceous 
or petaloid, the inner ones often slightly narrower than the outer; 
petals 5, yellow or purplish and rarely darker at the base, deciduous, 
broadened upward; stamens 10, the filaments united in a tube at the 
base. Ovary mostly elongate; styles filiform or subulate. Capsule 
columnar to oblong, or decidedly narrowed upward, prismatic, erect. 
Seeds transversely ridged, the ridges sometimes broken up into 
tubercles. 


| 
: 
| 
} 
' 


FLoRA OF SANTA CaTALINA ISLAND—MILLspAuGH & NUTTALL 159 


1. X. californica Abrams Bull. Torr. Club 34:264 (1907). 


Stems erect or decumbent, 1-4 dm. tall, with scattered, appressed 
or lax hairs, or nearly glabrous in age, tufted on long-fusiform woody 
roots; leaves bright green, the blades 7-16 mm. broad with scattered 
hairs on both surfaces and ciliate; peduncles much longer than the 
petioles; pedicels strigillose relatively long and often conspicuously 
elongate and refracted in fruit; sepals 5-6.5mm. long at maturity, 
usually purple-margined and tipped; petals orange-yellow, salmon on 
the outer surface, 9-13 mm. long; longer filaments glabrous; capsules 
columnar, very stout, 11-16mm. long, minutely pubescent, rather 
abruptly narrowed at the apex; seeds ovoid, 1.8 mm. long, transversely 
anastomose-wrinkled. 


On dry banks in cafions. April to June. Silver Catton, March 27 (not in 
flower) 1920, Millsp. 4879; Rock Spring Cafion, May 6, 1920 (in full flower 
-and ripe fruit), Nuttall 127, 745; Knopf 91; Mrs. Trask (N. Y.); 


Family 3. TROPAZOLACER. 
NASTURTIUM FAMILY 


Twining or spreading annual or perennial sometimes tuberous 
herbs with usually peltate leaf-blades which are angled, lobed or dis- 
sected, axillary, 1-flowered peduncles or the flowers rarely in umbels. 
Flowers irregular, perfect, the hypanthium produced backward into a 
spur. Sepals 5, imbricate or valvate, connate at the base. Petals 5, 
rarely fewer by abortion, imbricate, the upper ones exterior and more 
or less dissimilar to the lower and on account of the posterior enlarge- 
ment of the hypanthium, at some distance from the stamens. Stamens 
8, free, unequal, declinate. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled; style single, 
apical, filiform, the branches short, introrsely stigmatic. Ovule 
solitary, pendulous from the apex of the cell. Fruit with the carpels 
persistent a short time and then separating from the axis, indehiscent, 
indurated, fleshy, wrinkled. Seed without endosperm ;. cotyledons 
thick, fleshy; hypocotyl very short. 


1. TROPZZOLUM Linn. 
Characters of the family as above. 


1. T.majus Linn. Sp. Pl. 345 (1753). 


Leaves orbicular, peltately nerved, slightly 5-lobed by crenations, 
the apical nerve not exserted beyond the margin; petals obtuse. 


A well-known Peruvian plant: our common garden NASTURTIUM, widely 
escaped and established in moist, grassy places, in the vicinity of Avalon 
(Millsp. 4537, Jany. 3, 1920), Banning’s Landing; Cherry Valley; and How- 
land’s, this latter location far removed from dwellings of any character. 


160 FreLtp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


Family 4. RUTACE. 
RUE FAMILY 


Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with heavy-scented and glandular- 
punctate foliage, mainly compound ,estipulate leaves, and perfect or 
polygamo-dicecious flowers. Sepals 4 or 5, or none. Petals 4 or 5, 
hypogynous or perigynous. Stamens of the same number, or twice 
as many, distinct, inserted on the receptacle; anthers 2-celled, mostly 
versatile. Disk annular. Pistils 1-5 distinct, or 1 and composed of 
2-5 carpels, inserted on the receptacle. Fruit various, a capsule, berry 
or samara. 


1. RUTA Linn. 


Perennial caulescent sometimes partly woody herbs, with gland- 
ular-punctate foliage and often heavy scented herbage. Leaves 
alternate; blades divided. Flowers in terminal corymbosé or panicled 
cymes. Sepals 4-5, persistent. Petals 4-5, yellow or greenish, imbri- 
cated. Disk thick, 8-10-lobed. Stamens 8-10. Ovary 4-5-celled, 
sessile, 4-5-lobed; styles united; stigma terminal. Ovules several 
in each cavity of the ovary. Capsule 4-5-celled, 4-5-lobed, commonly 
opening at the apex. Seeds several. 


1. R.graveolens Linn. Sp. Pl. 383 (1753). 


Stems 2-8dm. tall, corymbose at the ends: leaf-blades twice 
ternately divided, the ultimate segments rounded or notched at the 
apex: sepals triangular or ovate, 2.4-4 mm. long: petals 5-7 mm. long, 
the broad blade with involute margins and apex, abruptly narrowed 
into the claw: capsules depressed, 8-11 mm. wide, 4-5-lobed. 


Waste grounds. April to May. Avalon Valley near Chicken Johnny’s, 
Millsp. 4647. RUE. The plants are quite woody and appear like shrubs. This 
is the only station so far known, for this European immigrant, on the island. 


Family 5. EUPHORBIACEZ. 
SPURGE FAMILY 


Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with milky acrid juice, moncecious or 
dicecious commonly apetalous and often naked flowers, a free and 
usually 3-celled ovary, having one or a pair of collateral anatropous 
ovules (solitary in our species) pendulous from the summit of each 
cell, and maturing into a mostly 3-celled and 3-lobed elastically 
dehiscent capsule, the lobes septicidally separating and then loculi- 
cidally splitting into two valves, leaving a central axis; the crustaceous 


FLora oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 161 


seeds with a large and straight embryo (having usually broad coty- 
ledons) in the axis of rather scanty albumen. Stamens I to many. 
Styles or stigmas as many or twice as many as the cells of the ovary. 
Leaves mostly alternate and simple, often stipulate. 


Flowers without an involucre: 


Capsule 1-celled. 1. EREMOCARPUS. 
Capsule 3-celled. 2. Ricinus. 
Flowers in a cup-shaped involucre: 
Involucral glands unappendaged. 3. TITHYMALUS. 
Involucral glands with petaloid appendages: 
Leaves aequilateral, scattered. 4. TRICHEROSTIGMA. 
Leaves inaequilateral, opposite. 5. CHAMAESYCE. 


1. EREMOCARPUS Benth. 


Flowers moncecious, in axillary cymose fascicles, without involu- 
cre and apetalous, and the pistillate without calyx. Staminate calyx 
5-6-parted, slightly imbricate. Stamens 6 or 7, central on the hairy 
receptacle (disk obsolete): filaments exserted: anthers inflexed in the 
bud. Ovary with 4 or 5 small glands at the base, 1-celled, 1-ovuled ; 
style simple, filiform, stigmatic at the apex. Capsule obovate-oblong, 
2-valved. Seed smooth and shining: albumen fleshy. Cotyledons 
broad, cordate, as long as the radicle. — A low heavy-scented annual, 
with alternate entire 3-nerved petiolate leaves, without stipules. 


1. E.setigerus (Hook.) Bth. Bot. Sulph. 53,t.26 (1844). 
Croton setigerus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am.2:141 (1838). 
Piscaria setigera Piper, Fl. Wash. 383 (1893). 


_ Hoary throughout with a very dense stellate pubescence and 
hispid with stiff spreading hairs: stems stout, dichotomously branched 
from the base, mostly procumbent or ascending, 3.3 dm. long or less: 
leaves thick, ovate, obtuse, cuneate or rounded at base, 12.7 mm.-5.1 
cm. long, on long petioles, the upper crowded and apparently opposite 
or ternate: staminate flowers pedicelled; calyx with oblong obtuse 
segments 2.1mm. long: pistillate flowers in the lower axils, 1 to 3 
together: ovary and style densely pubescent: capsule and seed 4.2 mm. 
long. 

On dry, grassy upland levels. May to Sept. Brandegee; Lyon (lists); 
White’s Landing, Smith 5172; Summit, Millsp. 4918 (fruit only); ridge west 
of Avalon and at Summit, Nuftall 284, 639. TURKEY MULLEIN. 


2. RICINUS. 


A tall stout moneecious herb, glabrous and glaucous, with alternate 
large peltate palmately lobed leaves, and numerous small apetalous 
greenish flowers in terminal racemes, the pistillate above the sta- 


162 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vou. V. 


minate. Staminate flowers with a 3-5-parted calyx, the segments 
valvate, and numerous crowded stamens; filaments repeatedly 
branched. Pistillate flowers with a caducous calyx. Capsule sub- 
globose, or oval, separating into 3, 2-valved carpels. Endosperm 
fleshy and oily. A monotypic genus. 


1. R.communis Linn. Sp. Pl. 1007 (1753). 


Stems erect, I-5 m. tall, more or less branched, becoming tree-like 
in warm regions. Leaves nearly orbicular in outline, 1-6dm. broad, 
6-11-palmately lobed and peltate, the lobes toothed, acute, or acumin- 
ate; capsule 12-16mm. in diameter, usually spiny; seeds shining, 
smooth, black variegated with white, or mottled with gray and brown 
markings. 

Escaped from cultivation, and thoroughly established, in the vicinity of 


ee, to December. Millsp. 4538. CASTOR BEAN. CASTOR OIL 
PLA ; 


3. TITHYMALUS (Tourn.) Adans. 


Annual or perennial milky herbs or shrubby plants with simple or 
branched stems topped by several-rayed cyme-like umbels. Leaves 
below the umbel scattered or alternate, estipulate, often broadened 
upward; bracts of the umbel quite different from the stem-leaves, 
entire or toothed. Involucres sessile or peduncled, the lobes often 
toothed; glands 4, transversely oblong and appearing reniform by the 
cornuate extremities or appendages. Capsule smooth or tuberculate; 
cocci rounded or more or less carinate. Seeds variously pitted, often 


carunculate. 
Pods warty, glands discoid, entire. i. dictyospermus. % 
Pods smooth, glands crescent shaped, 2-horned. . ‘2. leptocerus. 


1. T.dictyospermus (F.& M.) Heller, Muhl.1:56 (1904). 
Euphorbia dictyosperma F. & M. Ind. Hb. Petrop. 2 :37 (1835). 


Annual, glabrous, usually erect, 15 cm.-4dm. high: stem simple 
below or often branching from the base dichotomously branched above: 
cauline leaves scattered, oblong to obovate-spatulate, obtuse and ob- 
tusely serrulate, often retuse, 1.2-3.8 cm. long; on the branches opposite, 
broadly ovate to oblong, the floral ones round-ovate, subcordate, 
mucronate, 4-6 mm. long: rays usually 3, 2 to 4 times forked: invo- 
lucres and glands small: style bifid or parted: capsule with rounded and 
warty lobes, 2-3mm. long: seeds sub-globose, delicately net-veined, 
dark colored with thin flattened caruncle. 

Dry, open situations, March to May. “Rare in few localities.” Trask; 


Brandegee list; hillside at Fisherman’s Cove and Pebble Beach flat, Millsp. 
4786, 4886. 


¢ 


Friora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspAuGH & NUTTALL 163 


2. T.leptocerus (Engelm.) Millsp. comb. nov. 
Euphorbia leptocera Engelm. Pac. RR. 4:135 (1857). 


Annual or sometimes biennial, glabrous, erect or decumbent at 
the branching base, 3dm. high: leaves obovate-spatulate, obtuse, 
often mucronate, 1.2-3 cm. long, the upper ones sometimes erose-den- 
ticulate; those on the branches and the floral ones opposite or usually 
ternate, deltoid or broadly rhombic-ovate, sometimes connate, acute, 
6-12 mm. broad: branches 2 or 3 times dichotomous, the upper nodes 
much the shorter: involucres turbinate, the oblong lobes nearly entire ; 
glands large, crescent-shaped, the slender horns sometimes cleft: 
styles elongated, bifid: capsule 4mm. broad: seeds usually ash- 
colored, oblong-ovate, conspicuously dark-pitted, nearly 3mm. long, 
with a prominent caruncle. 

Dry situations in canyons, March to June. In the arroya of Gallagher’s 
Canyon, Millsp. 4867; in the arroya of Avalon Run and of Big Wash Canyon, 


Nuttall 170, Davidson; on the crest of the ridge at the left of Big Wash, Nuttall 
236. SPURGE. 


4. TRICHEROSTIGMA KI. & Gke. 


Shrubs, with erect or procumbent stems and more or less succu- 
lent tissues. Leaves scattered, few, usually fugacious: blades small, 
becoming firm. Stipules none. Involucres solitary, and subtended by 
fleshy bracts near the ends of the branches, or in axillary cymes, hemi- 
spheric, pubescent within; lobes toothed or fimbriate. Glands 5, 
subtended by entire petal-like appendages. Capsule 3-lobed, exserted. 
Seeds 4-sided, somewhat wrinkled. 


1. T.miserum KI. & Gke. Monatsbl. Akad. Berl. 248 (1859). 
Euphorbia misera Bth. Bot. Sulph. 51 (1844). 


A much branched straggling shrub, 6-9 dm. high: young branches 
pubescent: leaves minutely puberulent or glabrate, solitary or few 
upon the short branchlets, round-obovate, obtuse or retuse, mostly 
cuneate at base, 4-12mm. long, exceeding the petioles; stipules fim- 
briate: involucres hemispherical, solitary and terminal, 2.1 mm. 
long; lobes short, inflexed; glands purple, with a white crenulate 
margin: capsules 4.2 mm. long, with rounded lobes, somewhat warty: 
seeds round-ovate, reticulate-wrinkled or obscurely pitted, 3.5 mm. 
long. 

Coastal slopes and rocky shores, December to August. On rocks, scarcely 
above high tide, between Lookout Point and Seal Rocks, Trask, Hasse. 


5. CHAMZESYCE S. F. Gray. 


Annual or perennial herbs ‘or shrubs, the stem often diffuse at 


164 Fire~tp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vou. V. 


the base; the branches prostrate or ascending, forking. Leaves 
opposite, inaequilateral, more or less oblique at the base, entire or 
toothed; stipules minute, entire or lacerate. Inflorescence solitary 
or capitulate, axillary and terminal; involucre toothed, glandular on 
the margin; glands 4, naked or appendaged (the Sth gland repre- 
sented by a sulcus in the margin of the involucral tube). Capsule 
more or less globose, 3-coccous, the cocci sharply angled or rounded; 
seeds minute, ovoid or elongated-ovoid, more or less quadrangular, 
the facets smooth or transversely ridged. 


i. C.serpyilifolia (Pers.) Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 712, 1333 (1903). 
Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. Ench. Bot. 2:14 1807). 


Annual, dark green, or becoming reddish, glabrous. Stems 
branched from the base, the branches slender, prostrate or ascending, 
1-4 dm. long: leaf-blades oblong to spatulate, 3-12 mm. long, obtuse 


or retuse, nearly entire, or serrulate above the middle, short-petioled, | 


the base oblique, mostly truncate or obtuse: stipules at length a fringe 
of weak bristles: involucres solitary in the axils, sometimes clustered 
toward the ends of the branchlets, over I mm. long: glands 4, disk- 
like; appendages narrow, lobed: capsules 2mm. broad, slightly nod- 
ding; seeds ovoid, hardly 1 mm. long, 4-angled, the facets transversely 
wrinkled. 


Flatly prostrate in dry, open places. June to December. Avalon Valley, 
Berea a eaeeee list; Pendleton 1398; Nuttall 605; Knopf 232. GROUND 
E. 


Order 11. SAPINDALES. 


Mostly trees or shrubs. Petals usually present and separate. 
Sepals mostly distinct. Stamens rarely more than twice as many as 
the sepals, when as many or fewer, opposite them. Ovary superior, 
compound. Ovules pendulous, with the raphe away from the axis of 
the ovary, or erect or ascending. 


Family 1 ANACARDIACEZ. 
SUMAC FAMILY 


Trees or shrubs, with acrid resinous or milky sap, alternate or 
rarely opposite leaves, and polygamo-dioecious or perfect, mainly 
regular flowers. Calyx 3-7-cleft. Petals of the same number, imbri- 
cated in the bud, or rarely none. Disk generally annular. Stamens as 
many or twice as many as the petals, rarely fewer, or more, inserted 
at the base of the disk; filaments mostly separate; anthers commonly 


& 


Frora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLanD—MILLspauGH & Nutratt 165 


versatile. Ovary in the staminate flowers r1-celled. Ovary in the 
pistillate flowers I- or sometimes 4-5-celled; styles 1-3; ovules 1 in 
each cavity. Fruit generally a small drupe. Seed-coat bony or crust- 
aceous; endosperm little or none; cotyledons fleshy. 


Leaves trifoliate, deciduous. 1. TOXICODENDRON. 
Leaves simple, evergreen: 
Ovary and fruits viscid and hairy. 2. NEOSTYPHONIA. 
Ovary and fruits smooth. 3. MALosMa. 


t. TOXICODENRON Mill. 


Shrubs, small trees, or vines climbing by aerial rootlets, with 
3-foliolate or pinnate leaves poisonous to the touch, and axillary 
panicles of small, greenish or white polygamous flowers. Calyx 
5-cleft; petals and stamens 5; ovary I-ovuled; style terminal. 
Drupes small, glabrous, or sparingly pubescent when young, the stone 
striate. 


i. T.diversilobum (T. & G.) Greene, Leaflets 1:119 (1905). 
Plate XIII, f. 3. 
Rhus diversiloba T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1:218 (1838) 


Nearly glabrous; stem erect or climbing, with short leafy 
branches; leaves 3- (rarely 5-) foliolate; leaflets very obtuse, in the 
pistillate plant slightly in the staminate, rather deeply pinnately lobed; 
lobes very obtuse, the incisions acute; panicles axillary, racemose ; 
drupes subglobose. 


Moister hillside woods and canyon bottoms. February to May. Frequent 
as an erect shrub 3-4 m. high, or climbing to greater heights. Lyon; Trask; 
Brandegee; Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6468; Swain’s Canyon, Nuttall 622; 
Banning’s Canyon at the mouth, Millsp. 4596; Avalon Canyon, on the hillside 
bank of Avalon Run, Smith 5069, Millsp. 4716, 4734. POISON IVY, POISON 
OAK, FIVE-LEAVED OAK. 

The plants of this species on Catalina present far more variation in habit 
and leaf form than any that we have met with on the mainland. This species 
is a virulent poison, by contact, at any season of the year, to persons susceptible 
to poisoning by “Poison Ivy” growing in this or other parts of America. 

A case of poisoning from smelling of the crushed leaves in January, came 
under the notice of the senior author while working on the island: the face 
became suffused; great heat and irritation accompanied by restlessness and 
irritability followed; extensive water blisters formed and large patches of 
excoriation resulted. These were followed by exfoliation. The best remedy 
proved to be the keeping of the affected parts moist with a solution of hypo- 
sulphite of soda. ‘ 


2. NEOSTYPHONIA Shafer. 


Shrubs or small trees, with simple toothed or entire coriaceous 
persistent leaves. Flowers-on bracted pedicels in short dense racemes 


166 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vov. V. 


closely paniculate at the ends of the branches. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, 
the lobes rounded, concave. Petals and stamens 5. Ovary 1-ovuled. 
Fruit densely pubescent and viscid, acid, the exocarp persistent; stone 
smooth, strongly compressed. 


Inflorescence cinereous, leaves obtuse. 1. integrifolia, 
Inflorescence glabrate, leaves acute. 2. ovata. 


1. N. integrifolia (Nutt.) Shafer, Britt. & Shaf. N. A. Trees 612 
(1908). 
Styphonia integrifolia Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. 1:220 (1838). 
Rhus integrifolia B. & H., Wats. Wheeler Rep. 84 (1878). 


Low evergreen shrub, 1-2 m. high, often more or less depressed, 
with short stiff branches; leaves mostly single sometimes a few 
ternate, oval, rigid-coriaceous, very obtuse at both ends, or acutish at 
base, entire or sometimes serrate, 2.5-4cm. long, dark green and 
shining above, veiny and paler beneath; petioles 5-8 mm. long; inflo- 
rescence and young parts cinereous or canescently puberulent; flowers 
white or rose-colored, glomerate, sessile, subtended by rather thick 
orbicular bracts within which are 2 similar but thinner bractlets; 
sepals oval-orbicular, scarious-margined, ciliolate; drupes very, viscid 
and acid, about 10 mm. in diameter. 

Common on all hillside slopes. January to July. Near the Isthmus, 
Lyon 55; Avalon vicinity, Trask, “Twenty to twenty-five feet high with trunk 
a foot in diameter”, Brandegec, Nuttall 13, Hall 8288; Eastwood 6449; Dall & 
Baker; Pebble Beach Canyon, Smith 5116, Millsp. 4915; Knopf 10, 14, 311; Ham- 
ilton Canyon, Millsp. 4533; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5090; Swain’s Canyon, ‘Jepson 
3054; Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4800. SOUR OAK, SOUR BERRY, SUMACH. 


A cooling drink is made from the ripe fruits, called by the Mexicans 
LIMONADE. 


2. N.ovata (Wats. ) Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:403 (1910). 
Rhus ovata Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20:358 (1885). 


Erect or spreading evergreen shrub, 1.5-3 m. high; leaves rigid- 
coriaceous, very smooth and shining, ovate or subcordate, acute at 
apex, entire or sharply serrate, some few leaves ternate; inflorescence 
glabrous or glabrate; bracts as 1n the last; calyx scarcely or not at all 
ciliolate; fruit 8mm. in diameter, otherwise as in the last. 

Rocky canyons, never common. March to May. Mrs. Trask says: 
“Abundant in three of the largest canyons. It has a clear trunk and bushy 


head like an orchard tree”; Rusby; Silver Canyon, Nuttall 281. SUGAR 
BUSH, SUMACH. 


3. MALOSMA Nutt. 


Arborescent shrubs with simple coriaceous persistent leaves and 
small flowers in ample terminal panicles. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals and 
stamens 5. Ovary I-ovuled. Fruit small, with a smooth whitish 


FiLora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILtspauGcH & NuTTALL 167 


exocarp, beaked by the persistent styles; stone nearly smooth, thick- 
ened and rugose along one edge. 


1. M. laurina Nutt. Engl. DC. Monogr. 4:393 (1883). 

Rhus laurina Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. r:219 = (1838). 

Erect evergreen shrub or tree, 2-4 m. high, exhaling the odor of 
bitter almonds; leaves thin, coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, entire, 
acute or obtuse, mucronate, 7-10 cm. long, rounded at base, on rather 
long petioles; flowers polygamous, very small, white, numerous, in 
ample terminal panicles; drupes whitish, 2-3mm. in diameter, 
smooth ; mesocarp waxy; stone minute, smooth. 


Common on hillsides and canyons, sometimes with a trunk up to a foot in 
diameter. Often a few leaves show a tendency toward ternation. June to July. 
Lyon; Avalon vicinity, Trask, Brandegee, Smith 4988, 5164; Eastwood 6484; 
Hasse; Jepson 3049, Reed 2828, Pendleton 1434, Nuttall 309, 1157; Pebble Beach 
and Banning’s Canyon, Knopf 164, 238. LAUREL SUMACH. 


{Schinus molle Linn., the CALIFORNIA PEPPERTREE, is grown in 
a few places near Avalon (Nuttall 150), but it has shown no tendency to become 
naturalized so far as we have observed.] 


Order 12. RHAMNALES. 


Shrubs, vines, or small trees, with nearly always alternate leaves. 
Flowers small, regular. Sepals mostly more or less united. Petals 
distinct or wanting. Stamens as many as the sepals or calyx-lobes 
and alternate with them, opposite the petals when these are present. 
Ovary compound, superior; ovules erect. 


Shrubs or trees, fruit a drupe or capsule. t. RHAMNACEAE, 
Vines, fruit a berry. 2. VITACEAE. 


Family 1. RHAMNACEZ. 
BUCKTHORN FAMILY 


Erect or climbing shrubs, or small trees, often thorny. Leaves 
simple, stipulate, mainly alternate, often 3-5-nerved. Stipules small, 
deciduous. Inflorescence commonly of cymes or panicles. Flowers 
small, regular, perfect or polygamous. Calyx-limb 4-5-toothed or 4-5- 
lobed. Petals 4-5, inserted on the calyx, or none. Stamens 4-5, 
inserted with the petals and opposite them; anthers short, versatile. 
Disk fleshy. Ovary sessile, free from or immersed in the disk, 2-5- 
(often 3-) celled; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity, anatropous. Fruit 
often 3-celled. Seeds solitary in the cavities, erect; endosperm fleshy, 
rarely none; embryo large; cotyledons flat. 


Ovary free from the disk, fruit a drupe. 1, RHAMNUS. 
Ovary adnate to the disk at base, fruit dry. 2. CEANOTHUS. 


168 Frenp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V. 


1. RHAMNUS Linn. 


Shrubs or smail trees, with pinnately veined and (in our species) 
deciduous leaves, and small axillary cymose racemose or paniculate, 
perfect or polygamous flowers. Calyx-tube urceolate, its limb 4-5- 
toothed. Petals 4 or 5, mainly emarginate and hooded, or none. Disk 
free from the 3-4-celled ovary. Style 3-4-cleft. Drupe berry-like, 
containing 2-4 nutlet-like stones. Seeds mainly obovoid; endosperm 
fleshy. 


1. R.insulus Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad.2:20 (1863). 
R. insularis Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 392 (1887). 


Spineless shrub, or tree up to 6m. high with a trunk up to 3 dm. 
diameter. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, stiffish, evergreen 2-5 x 
1.5-3.5cm, abrupt or narrowing at the base, obtusish or pointed, 
mucronate, regularly but slightly serrate with minute papillate teeth, 
smooth above, slightly crispid on the larger veins more or less reticu- 
late-veined beneath. Inflorescence in dense or somewhat open clusters 
in the upper axils or scattered on the internodes; pedicels crisp-hairy, 
variable in length; calyx-tube about the length of the triangular, 
pointed lobes. Fruit obovate, blackish-red, always 2-seeded; pedun- 
cles about twice the length of the petioles. 

Very variable, no two collections among many, exactly alike. The island 
specimens differ greatly in leaf-size and somewhat in outline and pubescence 
quite evidently due to age, available moisture and season. They intergrade so 
completely that they cannot be considered as more than races of one species. 
None approaches either RK. crocea or R. illicifolia in important characters. 

Moister canyon slopes and bottoms common. February to May. Lyon; 
Trask (labelled R. crocea pyrifolia in Herb. N. Y.); Brandegee (R. crocea in 
Herb. Gray); Toumey (R. pyrifolia in Herb. N. Y.); Swain’s Canyon, Hall 
8270; Jepson 3042; Grant 3771 (Insular var. of R. ilicifolia=R. pyrifolia in 
Herb. N. Y., R. ilicifolia in Herb. U. S.); Rusby alt. 1800 feet (R. pyrifolia in 
Herb. N. Y.); Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6469 (R. catalinae in Herb. Gray 
and N. Y.); East End and Summit Road, Smith 5120, 5026; Avalon Valley, 
Millsp. 4772; Banning’s Canyon, Mountain above Big Wash Canyon, Beacon 
Str. Canyon and Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 331, 332, 726, 784, 12; Summit of 
Upper Road to Pebble Beach and in White’s Valley, Knopf 167, 51; Cape Can- 
yon, Millsp. 4672; Middle Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 655, Knopf 262, 370; Hamil- 
ton Canyon, Nuttall 229; Rock Spring Canyon, Knopf 368. ISLAND BUCK- 
THORN, WILD COFFEE. 


2. CEANOTHUS Linn. 


Shrubs, with petioled leaves and cymose panicles of small perfect 
Howers. Calyx-limb 5-lobed. Petals 5, hooded, clawed, longer than 
the calyx-lobes, inserted under the disk. Stamens 5; filaments fili- 
form, elongated. Ovary immersed in the disk and adnate to it at the 
base, 3-lobed. Disk adnate to the calyx. Style short, 3-cleft. Fruit 


dry, 3-lobed, separating at maturity into 3 nutlets. Seed-coat smooth; » 


endosperm fleshy; cotyledons oval or obovate. 


, 
L 
) 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILtspauGH & NUTTALL 169 


Inflorescence thrysoid, leaves large, pointed. 1. arboreus. 
Inflorescence clustered, leaves small, blunt: 
Sepals ovate, pointed; filaments ligulate. 2. crassifolius. 
Sepals oblong-ovate, blunt, filaments filiform. 3. megacarpus. 


i. C.arboreus Greene Bull. Cal. Acad.2:144 (1886). 


A small tree, 4.5-7.6m. high, trunk 1.5-2.5dm. in diameter, 
smooth, with a light-gray bark; branches soft-pubescent ; leaves ovate, 
acute, serrate, or often rather crenate, 5-10cm. long, green and 
puberulent above, whitish and soft-tomentose beneath: flowers pale 
blue or white in a compound raceme: fruit not crested. 

The largest known species, with more ample foliage than is found 
in any other; always tree-like in shape, with clean trunk and open but 
round head, like a well-kept orchard tree; in this particular most 
unlike any other Ceanothus. 

Moister canyon slopes. February to March. Lyon 2 (C. sorediatus) ; Trask 
(“It blooms, in wet seasons in January, and sometimes produces its black fruits 
twice a year. A white-flowered bush blooms white year after year”); Bran- 
degee; Grant 1588; Grant & Wheeler 148/6146; McClatchte; at the “Wish- 
bone”, Smith 5019, 5167; Millsp. 4531; Descanso Canyon, Millsp. 4608, Nuttall 
180, 181, 695; Pebble Beach Canyon, Nuttall 358, Knopf 18, 19, 330, 331; below 
base of Black Jack, Knopf 46, 127; Johnson’s Landing, Nuttall 905; Big Wash 
Canyon, Knopf 363; Banning’s Canyon, Jepson. 3062; LILAC, TREE MYRTLE. 


2. C.crassifolius Torr. Pac. R. R. Rept.4:75 (1857). 


Erect, 1-3m. high, the young branchlets white with a villous 
tomentum: leaves ovate-oblong, 12.7-20.6 mm. long, obtuse or retuse, 
more or less tomentose beneath, rarely entire and revolutely margined : 
petioles stout: flowers light blue or white, in dense very shortly 
peduncled clusters; sepals ovate, pointed, spreading; filaments 
ligulate. 

On the dry slopes of canyons. January to April. Avalon Canyon, 
Brandegee, McClatchie, Millsp. 4561; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 144; South 
End, Nuttall 264; White’s Landing, Millsp. 4590; Knopf 94; Cape Canyon, 
Millsp. 4670, 4675; Summit Trail, Smith 5031; Pacific Slope of the Salta Verde, 
Knopf 369. WHITE LILAC. 


3. C.megacarpus Nutt. N.A.Sylv.1:194 (1865). 
Ceanothus macrocarpus Nutt. in T. & Gr. Fl. N. A. 1:267 (1835) 
non Cav. 


Branchlets canescent with a rusty-colored pubescence; leaves 
alternate, rather crowded, sometimes a little fascicled in the axils, 
thick and coriaceous, obovate-cuneate, entire, often emarginate, glab- 
rous above, whitish and minutely tomentose-canescent beneath; 
flowers in lateral pedunculate nearly simple umbels, petals oblong- 
ovate, bluntish, inflexed; filaments filiform; fruit very large, with 
three projecting horn-like appendages at the summit. 

Dry canyon slopes. January to March. Trask; Brandegee, Hall 8271; 
Avalon Valley beyond Chicken Johnny’s; top of Mount Wilson; Swain’s Can- 


yon, Nuttall 140, 340, 631. Similar in general appearance, but not so common 
as the last. WHITE LILAC. 


170 ~6Fretp Museum oF Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


Family 2. VITACEZ. 
GRAPE FAMILY 


Climbing vines or erect shrubs, with copious watery sap, nodose 
joints, alternate petioled leaves, and small regular greenish perfect or 
polygamo-dicecious flowers in panicles, racemes or cymes. Calyx 
entire, or 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, separate or coherent, valvate, cadu- 
cous. Filaments subulate, inserted at the base of the disk or between 
its lobes; disk sometimes obsolete or wanting; anthers 2-celled. 
Ovary 1, generally immersed in the disk, 2-6-celled; ovules 1-2 in 
each cavity, ascending, anatropous.. Fruit a 1-6-celled berry (com- 
monly 2-celled). Seeds erect; testa bony; raphe generally distinct ; 
endosperm cartilaginous; embryo short. 


1, VITIS Linn. 


Woody vines, rarely shrubby, mostly with tendrils. Leaves 
simple, usually palmately lobed or dentate. Stipules. mainly small, 
caducous. Flowers mostly dicecious, or polygamo-dicecious, rarely 
perfect. Petals hypogynous or perigynous, coherent in a cap and 
deciduous without expanding. Disk annular or cup-shaped. Ovary 
2-celled, rarely 3-4-celled; style very short, conic; ovules 2 in each 
cavity. Berry globose or ovoid, few-seeded, pulpy, edible in most 
species. 


1. V.Girdiana Munson Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci. 1887: 59 (1887). 
Plate XIV, f. 1. 


Strong climbing vine with thick diaphragms; leaves 15 cm. broad 
or less, broadly cordate-ovate, with a rather deep and narrow sinus, 
obscurely 3-lobed, and with many small and acute teeth, closely ashy- 
tomentose beneath; flower clusters large, very compound; berries 
small, black, slightly glaucous; seeds pyriform. 

Near canyon streams. July. Rare. Found in two localities only. Mrs. 
Trask says: “In one canyon only, climbing over Populus.” This locality was 
re-discovered by Knopf (228), it is in Cottonwood Canyon about 200 feet up 
from the Coach Road crossing, the “Poplar” which it covers is now (1921) 
dead. (Mrs. Trask’s collection was in 1902.) Pebble Beach Canyon, right hand 
branch, covering an area of about 100x 200 feet, the largest vine 3 imches in 
diameter, Nuttall, Knopf 33, 177. Brandegee reports it as V. californica. WILD 
GRAPE. 


Order 13. MALVALES. 


Herbs, shrubs or trees, with simple, mostly alternate leaves. 
Flowers regular, usually perfect. Sepals separate, or more or less 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSpauGH & NUTTALL 171 


united, valvate. Petals separate, very rarely wanting.» Stamens 
usually numerous. Ovary superior, compound, the placente united 
in its axis. Disk inconspicuous or none. 


Family 1. MALVACEZ. 
MALLOW FAMILY 


Herbs or shrubs (sometimes trees in tropical regions), with alter- 
nate leaves. Stipules small, deciduous. Flowers regular, usually 
perfect, often large. Sepals 5 (rarely 3 or 4), more or less united, 
usually valvate; calyx often bracted at the base. Petals 5, hypogy- 
nous, convolute. Stamens «, hypogynous, forming a central column 
around the pistil, united with the bases of the petals; anthers 1-celled. 
Ovary several-celled; styles united below, distinct above and gen- 
erally projecting beyond the stamen-column, mostly as many as the 
cavities of the ovary. Fruit capsular (rarely a berry), several-celled, 
the carpels falling away entire or else loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds 
reniform, globose or obovoid; embryo curved; cotyledons large, 
plicate or conduplicate. 


Stigmas linear: 


Fruit axis exceeding the carpels. 1, LAvVATERA. 
Fruit axis shorter than the carpels. 2. Matva. 
Stigmas capitate or truncate. 3. MALVASTRUM. 


1. LAVATERA Linn. 


Involucel 3-6-cleft. Stamineal column divided above into 
numerous filaments. Styles filiform, stigmatic on the inner side. 
Fruit depressed; the several carpels separating from the prominent 
more or less dilated axis, indehiscent, 1-seeded; seed ascending. — 
Leaves angled or lobed; flowers axillary or in terminal racemes; our 
species stout and shrubby. 


Ang assurgentifiora Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1:14 (1854). Plate 
MEET G2 35 
‘Saviniona reticulata Greene, Leaflets 2:161 (1911). 


Tree, 18-45 dm. high, with slender flexuous branches, glabrous or 
sparingly stellate-pubescent: leaves cordate, angularly 5-7-lobed, 7.6- 
15.3cm. broad, on long petioles, the lobes acute, coarsely toothed or 
lobed: flowers I to 4 in the axils, on slender deflexed and curved 
pedicels: involucel persistent, 6.3mm. long, half the length of the 
campanulate densely pubescent calyx: petals purple, 2.6-3.8 cm. long, 
with a broad truncate limb and long narrow glabrous claws, having a 


172 Fretp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


pair of dense hairy tufts at base: stamineal column glabrous: styles 
exserted; fruit 12.7 mm. broad, the 6 to 8 carpels not beaked, some- 
what appressed-hairy, 4.2mm. or more in diameter, about equaling 
the low-conical summit of the axis. 


Arid situations. January to December. The only Catalina locality known 
for this species is Bird Rock,** whereon there are many individuals. Trask*, 
Brandegee, Millsp. 4631, Knopf 259. From here it has been transplanted to the 
Banning House grounds at the Isthmus (Millsp. 4631a) and to several places 
in Avalon. A fine clump grows at the junction of Crescent Avenue and Pebble 
Beach Road (Millsp. 4633, Nuttall 685), and another may be seen on the crest 
of the hill just back of Windle’s Printing Office. The species is not otherwise 
known except on Anacapa Island off the coast at Santa Barbara, the type local- 
ity. TREE MALLOW, MALVA ROSA, FLOWERING MAPLE. 

Dr. Greene (Leaflet 2:160) describes a number of species from various 
Californian coast and island localities, in each of which the plants are known 
to have been transplanted either from Anacapa or Bird Rock. Saviniona Webb. 
is not tenable. It is Olbia Medic. if distinct. 

As to the possibility of this species having been brought from Spain see 
Brandegee’s remarks Zoe Vol. 1, p. 133, 188; and Parish’s on p. 300. See also Dr. 
Greene’s remarks in Garden & Forest 3, p. 378; and Baker’s in Jour. Bot. 28, 
p. 210. 


2. MALVA Linn. 


Pubescent or glabrate herbs, with dentate lobed or dissected 
leaves, and axillary or terminal solitary or clustered flowers. Calyx 
5-cleft. Bractlets of the involucels 3 (rarely none). Petals 5. Cav- 
ities of the ovary several or numerous, 1-ovuled; style-branches of the 
same number, linear, stigmatic along the inner side. Carpels arranged 
in a circle, beakless, indehiscent. Seed ascending. 


1. M. parviflora Linn. Amoen. Acad.3:416 (1756). 


Widely branching 4.9-9.1dm. high; petioles and ascending 
branches stellate-hairy on the upper side, glabrous below; leaves 
roundish in outline, with a red spot at base of blade, shallowly 7-lobed, 
12.7cm. broad or less, on petioles twice as long as the blade; flowers 
in rather close axillary clusters; bractlets linear; corolla pinkish with 
notched petals, 5.3mm. long, slightly longer than the calyx; calyx 
commonly spreading under or about the mature fruit; carpels about 
11, glabrous, sharply rugose-reticulate and pubescent on the back, the 
margin winged and denticulate. 


Waste places and valley bottoms. January to August. In moist, shady 
places we have seen it fully 6 feet high. Trask (as M. pusilla); Brandegee 
(as M. borealis); Avalon, Carlson, Millsp. 4770; Isthmus, Macbride & Payson 
868, Millsp. 4626, 4831. This was one of the four species of plants growing on 
Bird Rock in 1920. CHEESES. 


*Mrs. Trask remarks on this species in Erythea Vol. 7, p. 140. See also 
Brandegee, Zoe 1 :100. 

**T yon says (Bot. Gaz. 11:204): “Bird Island, a rugged, rocky islet not 
two miles distant (from Catalina), carries it in some profusion.” This islet 
has had no vegetation upon it within the memory of the oldest local fishermen. 
Lyon must have intended to refer to Bird Rock, not a quarter mile out from 
Fisherman’s Cove at the Isthmus. 


FrLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 173 


3. MALVASTRUM Gray. 


Herbs, with entire cordate or divided leaves, and solitary or race- 
mose, short-pedicelled perfect flowers. Calyx 5-cleft. Bractlets of 
the involucels small, 1-3 or none. Cavities of the ovary 5-0, I-ovuled. 
Style-branches of the same number, stigmatic at the summit only, 
forming capitate stigmas; carpels indehiscent or imperfectly 2-valved, 
falling away from the axis at maturity, their apices pointed or beaked. 
Seed ascending. 


1. M. fasciculatum (Nutt.) Greene, Fl. Francisc. 108 (1891). 
Malva fasciculata Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. 1:225 (1838). 
Malvastrum Thurberi Gray Pl. Thurb. 307. (1854). 


Stems 1-3 m. high, with the woody base often 2.6cm. or more 
thick: pubescence stellate, all very short and close, almost scurfy: 
leaves roundish, mostly subcordate, crenate, obscurely 3-5-lobed or 
some 3-cleft, 2.6 or 5cm. in diameter, some larger: flowers in sessile 
or short-peduncled clusters, spicately or sometimes paniculately dis- 
posed on virgate nearly naked branches, “fragrant’*; calyx-lobes 
broadly ovate, obtuse and with or without a short point: petals about 
12-13 mm. long, rose-purple: carpels obovate-oval. 

Open dry fields and in arroyas. January to May. In the Catalina specimens 
the stellate pubescence is greatly varied as to density; often scattered or almost 
wanting on the upper surface of the leaves. At the Isthmus, Lyon & Nevin, 
Lyon, Trask, Millsp. 4621; Avalon Valley, Eastwood 6442, Smith 5000, Nuttall 


122, Brandegee; Cape Canyon, tree-like, 3 m. high, trunk 10 cm. in diameter, 
Millsp. 4671; White’s Landing, Millsp. 4585, Knopf 145. TREE MALLOW. 


Order 14. HYPERICALES. 


Herbs, shrubs, or some tropical types trees, the flowers mostly 
complete, perfect and regular (irregular in Violacee). Sepals dis- 
tinct, or more or less united, imbricated or convolute. Petals almost 
always present and distinct. Stamens usually numerous. Ovary 
compound, superior (inferior in Loasacez) ; placentz mostly parietal. 


Sepals distinct : 


Flowers irregular, ovules anatropous. I. WIOLACEAE. 
Flowers regular, ovules orthotropous. 2. CISTACEAE. 
Sepals united. 3. FRANKENIACEAE. 


Family 1. VIOLACEZ. 
VIOLET FAMILY 


Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees, with basal or alternate, simple, 
lobed or entire stipulate leaves and solitary or clustered, perfect, 
mostly irregular flowers. Sepals 5. Petals 5, hypogynous, imbricated 


*The fragrance is that of fenugreek and often very pronounced.—C. F. M. 


174 Firectp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


in the bud, the lower one larger or with a posterior spur. Stamens 
5; anthers erect, connivent or syngenesious. Ovary simple, 1-celled, 
with 3 parietal placente. Fruit usually a loculicidal capsule. Seeds 
anatropous. , 


1. VIOLA Linn. 


Acaulescent and scapose or leafy-stemmed herbs, the flowers 
solitary or rarely 2; early flowers petaliferous, often sterile, usually 
succeeded by apetalous or cleistogamous flowers which are abundantly 
fertile. Petals spreading, the lowermost one spurred or saccate; sta- 
mens 5, the two inferior ones spurred. Capsule 3-valved, elastically 
dehiscent. 


1. V.pedunculata T.& Gr. Fl. N.A.1:141 (1838). 


Stems 5-15 cm. long, prostrate or ascending, puberulent or near- 
ly glabrous; leaves rhombic-cordate, usually almost truncate at the 
broad base, obtuse, coarsely crenate; stipules foliaceous, narrowly 
lanceolate, entire or incised; peduncles erect, much exceeding the 
leaves, 10-20cm. long; conspicuously bibracteolate; flowers 2 cm. 
broad or more, yellow, the upper petal dark brown without, the others 
purple-veined within, the lateral ones bearded. 


Moister grassy slopes of low altitudes. February to May. Avalon, slope 
above Lover’s Cove, Trask, Brandegee, Miilsp. 4636, Nuttall 118, Knopf 71; 
north slope of ridge between Rock Spring and Rock Falls Canyon, Millsp. 
4711; ridge at head of Descanso Canyon, Moxley 749. YELLOW VIOLET, 
YELLOW PANSY, CALIFORNIA VIOLET. 


Family 2. CISTACEZ. 
ROCK-ROSE FAMILY 


Shrubs or low woody herbs, with simple leaves, and solitary race- 
mose or paniculate flowers. Flowers regular, generally perfect. 
Sepals 3-5, persistent, when 5 the 2 exterior ones smaller, the 3 inner 
convolute. Petals 5 or 3, or wanting, fugacious or persistent. Stamens 
co, hypogynous. Ovary 1, sessile, 1-several-celled ; ovules orthotropous, 
stalked ; style simple. Capsule dehiscent by valves. Seeds several or 
numerous ; embryo slender; endosperm starchy or fleshy. 


1. CROCANTHEMUM Spach. 


Woody herbs or low shrubs, more or less branching, with showy 
yellow flowers, and with other much smaller apetalous cleistogamous 
ones. Petals in the larger flowers large, fugacious, the stamens 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILuspauGH & NUTTALL 175 


numerous. Placentze or false septa 3. Ovules 2 on each placenta; 
style short; stigma capitate or 3-lobed; capsule I-celled; seeds with 
long funicles; embryo curved. 


1. C.scoparium (Nutt.) Millsp: comb. nov. 
Helianthemum scoparium Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. 1:152 (1838). 


Stems tufted, slender, somewhat woody below, sparsely stellate- 
pubescent, 2.5-3.5dm. high; leaves few, narrowly linear, 8-20 mm. 
long; flowers on slender pedicels, solitary or cymose at the ends of 
the branches; sepals 6mm. long, acuminate, the 2 outer linear and 
much shorter; petals 6-8 mm. long; stamens about 20; capsule equal- 
ing the calyx. 


Dry hillsides and ridges. February to April. Lyon; Brandegee list; only 
known to us from one locality: a dry plateau about half way up to the Pacific 
Ridge south of Avalon, Millsp. 4656, Nuttall 154. ROCK ROSE. 


Family 3. FRANKENIACEZ. 
FRANKENIA FAMILY 


Sepals 5, united in a furrowed tube, persistent, equal. Petals 
alternate with the sepals, hypogynous, unguiculate, with appendages at 
the base of the limb. Stamens hypogynous, either equal in number 
to the petals and alternate with them, or having a tendency to double 
the number; anthers roundish, versatile. Ovary tI-celled with 2-3 
parietal placente: styles 2-3, filiform, united for a considerable part 
of their length. Capsule I-celled, enclosed in the calyx, 2-3- or 
4-valved, many-seeded. Seeds attached to the margins of the valves, 
very minute, anatropous. Embryo straight, erect in the midst of 
albumen. — Herbaceous plants or under-shrubs. Stems very much 
branched. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, with a membranous sheathing 
base, often revolute at the edge. Flowers sessile in the divisions of 
the branches, and terminal, embosomed in leaves, usually pink. 


1. FRANKENIA Linn. 


Styles 3, united below, stigmatose along the inner surface. Cap- 
sule loculicidal, many-seeded. 


1. F. grandiflora C. & S. Linnezar:35 (1826). 


Leaves obovate-cuneiform, mucronulate, with revolute margins, 
rather coriaceous, very minutely hairy and ciliate particularly at the 
base; stems prostrate; branches and calyx minutely hairy. 


176 Fretp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vor. V. 


Sea shores and borders of saline ponds. May to August. Brandegee; 
Catalina Harbor, Lyon, Trask, Millsp. 4788, Nuttall 1216; Little Harbor, Nuttall 
762; Pebble Beach, Pendleton 1350, Nuttall 597. FRANKENIA. 


Order 15. LOASALES. 


Herbs, often armed with hooked stinging or viscid hairs, with 
estipulate leaves, and regular perfect white, yellow or reddish flowers. 
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb 4-5-lobed, persistent. Petals 
4 or 5, inserted on the throat of the calyx. Stamens o, inserted with 
ithe petals; filaments filiform, commonly arranged in clusters opposite 
the petals; anthers introrse. Ovary I-celled (rarely 2-3-celled), with 
2-3 parietal placente; ovules anatropous. Capsule usually 1-celled, 
crowned with the calyx-limb. Seeds mostly numerous; endosperm 


scanty. 


Family 1. LOASACEZ. 
LOASA FAMILY 


Characters of the order. 


1. ACROLASIA Presl. 


Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, short clawed inserted on the 
calyx. Stamens 10, fertile; filaments filiform, free, the exterior 5 
longest; anthers subglobose. Ovary cylindrical; style filiform, trig- 
onous 3-fid at the base; stigma obtuse. Capsule cylindrical, crowned 
by the calyx, 1-celled, 3-valved at apex, oligospermons; seeds 5-6, 
angular, rugose. Most species are small-flowered and have linear, 
lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, laciniate, dentate or more rarely entire, 
sessile leaves. 


Leaves broadly lanceclate, sepals lanceo-subulate. I, micrantha. 
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, sepals subulate. 2. gracilenta. 
Leaves cordate-ovate, sepals ovate-triangular. 3. catalinensis. 


1. A. micrantha (T. & Gr.) Rydb. Bull. Torr. Club. 30:278 (1903). 
Mentzelia micrantha T. & Gr. Fl. 1:535 (1840). 


Hispid throughout with short hairs; stem erect, dichotomous, 
whitish; leaves ovate, acuminate, cuneate at the base, sessile, sinuate- 
pinnatifid; flowers glomerate, shorter than the floral leaf, ebracteo- 
late; petals 5, ovate, exceeding the calyx-segments; stamens 15-20; 
five of the filaments petaloid and emarginate at the apex; capsules 
oblong-cylindrical, 3-seeded, 3-valved at the summit; style slightly 
spirally twisted. 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 177 


Dry rocky cliff detritus, June. Brandegee, list; Trask; vicinity of Avalon, 
Hall 8286, Smith 5054, Nuttall 267; Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6478. 


2. A. gracilenta (T.& Gr.) Rydb. idem. 
Mentszelia gracilenta T. & Gr. ibid. 534. 


Stem pubescent; leaves lanceolate-linear, sessile, muricate-scab- 
rous, pinnatifid, the lobes short, obtuse, mostly entire; bracteoles at 
the base of the calyx pinnatifid; flowers clustered at the summit of 
the stem; petals cuneiform-obovate, obuse or retuse, more than twice 
the length of the ovate-lanceolate calyx-segments ; filaments numerous 
(40 or more), filiform-subulate; ovary obconic; ovules 20 or more. 


Dry situations. March to May. So far collected only by Mrs. Trask: 
“One locality with only a few plants, 1-6 inches high, with bright yellow 
flowers,” distributed as MM. affiis. 


3. A.catalinensis Millsp. sp. nov. 


Herba annua, celsa, caule pallens, ramis superioribus bifurcata, 
ramorum axillis extremitatisque foliata; partibus terminalibus pilis 
rectis, rigidis, vitreis, articulatis.et circum articulos barbatis vestita ; 
internodis perspicuis. Folia principalia sessilia, ovata, cordata, acuta, 
ea ad basim ramorum amplexicaulia; margine hic illic late crenata; 
folia terminalia conferta, in jugis, cordata, petiolata, petiolis laminas 
plerumque zquantibus; inflorescentia solitaria, sessili, in foliorum 
axillis. Calyx elongato-tubuliformis, triangulatis, dentibus, 5, 
triangulatis, hebetibus, pilis acicularibus basi bullatis; petalis flavis, 
triangulato-ovatis, hebetibus, quam calyce circum duplo longioribus ; 
filamentis staminum longiorum circum duplo longioribus quam 
antheris; stigmate compresso-clavato; seminibus triangulatis. 


Dry talus of the high “break off” along Pebble Beach Road near Avalon. 
July 2, 19090. RK. L. Pendleton 1363. Type in herb. Field. 


Order 16. CACTALES. 


Fleshy plants, with continuous or jointed stems, mostly leafless, 
or with small leaves, generally abundantly spiny, the spines developed 
from cushions of hairs or bristles (areolae). Flowers mostly solitary 
and sessile, perfect, regular, showy. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, 
its limb many-lobed. Petals numerous, imbricated in several rows, 
mostly distinct. Stamens numerous, inserted on the throat of the 
calyx. Filaments filiform; anthers small. Ovary tI-celled; ovules 
numerous, anatropous, borne on several parietal plaente. Styles 
terminal, elongated; stigmas numerous. Fruit a berry, mostly fleshy, 
sometimes dry. Seeds smooth, or tubercled, the testa usually crus- 
taceous or bony ; endosperm little, or copious. 


178 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


Family 1. CACTACEZ:.* 
CACTUS FAMILY 


Characters of the order. 


Areoles with glochids, flowers rotate. 1, OPUNTIA. 
Areoles without glochids, flowers tubular. 2. BERGEROCACTUS. 


1. OPUNTIA Mill. 


Succulent plants, with jointed branching stems, the joints flat, 
or cylindric, and small, mostly subulate, deciduous leaves, the areolx 
usually spine-bearing. Flowers usually lateral. Calyx-tube not pro- 
longed beyond the ovary, its lobes spreading. Petals numerous, 
slightly united at the base. Stamens very numerous. Ovary cylindric, 
exserted; style cylindric, longer than the stamens; stigma 2-7-rayed. 
Berry globose to obovoid, often spiny. 


Joints all terete. 1. prolifera. 
Joints flat or compressed: 
Spines brown, fruit purple. 2. occidentalis. 
Spines yellow, fruit yellow. 3. megacantha. 


1. O.prolifera Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. 2,14: 338 (1852). 


Stems 1-2 m. high, fhe trunk and old branches terete and woody ; 
terminal joints 3-12 cm. long, easily breaking off, fleshy, covered with 
short, more or less turgid tubercles; spines 6 to 12, brown, 10-12 mm. 
long; glochids pale; flowers small; sepals orbicular, obtuse, dark red; 
petals red; filaments yellow; style stout; stigma-lobes red; ovary 
Tcm. long, strongly tuberculate ; upper areoles bearing 2 to 6 reddish 
spines or the joints naked throughout ; fruit proliferous, 3-3.5 cm. 
long and often without seeds; seeds if ‘present, large, regular, 6 mm. 
broad. 

Dry ridges. July to August. Only known from ridges between Middle 
Ranch and Little Harbor, where it is plentiful in a number of localities. Mys. 
Trask; Eastwood saw it, but did not collect a specimen; Brandegee list; on 


ridges between Middle Ranch and Cottonwood Canyon and between Cotton- 
wood Canyon and Little Harbor, Nuttall 764, 765, Knopf ror. CHOLLA. 


2. O.occidentalis Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am. Acad. f 291 (1856). 

Opuntia Lindheimeri occidentalis Coult. Pati U. S. Nat. Herb. 

3:421 (1896). 

Erect or spreading, often 1m. high or more, forming large 
thickets; joints large, obovate to oblong, 2-3dm. long; areoles 
remote; spines 2-7, stout, unequal, the longest ones 4-5 cm. long, 
more or less flattened, brown or nearly white, sometimes wanting; 
shorter spines often white; glochids often prominent, brown; flowers 

Heed ’ 

*Specific determinations by J. N. Rose. 


FiLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLspauGH & NuTTALL 179 


yellow, large, including the ovary often 10-11 cm. long; fruit large, 
purple. 

Open arid slopes and ridges everywhere. June to September. Lyon; 
Trask; Brandegee (all.as Opuntia Engelmanmi littoralis); Rusby; Smith 4976; 
Miller; Millsp. 4468, 4525. TUNA, PRICKLY PEAR. ‘ 

The deep-purple fruits are eaten raw (after first carefully removing the 
beard-like clusters of glochids by peeling) ; or used like gombo, in soups. The 


” 


ripe “pears” also make a delicious fruit pudding. 


3.. O. megacantha Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 363 (1834). Plate VIII, 
Fi, 


Plant tall 4-5 m. high or more, with a more or less definite woody 
trunk; joints of large plants obovate to oblong, often oblique, some- 
times 40-60 cm. long or more, but in greenhouse specimens often much 
smaller, pale dull green, slightly glaucous; leaves minute, often only 
3mm. long, green or purplish; areoles rather small, on large joints 
often 4-5cm. apart, when young bearing brown wool; spines white, 
usually 1-5, slightly spreading, sometimes nearly porrect, usually only 
2-3 cm. long, sometimes few and confined to the upper areoles; glo- 
chids few, yellow, caducous, sometimes appearing again on old joints : 
flowers yellow to orange, about 8cm. broad; ovary spiny or spineless, 
obovoid ; fruit yellow, 7-8 cm. long. 

Dry exposed ridges. July to September. Becoming established in many 
localities on the island, Millsp. 4523, especially on Descanso and Hamilton Can- 
yon slopes. It is readily distinguished by its large, yellow fruits. Mr. Knopf 
remarks that the first plants were transplanted by Mr. Banning at about the 


time the Eucalyptus trees were sct out along the Coach Road. YELLOW 
TUNAS. 


2. BERGEROCACTUS Britton & Rose. 


Low, much branched cactus, with stout, cylindric, spreading or 
ascending branches; ribs many, low; areoles approximate; spines 
many, yellow, acicular; flower small, pale yellow, with short tube and 
widely expanded limb; scales on ovary and flower-tube small, bearing 
felt and spines in their axils; perianth-segments small, obtuse; fruit 
globose, densely spiny; seeds obovate. 


1. B. Emoryi (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 
12:474 (erratum) (1909). Plate XIII, f. 2. 
Cereus Emoryi Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. 2, 14:338 (1852). 


Branches 2-6 dm. long, 3-6cm. in diameter, entirely covered with 
the dense spiny armament; ribs 20- -25, very low, only a few milli- 
meters high, somewhat tuberculate ; spines 10-30, yellow to yellowish 
brown, acicular, 1-4cm. long; flowers about 2cm. long and about as 
broad when expanded ; outer perianth-segments obovate, obtuse; 
inner perianth-segments oblong, about 1 cm. long. 


180 Fietp Museum or NaturaAr History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


Hanging over cliffs. July to September. Mrs. Trask says: “On two sea 
cliffs”; Brandegee list; near the Isthmus, Pendleton 1424, Reed 2796. SNAKE 
CACTUS. Shore Catalina Harbor near Ballast Point, Knopf. 

Mrs. Trask says the Mexicans use the plant as an antifebrile (Erythea 


7:145). 


Order 17. MYRTALES. 


Herbs, shrubs or trees, unarmed, sometimes aquatic or amphi- 
bious. Leaves alternate or opposite. Flowers regular or irregular, 
complete, and often showy, or reduced to a stamen and pistil adnate 
to the hypanthium. Hypanthium merely enclosing the ovary or 
adnate to it. Stamens few or many. Anthers opening by slits, valves 
or pores. Stigma terminating the style, or sessile. Fruit capsular or 
baccate, or resembling an achene. 


Family \1. ONAGRACEZ. 
EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY 


Herbs, or rarely shrubs, with alternate or opposite leaves, no 
stipules or mere glands in their places, and generally perfect flowers. 
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 2-6-lobed (usually 4-lobed). 
Petals 2-9 (usually 4), convolute in the bud, rarely none. Stamens 
usually as many or twice as many as the petals. Ovary 1-6-celled 
(usually 4-celled) ; styles united; stigma capitate, discoid or 4-lobed; 
ovules generally anatropous. Fruit a capsule or small nut. Endosperm 
very little or none. 


Seeds comose: 


Flowers showy, scarlet. 1, ZAUSCHNERIA. 
Flowers small, white or roseate. 2. EpmLospium. 
Seeds naked: 
Anthers attached at or near their base. 3. GODETIA. 
Anthers versatile: 
Stigma 4-lobed. 4. SPHAEROSTIGMA. 
Stigma capitate. 5. EvuLosus. 


1. ZAUSCHNERIA Presl. 


Flowers in loose spikes terminating the branches, large, erect- 
spreading, with short foliaceous bracts; caylx and petals bright red. 
Tube of the calyx much produced beyond the ovary, from which it 
finally separates by an articulation, colored, infundibuliform, globose- 
inflated at the base; the segments spreading, much shorter than the 
tube. Petals 4, obcordate, or rather deeply 2-cleft, rather longer than 
the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 8, slightly exserted ; the alternate ones 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspAuGH & NUTTALL 181 


a little shorter: filaments filiform: anthers linear-oblong, fixed by the 
middle. Ovary 4-celled: style filiform, erect exserted: stigma capi- 
tate, 4-lobed. Capsule linear, short, 4-sided, imperfectly 4-celled, 
4-valved. Seeds numerous, with a coma or tuft of long hairs at 
the chalaza. 


i. Z. californica Presl. Rel. Haenk.2:28 (1835). 


More or less villous and often tomentose, much branched, the 
ascending or decumbent stems 3.3-6.8dm. long: leaves narrowly 
lanceolate to ovate, 12.7mm.-3.8cm. long, acute, entire or denticu- 
late: flowers 2-3.2 cm. long above the ovary; the calyx-lobes 8.4 mm. 
long: capsule attenuate to the slender base, 12.7-20.6 mm. long, some- 
times shortly pedicellate. 

The Catalina plants vary greatly in leaf size and pubescence, thus 
including var. microphylla and Greene’s Z. cana, but never with the 
ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaves of the inland Californian species— 
latifolia. The variation, however, is quite evidently due to whether 
the plants grow in the dry open; with sheltering grasses; or where 
there is more or less permanent moisture; they must, therefore, be 
simply races of one species. Those flowers having villous calyx lobes 
are the last few of the blooming period. 

Common on dry slopes and in canyon bottoms. June to November. Lyon; 
Brandegee; Trask; Grant 1394; Eastwood 6452; Macbride & Payson 861; 


Nuttall 546, 660, 787, 792, 800, 837, 844, 1125, 1158, Knopf 157. BALSAM- 
MEA. Used as a vulnerary for fresh or old wounds and sores. 


2. EPILOBIUM Linn. 


Herbs, or sometimes shrubby plants, with alternate or opposite 
leaves, and solitary, spicate or racemose flowers. Calyx-tube pro- 
longed beyond the ovary, the limb 4-parted, deciduous. Petals 4, often 
notched. Stamens 8; stigma club-shaped or 4-lobed. Capsule nar- _ 
tow, elongated, 4-sided, loculicidally dehiscent by 4 valves. Seeds 
with a tuft of hairs (coma) at the summit. 


1. E.holosericeum Trelease, Rev. Epilob.gt (1891). 


Rather woody, loosely branched, at least the upper leaves and 
branches canescent with subappressed hairs; leaves 50 mm. long, 
rather remote and smaller on the flowering branches, oblong-lanceo- 
late, obtuse or exceptionally acute, undulately low-serrulate, nar- 
rowed or abruptly contracted and then cuneately narrowed into 
short petioles ; flowers produced in long succession along the elong- 
ated branches, erect, pale, barely 5 mm. long; fruiting peduncles 
about 10mm. long and equalling the leaves; seeds short-beaked, 
very finely papillate, 4 x I mm.; coma white or somewhat dingy. 


182 Frerp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vo t. V. 


Canyon bottoms near more or less permanent water. July to August. 
Trask; “Canyons of Santa Catalina” McClatchie; right fork of Big Wash Can- 
yon and in water of Middle Ranch Creek near Eagle’s Nest, Nuttall 850. WIL- 
LOW HERB. 


3. GODETIA Spach. 


Annuals, simple or branched, erect; leaves alternate, denticul- 
ate or entire; flowers mostly showy, in usually leafy racemes or 
spikes. Calyx-tube above the ovary obconic or shortly funnelform, 
deciduous ; lobes reflexed. Petals 4, broad and sessile, entire or em- 
arginate or very rarely 2-lobed, lilac-purple or rose-colored. Stam- 
ens 8, unequal, the filaments opposite to the petals shortest ; anthers 
perfect, oblong, attached at the base and erect or arcuate. Ovary 
4-celled, many-ovuled; style filiform; stigma-lobes short, linear or 
roundish. Capsule ovate to linear, 4-sided, somewhat coriaceous, 
loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds ascending or horizontal, in I or 2 
rows, obliquely angled, the upper surface with a thin tuberculate 
margin. 


Flower buds erect, flowers purplish. 1. quadrivulnera. 
Flower buds nodding, flowers cream. 2. epilobioides. 


1.. G, quadrivulnera Spach. Hist. Veg. Phan. 4:398 (1835). 


Puberulent, ovary and capsule more or less villous; stem 
usually very slender, 3.3-6.8 dm. high; leaves linear to linear-lance- 
olate, sessile or attenuate to a short petiole, entire or slightly den- 
ticulate, 2.6-5.1cm. long; calyx-tubes obconic, 4.2 (rarely 6) mm. 
long; petals deep purple or purplish, 6.3-12.7 mm. long; stigma- 
lobes short, purple; capsules 10.5-30 mm. long, usually short, at- 
tenuate at the apex, 2-costate at the alternate angles. 

In moist places, June to July. Lyon; Trask (as G. tenella); Brandegee 
(as G. Bottae); near the summit of the Equestrian Trail and on the banks of 
the creek in Middle Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 239, 302; Rock Spring Canyon and 
along upper road to Pebble Beach, Knopf 106, 170. Jepson (Univ. Calif. Publ. 
2:340) makes four varieties and three forms in this species which on Catalina 
yields no two specimens exactly alike in minute characters or color. 


2. G.epilobioides Wats. Proc. Am. Acad.8:599 (1873). 


Tomentosely puberulent, erect, 3.3-9.1 dm. high; leaves linear 
to linear-lanceolate, entire or sparingly denticulate, 2.6-5.1 cm. long, 
petioled ; calyx-tube 2.1-4.2 mm. long; petals light purple or rose- 
color, 6.3-12.9 mm. long; stigma-lobes short; capsules acuminate, 
attenuate to a short pedicel or rarely nearly sessile, 12.7-28.9 mm. 
long. 

Moister canyon slopes. May to June. Vicinity of Avalon, Trask (as G. 
tenella); Brandegee; Coach Road, Pebble Beach Road, Rock Spring Canyon, 


Smith 5014, 5065, 5105; Descanso Canyon, Moxley 741; Piedra Escalera Canyon, 
Nuttall 687; northeast slope of Black Jack on ridge to Echo Lake, Knopf 96. 


FLora OF SANTA CaTaLina [sLanD—MILtspauGH & NuTTALL 183 


4. SPHZEROSTIGMA F. & M. 


Annual or perennial herbs with erect branching or spreading 
stems, the bark often exfoliating and shiny. Leaves alternate, entire 
or dentate, petioled or sessile. Flowers solitary in the axils or in ter- 
minal spikes, usually yellow, rarely white or rose color, often with a 
brownish spot at the base, turning green or reddish in age. Stamens 
8; anthers versatile, oblong. Style filiform; stigma capitate. Ovary 
4-celled, usually linear, 4-angled, often contorted, membranous, ses- 
sile, dehiscent loculicidally. Seeds in 1 row in each cell. 


Petals 8 mm. or more long. 1. bistortum. 
Petals 3 mm. or less long. 2. micranthum. 


1. §. bistortum (Nutt.) Walp. Rep.2:77 (1843). 
Oenothera bistorta Nutt. T.& Gr. Fl.r:508 (1840). 


Somewhat hirsute, stems decumbent, much branched from the 
base; radical leaves spatulate-linear, petioled; cauline ones lanceol- 
ate, mostly sessile, acute or acuminate, sharply denticulate; flowers 
(rather large) axillary; tube of the calyx infundibuliform, rather 
shorter than the segments; petals broadly obovate, entire, more 
than twice the length of the longer stamens; anthers oblong, fixed 
near the middle; style longer than the stamens; stigma large and 
thick; capsules acutely quadrangular, attenuate at the summit, 
somewhat pubescent or hirsute, spirally contorted or coiled. 


Dry open places. May to June. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee list; field along 
the upper road to Pebble Beach, Nuttall 112.5 EVENING PRIMROSE. 


2. §.micranthum (Hornem.) Walp. idem. 
Oenothera micrantha Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 2:84 18109). 


Hirsute ; stems ascending, flexuous ; leaves linear-oblong, acute- 
ly denticulate, rather obtuse; the radical ones spatulate, petioled; 
lowers (very small) axillary; calyx hirsute; the tube obconic, 
about half the length of the linear-oblong segments; petals obovate, 
twice the length of the longer stamens; anthers roundish; capsules 
elongated, slender, acutely quadrangular, acute, hirsute with spread- 
ing hairs, much contorted. 

Open dry or grassy places. March to May. Lyon; Brandegee list; Avalon 
Valley, Smith 4997, Nuttall 136; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 33; Pebble Beach 
and Gallagher’s Canyon, Millsp. 4866, 4885. EVENING PRIMROSE, TWIST 
POD. 


5. EULOBUS Nutt. 


A rather large virgately branched annual herb, with fistulous 
stems. Leaves scattered; the lower ones oblong, unequally pin- 
nately lobed; the upper linear, nearly sessile, few denticulate. Flow- 
ers (rather large) axillary along the virgate branches; petals white 


184 Fiecrp Museum or Natura History-—-Botany, Vor. V. 


changing to red, evanescent. Tube of the calyx scarcely produced 
beyond the ovary; limb 4-parted reflexed; the very short campanul- 
ate base invested with a thickened disk. Petals 4, rhombic-obovate. 
Stamens 8, inserted into the margin of the disk, shorter than the 
petals, the alternate ones much shorter; filaments filiform; anthers 
oblong, fixed below the middle, at length versatile; those of the 
shorter stamens roundish and much smaller, fixed by the middle. 
Ovary linear-filiform, 4-celled; style somewhat exceeding the longer 
stamens; stigma rather large, capitate. Capsule linear, very long 
and narrow, 4-sided, nearly sessile, straight, refracted, imperfectly 
4-celled; the dissepiments very thin and narrow, adherent to the 
valves. Seeds very numerous, obovate-oblong, naked, erect. 


1. E.californicus Nutt. T.& Gr. Fl.1:515 (1840). 


Stem (about 6.8dm. high) and branches thick, glabrous, with 
few scattered leaves. Calyx-segments lanceolate-linear; the ex- 
tremely short tube lined with an orange-red disk. Petals about 12.7 
mm. long, rather obtuse. Capsules 7.0cm. or more in length, very 
narrow, obtusely quadrangular, strongly refracted ; the valves some- 
what membranaceous. 

Open dry ridges and rocky slopes, rare. May to June. Brandegee lists; 


Trask, “in two localities only,” one of which is Avalon Valley; open ridge 
leading from White’s Landing to Echo Lake, Knopf 147. 


| Eucalyptus sps. 


Several species of Eucalyptus have been planted upon the island, 
principally in Avalon and its vicinity. The trees appear to have 
become well established in growth, but so far as we have observed, 
there is no indication of any of these species becoming naturalized 
through seedlings. | 


Order 18. AMMIALES. 


Herbs, shrubs or trees, almost always with petaliferous flowers. 
Calyx-segments and petals usually 5. Stamens 4 or 5. Ovary inferior, 
adnate to the calyx, compound; ovules 1 in each cavity. 


Family 1. AMMIACEZ. 
(UMBELLIFERZ..) 
CARROT FAMILY 


Elerbs, with alternate compound or sometimes simple leaves, 


the petioles often dilated at the base. Stipules none, or rarely pres- 
ent and minute. Flowers small, generally in compound or simple 
umbels, rarely in heads or capitate clusters, often polygamous. Um- 
bels and umbellets commonly involucrate or involucellate. Calyx- 


ee 


ae ~ == - 
i arn 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MitispaucH & NuttTaty 185 


tube adnate to the ovary, its margin truncate or 5-toothed, the 
teeth seldom conspicuous. Petals 5, inserted on the margin of the 
calyx, usually with an inflexed tip, often emarginate or 2-lobed, 
those of the outer flowers sometimes larger than those of the inner. 
Stamens 5, inserted on the epigynous disk; filaments filiform; anthers 
versatile. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; styles 2, filiform, persist- 
ent, often borne on a conic or depressed stylopodium; ovules I in 
each cavity, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit dry, composed of 2 car- 
pels (mericarps), which generally separate from each other at ma- 
turity along the plane of their contiguous faces (the commissure). 
Fruit either flattened laterally (at right angles to the commissure), 
or dorsally (parallel to the commissure), or nearly terete (not flat- 
tened). Carpels after parting from each other supported on the sum- 
mit of a slender axis (the carpophore), each with 5 primary ribs in 
their pericarps (rarely ribless), and in some genera with 4 additional 
secondary ones, the ribs or some of them often winged. Pericarp 
membranous or corky-thickened, usually containing oil-tubes be- 
tween the ribs, or under the ribs and on the commissural sides, 
sometimes irregularly scattered, sometimes none. Seeds I in each 
carpel, usually adnate to the pericarp; seed-coat thin; endosperm 
cartilaginous; embryo small, placed near the hilum; cotyledons 
ovate, oblong or linear. 


Fruits covered with hooked bristles. t. SANICULA. 
Fruits with bristles on ribs only: 
Bristles barbed at tip. 2. Daucus. 
Bristles hooked. 3. CAUCALIS. 


Fruits not bristly: 
Oil tubes distinct: 


Stylopodium conical. j 4. ForENICULUM. 
Stylopodium flat or wanting. 5. APIASTRUM. 
Oil tubes obscure or obsolete. 6. Bow testa. 


1. SANICULA Linn. 


Smooth perennials, with nearly naked stems; leaves palmately 
divided, the lobes more or less pinnatifid or incised; flowers uni- 
sexual, in irregularly compound few-rayed umbels, involucrate with 
sessile leafy usually toothed bracts, the bracts of the involucels 
small and entire. Calyx-teeth somewhat foliaceous, persistent. Fruit 
subglobose or obovoid, densely covered with hooked prickles or 
tuberculate; ribs obsolete; oil-tubes numerous. Seeds hemispher- 
ical. 


Fruits pediceled or stipitate. 1. Menziesii. 
Fruits sessile. 2. laciniata. 


186 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vou. V. 


1. §S. Menziesii H. & A. Bot Beech. 142 (1841). 


Stem solitary, erect, 3.3-8.4 dm. high, branching; leaves round- 
ed-cordate, 5.1-7.6cm. broad, very deeply 3-5-lobed; the broad lobes 
sharply toothed or somewhat cleft and the teeth tipped with slender 
bristles ; upper leaves more narrowly lobed and laciniateiy toothed ; 
umbels of 3 or 4 slender rays; involucre often small, of 2 or 3 narrow 
leaflets, the involucels of 6 to 8 lanceolate entire bracts 2-4.2 mm. 
long; sterile flowers nearly sessile; fruit 4 to 8 in each head, becom- 
ing distinctly pedicellate and divergent, obovate, 2mm. long or more, 
covered with hooked prickles. 

Gravelly banks. March to May. On the banks of the arroya of Rock 


Spring Canyon, Trask, Millsp. 4891, Nuttall 249, 322; Rock Falls and Middle 
Ranch Canyons, Nuttall 351, 500. SANICLE. 


2. §.laciniata H. & A. Bot. Beech. 347 (1841). 


With the habit of S. Menziesii; leaves-cordate or triangular, 3- 


parted, the divisions laciniately 1-2-pinnatifid and the segments lac- 
iniately toothed; the teeth spinosely pointed; flowers yellow; ma- 
ture heads small, globose; the numerous fruit naked at base, hooked- 
bristly above. 


All situations, common. January to May. Dall & Baker; Trask; Brand- 
egee; Moxley 689 (as S. bipinnatifida); Maillsp. 4535, 4841, Nuttall 110, 1079, 
1153, 1212; Knopf 5, 15, 85, 122. 


2. DAUCUS Linn. 


Annual or biennial, setosely hispid; leaves pinnately decom- 
pound with very small segments; involucral bracts foliaceous and 
divided, those of the involucels entire or 3-lobed; outer rays of the 
umbels often longest and connivent over the inner ones in fruit; 
flowers mostly white. Calyx 5-toothed. Disk and stylopodium most- 
ly small and depressed. Fruit ovate or oblong, the carpels semiter- 
ete or somewhat dorsally flattened ; primary ribs filiform and bristly, 
the intermediate more prominent and winged with a row of more 
or less united barbed prickles; oil-tubes solitary under the wings. 
Seed flat on the face or nearly so. 


1. D. pusillus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am.1:164 (1820). 


Annual or biennial, erect, 3-7 dm. high, retrorsely hispid ; leaves 
bipinnate,, the segments pinnatifid, with short, narrowly linear 
lobes; rays 4.2-12.7mm. long, nearly equal; involucre bipinnatifid, 
as long as the small umbel; involucels equalling the yellowish flow- 
ers; fruit 1-4.2mm. long, shortly pedicellate, the prickles usually 
equalling or exceeding the width of the body; seed somewhat con- 
cave on the face. 


Open, exposed, dry situations. April to June. Brandegee; Grant 2376; 


OT eS 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 187 


Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 1372, Smith 5051, Beckwith 6; Avalon Valley, 
Smith 4980, Nuttall 496; Golf Links Canyon and Silver Canyon, Nuttall 80, 497; , 
Descanso Canyon, Moxley 752. WILD CARROT, YERBA DEL VIBORA. It 
is considered a certain remedy for the bite of the rattlesnake. A poultice of 
the fresh leaves is applied to the wound with perfect confidence, by both the 
Mexicans and American residents of the island. 


3. CAUCALIS Linn. 


Annuals, mostly hispid; leaves dissected; umbels few-rayed, 
often opposite the leaves or sessile; flowers white or purplish. Calyx- 
teeth prominent. Stylopodium thick and conical. Fruit as in Dau- 
cus, but somewhat more laterally compressed, and the seed involute 
or deeply channelled. 


1. C.microcarpa H.& A. Bot. Beech. 348 (1841). 


Erect, slender, 15-28 cm. high, nearly glabrous; leaves much dis- 
sected, slightly hispid; umbels apparently sessile at the ends of the 
stem and branches, subtended by 2 or more foliaceous dissected 
bracts, 3-6-rayed ; rays slender, 2.6-7.6cm. long; umbellets few-flow- 
ered, with unequal pedicels; involucels of short entire bracts, rarely 
more foliaceous and divided; fruit oblong-oval, 4.2mm. long, armed 
with rows of hooked prickles; seed deeply channelled. 

Dry or even stony situations. April to May. Lyon; Brandegee list; Des- 
canso Canyon, Mosley 751. RATTLESNAKE WEED. Much confidence is 


placed in this herb as a remedy for rattlesnake bites when applied as noted 
under Daucus pusillus. > 


4. FQCENICULUM Adans. 


Erect glabrous herbs, with pinnately decompound leaves, the 
segments linear or capillary, and compound umbels of yellow flow- 
ers. Involucre and involucels none. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Stylopo- 
dium large, conic. Fruit linear-oblong, glabrous, terete, or nearly 
so. Carpels half-terete, dorsally flattened, prominently ribbed; oil-. 
tubes solitary in the intervals. Seed-face flat, or slightly concave. 


1. F. Foeniculum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl.837 (1882). 
Anethum Foeniculum Linn. Sp. Pl. 263 (1753). 


Foeniculum vulgare Gaertn. Fr.& Sem.1:105 (1788). 


Perennial, 6-12dm. high. Leaves dissected into capillary seg- 
ments; petioles broad, clasping; umbels large, 9-25-rayed, the rays 
rather stout, somewhat glaucous, 2-8cm. long in fruit; pedicels 2-8 
mm. long; fruit about 6 mm. long. 

Moist waste places. July to December. Masses of this adventive weed 
grow in small gulches near Avalon (Millsp. 4473; Nuttall 707); Howland’s 
(Knopf 251) and at Johnson’s Landing (Nuttall). FENNEL. 


As this species does not appear in the earlier collections from the island, it 
must have “come in” since about I9gI0. 


188 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vov. V. 


5. APIASTRUM Nutt. 


A smooth slender branching Californian annual; leaves dis- 
sected, with linear segments; umbels sessile, naked, few-rayed, in 
the forks or opposite to the leaves; flowers small, white. Calyx- 
teeth obsolete. Petals ovate, concave, obtuse. Stylopodium depressed ; 
styles short. Fruit cordate in ouline, laterally compressed with a 
narrow commissure; carpels incurved when mature, with 5 often 
_ obscure rugulose ribs; oil-tubes broad and solitary in the intervals, 
and a narrow one under each rib. Seed concave and somewhat in- 
curved longitudinally. Carpophore 2-parted, rigid. 


1. A.angustifolium Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl.1:644 (1840). 


Herb 22-44cm. high; branches somewhat dichotomous; leaves 
2.6-5.1 cm. long, biternately or triternately divided, with linear or 
nearly filiform segments; umbels and umbellets very unequally 3-4- 
rayed, the slender pedicels at length spinosely pointed with the 
persistent carpophore; fruit I mm. long, somewhat broader, variable 
in the curvature of the carpels and in the prominence of the ribs, 
which are sometimes nine, the primary and intermediate ones being. 
nearly equally developed. 

In sandy situations. March to April. Mrs. Trask says the plant is “com- 
mon,” but the only specimens we have seen are Grant’s 2374, and Knopf 376 
from the hillside above Moonstone Beach. 

& 


6. BOWLESIA R. & P. 


Slender herbs, with scattered stellate pubescence; leaves oppo- 
site, simple, with scarious and lacerate stipules; flowers white, 
minute, in simple few-flowered umbels on axillary peduncles. Calyx- 
teeth rather prominent. Petals elliptical, obtusish. Fruit broadly 
ovate in outline, with a narrow commissure, turgid, becoming de- 
pressed on the back, without ribs or oil-tubes. Seed flat on the 
face, slightly hollowed on the back, not filling the calyx. 


1. B.septentrionalis C. & R. Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 7:31 (1900). 


Annual, weak and slender, thinly pubescent, the stems dichoto- 
mously branched, 3.3-6.8dm. or more long; leaves thin, reniform to 
cordate, I-4 cm. broad, shorter than the slender petioles, deeply 5- 
lobed, the acutish lobes entire or 1-2-toothed; peduncles much short- 
er than the petioles; the umbels 1-4-flowered; fruit 1 mm. long, ses- 
sile or nearly so, pubescent, the inflated calyx not adherent to the 
carpels, which are at first but partially occupied by the seed. 

Moist, shady situations in narrow gulches. April to June. Brandegee list 


(as B. lobata); Cherry Valley, in dense shade of trees, Millsp. 4806; in a 
“notch” at the sharp bend of the Equestrian Trail about half way up, Nuttall 505. 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—-MiLispaucH & NutTaLt 189 


Family 2. CORNACEZ. 
DOGWOOD FAMILY 


Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with simple and entire mainly 
opposite leaves, no stipules, and flowers in cymes (or capitate 
clusters) or spikes; the valvate petals and stamens 4 and epigynous 
in fertile flowers (the former sometimes wanting) ; calyx adnate to 
the 1-2-celled ovary, which becomes a 1-2-seeded drupe or berry in 
fruit. Seed suspended, anatropous, with a minute embryo in hard 
albumen. 


1. SVIDA Opiz. 


Shrubs or perennial herbs, rarely arborescent; leaves opposite, 
entire; flowers small, in dichotomous cymes, white, yellowish or 
greenish. Flowers perfect. Calyx minutely 4-toothed. Petals 4, ob- 
long or ovate, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4, with slender filaments. 
Style slender; stigma capitate or truncate. Drupe ovoid or oblong, 
with a 2-celled 2-seeded stone. Cotyledons foliaceous. 


r. §.catalinensis Millsp.sp.nov. Plate X,f. 1. 


Frutex arborve circ. 6m. alta, caule 1.5-20cm. crasso; ramis 
rubropurpureis, arcuatis vel etiam ad terram descendentibus 
ac demum profuse radicantibus, non pubescentibus nisi partibus 
nascentibus puberulentia levi subtili adpressaque vestitis. Petioli 
4-5 mm. longi, laminis ovato-lanceolatis, 3.5 5 cm. longis x 1.5 3 cm. 
centize permoderate adpresso-puberulentz, floribus paucis effects, 
_latis, integris, apice obtusis, basi ad petiolum angustatis. Inflores- 
2.5-3cm. late; pedunculis circ. 2cm., pedicellis 2.5mm.; floribus 
ochroleucis, 9 mm. latis; calvcis tubulo I mm., dentibus calcarioideis 
0.5 mm.; petalis 4, lanceolatis, carnosis, acutis, recurvatis; stigmate 
subcapitato. Fructus plumbeo-coloratus; centro ligneo paene glo- 
boso. 

In more or less permanent water in canyon bottoms. May to June. Only 
three localities discovered. Polley; Trask; “in a short canyon east of Avalon,” 
Davidson (as Cornus pubescens californica); “a single tree in Banning’s Can- 
yon”, Jepson 3046; like a weeping willow, “in pools of standing water many ' 


branches droop straight down and strike root like a Banyan Tree”, Hamilton 
Canyon, Knopf 37, 125. CATALINA DOGWOOD. 


Order 19. ERICALES. 


Flowers complete, regular. Calyx toothed, lobed, or divided, 
inferior, except in Vacciniaceae. Corolla mainly gamopetalous. 
Stamens free from the corolla, or adnate only to its base (except 
in Diapensia and Pyxidanthera of the Diapensiacee), as many as 


190 1eLp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vor. V. 


its lobes and alternate with them, or twice as many. Ovary com- 
pound. 


Family 1. ERICACEAE. 
HEATH FAMILY 


Shrubs, perennial herbs, or trees, with simple estipulate leaves, 
and mostly perfect flowers. Calyx free from the ovary, 4-5-parted or 
4-5-cleft, mostly persistent. Corolla regular, or rarely somewhat 2- 
lipped, usually 4-5-toothed, -lobed or -parted. Stamens hypogynous, 
usually as many or twice as many as the corolla-lobes, teeth or petals ; 
anthers 2-celled, attached to the filaments by the back or base, the 
sacs often prolonged upwardly into tubes. Ovary 2-5-celled; stigma 
peltate or capitate; ovules usually numerous, anatropous. Fruit a 
capsule, berry or drupe. Seeds usually numerous and minute, or 
sometimes only I in each cavity; endosperm fleshy; embryo central; 
cotyledons short ; radicle terete. 


Drupe papillose or warty, fleshy. 1. COMAROSTAPHYLIS. 
Drupe smooth, not fleshy: 
Leaf blades "revolute, filaments filiform. 2. XyYLococcus. 
Leaf blades flat, filaments much dilated. 3. Uva-UrRs1. 


1. COMAROSTAPHYLIS Zucc. 


Shrubs with erect, diffuse, or prostrate stems. Leaves alternate, 
persistent, usually numerous; blades narrow or sometimes broad, 
coriaceous, often revolute, entire or toothed, petioled. Flowers few 
or numerous, in terminal solitary or clustered raceme-like panicles. 
Calyx persistent; lobes 5, or rarely 4, much longer than the tube, 
spreading or reflexed at maturity. Corolla cylindric-urceolate, ovoid- 
urceolate, or globular-urceolate; lobes 5, or rarely 4, broad and 
short, mostly recurved. Stamens 10, or rarely 8, included; filaments 
short, dilated near the base, unappendaged, pubescent; anthers 
broad, each sac with a slender awn. Ovary 5-celled, or rarely 4- 
celled, seated in a disk, depressed or ovoid, glabrous or pubescent; 
style columnar, often somewhat elongate; stigma minute, some- 
times slightly dilated. Drupe globular, fleshy, the pericarp papillose 
or warty, the 5 (or fewer by abortion) nutlets, united into a round 
stone. 


Leaf blades entire, obscurely pale-pubescent below. 1. polifolia. 
Leaf blades toothed, cinerous-tomentulose below. 2. diversifolia. 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 191 


1. C.polifolia (HBK) Zucc. Klotzsch, Linnea 24:77 (1851). 
Arctostaphylos polifolia HBK Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:277. (1819). 


A shrub with glabrous, or sparingly pubescent or puberulent 
twigs; leaf-blades linear, varying to slightly broadest above or below 
the middle, thick, 2-4.5cm. long, acute or slightly spinescent at 
the apex, glabrous, at least ultimately so, and often shining above, 
pale and glabrous beneath, or with persistent scattered hairs, or 
puberulent, entire, revolute, short-petioled; panicles rather loosely 
flowered, the rachis and pedicels glabrous or with scattered hairs; 
calyx 5-5.5 mm. wide, the lobes ovate, usually broadly so, acute or 
acutish, glabrous or merely ciliolate; corolla 8-9 mm. long; stamens 
about 3mm. long, the filaments villous; ovary pubescent; drupes 
5-6 mm. in diameter. 


The only record that we have of this is: Swain’s Canyon, Jepson 3064. 


2. C. diversifolia (Parry) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2:406 (1887). 

Arctostaphylos diversifolia Parry, A. Gr. Syn. Fl. N. A. ed. 2 

1: 397 (1886). 

A shrub with canescent-tomentulose twigs; leaf-blades elliptic 
or oval, varying to slightly broadest above or below the middle, 2-9 
cm. long, obtuse or acutish, obscurely serrate-dentate, more or less 
revolute, finely reticulate, ultimately glabrous and somewaht shin- 
ing above, cinereous-tomentulose beneath, short-petioled; panicles 
loosely flowered, the rachis and pedicels cinereous-tomentulose ; calyx 
6.5-8 mm. wide, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, cinereous-tomentu- 
lose; corolla 5-7mm. long; stamens 2.5-3.5 mm. long, the filaments 
villous below the middle; ovary pubescent; drupes globular, about 
4mm. in diameter. 


; Canyon sides near the bottoms. April to May. “Three trees from 4-5 m. 
high, in but one canyon”—Trask; Brandegee (in herb. Gray). MANZANITA. 


2. XYLOCOCCUS Nutt. 


Shrubs with erect densely branched stems. Leaves alternate, 
persistent; blades broad, entire, revolute, short-petioled. Flowers 
few in terminal unbranched panicles with stout rachis and pedicels, 
the bracts scale-like. Calyx persistent; lobes 5, or rarely 4, very 
broad, much longer than the tube, reflexed at maturity. Corolla 
oblong-urceolate; lobes 5, or rarely 4, very small, spreading or re- 
curved. Stamens 10, or rarely 8, included; fiilaments elongate, * 
dilated near the base, unappendaged, pubescent; anthers broad, oval 
or ovoid, each sac with a slender awn. Ovary ovoid, 5-celled or 
rarely 4-celled, seated in a disk, pubescent; style elongate; stigma 
minute. Drupe dry, with a smooth pericarp and a thin pulp, the 
woody nutlets united into a solid stone. 


192. Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vot. V. 


1. X. bicolor Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2,8:259 (1843). 
Arctostaphylos bicolor A. Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 7:366 (1868). 


A shrub densely branched above, with cinereous-tomentulose 
twigs; leaf-blades ovate or oval, often apparently narrowly so on 
account of the revolute margins, obtuse or acutish, 2-6cm. long, 
entire, ultimately veiny and glabrous or nearly so above, more or 
less tomentose beneath, narrowed or rounded at the base, short- 
petioled; panicles short, recurved, densely few-flowered, the rachis 
and pedicels tomentulose; calyx about 5mm. wide, the lobes ren- 
iform or ovate-reniform, obtuse, tomentulose; corolla 8-9 mm. long, 
white or pink, sometimes rose-colored, the lobes minute; stam- 
ens 5-6 mm. long, the filaments very slender above the dilated base, 
villous, the anthers nearly 2mm. long; drupes globular, 6-8 mm. in 
diameter, often purplish-red. 


Dry, exposed situations. April. It occurs “frequently beyond the Isthmus 
where it grows from 2.4-4 m, high”—Trask; Lyon, “Sometimes reaching a 
height of 4m.”; Brandegee. “Thin soil of a rocky, exposed point, forming a 
dense patch some 3m. in diameter. Bushes about 12.2 dm. high,’Grant 6758. 


3. UVA—URSI Mill. 


Low spreading or erect shrubs or small trees, with exfoliating 
bark, on trunks and old branches often polished and reddish-brown. 
Leaves alternate, petioled or sessile, firm or coriaceous, evergreen, 
often similar on both surfaces and vertical by a twist of'the petiole. 
Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, small, nodding on slender 
pedicels bracteolate at base, and borne in the axils of persistent or 
deciduous bracts. Calyx 5-parted, the oblong to orbicular lobes per- 
sistent. Corolla urceolate to oblong-campanulate, 5-lobed, the lobes 
short, rounded, recurved, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 10, in- 
cluded; filaments dilated and usually hairy at base; anthers erect, 
short, introrse, with 2 recurved dorsal awns; pollen-sacs opening 
by a terminal pore. Disk 10-lobed. Ovary 4-10-celled ; ovules solitary 
in the cavity; style slender. Drupe with 4-10 seed-like nutlets, ir- 
regularly separable or united into a solid stone; pericarp thin or 
often with a granular pulp. | 


Terminal parts cinereous with a fine tomentum. I. pungens. 
Terminal parts setose-hispid to glandular-villous. 2. tomentosa. 


1. U-U. pungens (HBK) Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:432 . 
(1910). 
Arctostaphylos pungens HBK. Nov. Gen. et. Sp. 3:278 (1819). 


An erect shrub, branching from the base, I-3m. high, with 
smooth reddish-brown bark and branchlets more or less cinereous 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 193 


with a fine tomentum ; leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate or obovate to 
oblanceolate, 15-30 mm. long, usually less than 15 mm. wide, min- 
utely grayish-tomentose when young, becoming dull-green or more 
or less shining; flowers in short spike-like racemes, the racemes 
. simple or with I or 2 short branches; bracts triangular, 3 mm. long, 
tomentose throughout; pedicels 5-7 mm. long, glabrous; calyx-lobes 
rounded, 1.5mm. long, glabrous; corolla 7mm. long; ovary glab- 
rous; fruit depressed-globose, 5-8 mm. broad, smooth, chestnut- 
brown; nutlets separable or irregularly coalescent, carinate and 
prominently corrugately wrinkled. 


Dry canyon slopes. April to May. Reported by Brandegee who includes 
under this species A. insularis Greene, which we judge to be a race of the next 
species. We have not been able to find a Catalina specimen of this species in 
any herbarium, nor have our collectors found it on the island. 


2. U-U. tomentosa (Pursh.) Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6:433 
(1910). 
Arbutus tomentosa Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. 1:282 (1814). 
Arctostaphylos tomentosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21, pl. 1791 = (1836). 
Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. 3, 1:82 (1897). 


An erect branching shrub, forming a low compact rounded bush 
a meter or more high, or sometimes arborescent and 3-4 m. high; bark 
smooth, bright or dark reddish-brown; young branchlets more or less 
tomentose and often setose-hispid or glandular-villous; leaf-blades 
petioled, broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, mostly more than 25 mm. 
long, varying from rather dark-green and nearly glabrous to densely ~ 
canescent or glandular-pubescent at least toward the base; flowers in 
open or crowded panicles; bracts usually more or less foliaceous, often 
longer than the pedicels, persistent; pedicels variously pubescent or 
sometimes glabrate; calyx-lobes ovate to orbicular, nearly or quite 
glabrous, more or less ciliate on the margins; corolla white to rose- 
colored, 6-7 mm. long; filaments densely bearded at the base to nearly 
glabrous; ovary densely tomentose and more or less glandular to 
almost naked; fruit depressed-globose, 6-8 mm. broad, light yellowish- 
brown to deep chestnut-brown, glabrous, more or less tomentose or 
glandular; nutlets irregularly coalescent, acutely carinate. 


Canyon slopes and ridges. December to May. Lyon; Trask (A. glandulosa 
of Eastwood) ; Brandegee list; central ridge of Banning’s Canyon, Nuttall 334; 
ridge between Black Jack and Echo Lake, trees up to 3 m. high, Knopf 272. 
MANZANITA. 


Order 20. PRIMULALES. 


Herbs, shrubs or trees. Corolla usually present, gamopetalous. 
Calyx mostly free from the ovary. Stamens borne on the corolla, as 
many as its lobes, or twice as many, or more. 


194 Frerp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vor. V. 


Family 1. PRIMULACEZ. 
PRIMROSE FAMILY 


Herbs, with perfect regular flowers. Calyx free from the ovary 
(adnate to its lower part in Samolus), usually 5-parted, persistent or 
rarely deciduous. Corolla gamopetalous in our species, usually 5-cleft, 
deciduous. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and opposite them, 
hypogynous or rarely perigynous, inserted on the corolla; filaments 
distinct or connate at the base; anthers introrse, 2-celled, the sacs 
longitudinally dehiscent. Disk obsolete, or none. Ovary superior 
(partly inferior in Samolus), 1-celled; placenta central, free; ovules 
anatropous, or amphitropous; style 1; stigma simple, mostly capitate, 
entire. Capsule I-celled, 2-6-valved, rarely circumscissile or inde- 
hiscent. Seeds few or several, the testa adherent to the fleshy or 
horny copious endosperm; embryo small, straight; cotyledons obtuse. 


Flowers axillary, stems leafy. 1. ANAGALLIS. 
Flowers scapose, leaves basal. 2. DopECATHEON. 


1. ANAGALLIS Linn. 


Herbs, with opposite or verticillate (rarely alternate) sessile or 
short-petioled leaves, entire or nearly so, and small axillary peduncled 
flowers. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes lanceolate or subulate, persistent. 
Corolla deeply 5-parted, rotate, the segments entire or erose, convolute 
in the bud, longer than the calyx. Stamens 5; filaments puberulent, 
or pubescent, distinct, or united into a narrow ring at the base; 
anthers oblong, obtuse. Ovary globose; ovules numerous; stigma 
obtuse. Capsule globose, circumscissile, many seeded. Seeds minute, 
flat on the back. 


1. A.arvensis Linn. Sp. Pl.148 (1753). 


Annual, diffuse; branches: 1-3 dm. long, 4-sided. Leaves ovate or 
oval, membranous, sessile or somewhat clasping, 6-20 mm. long, black- 
dotted beneath; peduncles filiform, 1-4.cm. long, recurved in fruit; 
calyx-lobes keeled, slightly shorter than the crenate glandular-ciliate 
corolla-segments; flowers scarlet, sometimes white, usually with a 
darker center, 4-6 mm. broad, opening only in bright weather; capsule 
glabrous, about 4mm. in diameter. 


Moist, rich soil of gulches. January to June. The flowers always rich 
salmon- pink. Brandegee; ditches of Coach Road, Smith 5078; Schoolhouse 
Ridge, Nuttall 5; in shade, moist heavy soil of Avaion Run, Millsp. 4510, 4659; 
Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 110. PIMPERNEL, POOR MAN’S WEATHER 
GLASS. 


Lora oF SANTA CaTALina IsLanD—MIi.ispaucH & NUTTALL 195 


2. DODECATHEON Linn. 


Glabrous scapose perennial herbs, with basal leaves. Flowers in 
involucrate umbels terminating scapes. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, per- 
sistent, the lobes at first reflexed. Corolla 5-parted, the lobes reflexed, 
imbricated, the tube very short, thickened at the throat. Stamens 5, 
on the throat of the corolla; filaments short, flat, monadelphous, con- 
nivent into a cone, exserted; anthers linear or lanceolate, connivent, 
attached by their bases to the filaments. Ovary superior; ovules am- 
phitropous ; style exserted ; stigma simple. Capsule oblong or cylindric, 
erect, 5-6-valved at the apex or splitting to the base. Seeds numerous, 
minute; the testa punctate. 


Leaves erose, papillate margined. 1. Clevelandi. 
Leaves entire, hyaline margined. 2. Hendersoni. 


1. D.Clevelandi Greene, Pitton.1:213 (1888). 


Pale green and glandular, 3-6 dm. high; roots formed at the begin- 
ning of the dry season and remaining dormant, no tubers formed: 
leaves scarcely fleshy, ascending or erect, spatulate-obovate, the mar- 
gins erose; corolla bright purple with a yellow base; filaments purple, 
becoming yellow at the base of the anthers; anthers purple except the 
midvein, about twice the length of the staminal tube, the apex blunt, 
retuse ; capsule oblong, circumscissile at the top. 

Moister canyon slopes and even dry ridges, abundant. February to May. 
Hamilton Canyon, Moxley 750; eastern slope of Avalon Canyon, Millsp. 4557; 


Reservoir Hill, Nuttall 1028; upper road to Pebble Beach, Knopf 104. SHOOT- 
ING STAR. ° 


2. D.Hendersoni Gray, Bot. Gaz. 11:233 (1886). 


Leaves broad and short with a hyaline margin, entire. Capsule 
chartaceous, at last nearly twice the length of the calyx, cylindraceous- 
oblong, becoming urceolate as the placenta enlarges and the open 
summit broadens: the short, more or less hemispherical apex becomes 
more distinctly circumscribed than in other species, and at length falls 
away (with the style) as a lid, and the truncate orifice seems indisposed 
to split up at all into valves. 

Moister canyon slopes and ridges. April to May. Mr. Brandegee reports 
this species under D. Meadia and includes D. Jeffreyi. We have been unable 


to turn up a specimen from Catalina in any herbarium and have not seen it 
on the island, 


Order 21. GENTIANALES. 


Herbs, shrubs, vines or trees. Leaves opposite, or rarely alter- 
nate. Flowers regular. Corolla gamopetalous, rarely polypetalous, 
nerved, wanting in Forestiera of the Oleaceae. Stamens mostly borne 
on the lower part of the corolla when this is present, as many as its 


196 Fretp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


lobes or fewer and alternate with them. Ovaries 2, distinct, or 1 with 
2 cavities (rarely more), or 2 placentae. 


Stigmas distinct, juice not milky. 1. GENTIANACEAE, 
Stigmas united, juice milky: 
Styles united, stamens distinct. 2. APOCYNACEAE. 
Styles distinct, stamens united. 3. ASCLEPIADACEAE. 


Family 1. GENTIANACEZ. 
GENTIAN FAMILY 


Bitter mostly glabrous herbs, with opposite (rarely verticillate) 
estipulate entire leaves, reduced to scales in Leiphaimos, and regular 
perfect flowers in clusters, or solitary at the ends of the stems or 
branches. Calyx inferior, persistent, 4-12-lobed, toothed or -divided 
(of 2 sepals in Obolaria), the lobes imbricated or not meeting in the 
bud. Corolla gamopetalous, often marcescent, 4-12-lobed or -parted. 
Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla, alternate with them, 
inserted on the tube or throat; anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. 
Disk none, or inconspicuous. Ovary superior in our genera, I-celled or 
partly 2-celled ; ovules numerous, anatropous or amphitropous; stigma 


entire, or 2-lobed, or 2-cleft. Capsule mostly dehiscent by 2 valves. - 


Endosperm fleshy, copious; embryo small, terete or conic. 


1. CENTAURIUM Hill. 


Herbs mostly annual or biennial, with sessile or amplexicaul! 
leaves, and pink, white or yellow flowers in cymes or spikes. Calyx 
tubular, 5-4-lobed or -divided, the lobes or segments narrow, keeled. 
Corolla salverform, 5-4-lobed, the lobes spreading, contorted, con- 
volute in the bud. Stamens 5 or 4, inserted on the corolla tube; 
filaments short-filiform: anthers becoming spirally twisted. Ovary 
1-celled, the placentae sometimes intruded; style filiform; ‘stigma 
2-lobed. Capsule 2-valved. Seed-coat reticulated. 


1. C.venustum (Gray) Rob. Proc. Am. Acad. 45:397 (1910). 
Erythraea venusta Gray, Bot. Calif.1:479 (1876). 


Herb 2-3 dm. high, simple and cymosely several-flowered at sum- 
mit, or corymbosely branched: leaves from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 
rather obtuse (12.7-20 mm. long): calyx-lobes very narrow down to 
the base: corolla deep and bright pink with a yellow centre; the lobes 
oval and obtuse, becoming oblong, 8.4-12.7 mm. in length: filaments 
rather longer than the oblong-linear anthers. 


Fora OF SANTA CaTaLINa IsLAND—MuILispaucH & NuTTALL 107 


In grass in canyons and rigdes. May to June. Lyon; Brandegee; Trask; 
Coach Road near Summit, Simtth 5077; Rock Spring Canyon, Smith 5099; Pebble 
Beach and Grand Canyons, Nuttall 185, 609. CANCHALAGUA., 

A decoction of the root is used, by the Mexicans, as a tonic. 


| Erythreea trichantha Griseb. Dr. Gray says (Bot. Calif. 2:464) : 


“Santa Catalina, Dr. Schumacher,’ Parish remarks (Zoe 5 :116) 
“Subsequent collectors there have not found it. There is no specimen 
from Schumacher, or any Santa Catalina specimen, in the Gray Her- 
barium and the authenticated range of the plant does not indicate its 
presence on the island.” Our collectors have not seen it, nor can we 
find a Catalina specimen in any herbarium]. 


Family 2. APOCYNACEZ. 
DOGBANE FAMILY 


Perennial herbs, shrubs, vines, or some tropical genera trees, 
mostly with an acrid milky juice, with simple estipulate leaves, and 
perfect regular 5-parted flowers. Calyx inferior, persistent, the lobes 
imbricated in the bud. Corolla gamopetalous, its lobes convolute in 
the bud and often twisted. Stamens as many as the lobes of 
the corolla, alternate with them, inserted on the tube or throat; 
anthers 2-celled; pollen-grains simple. Ovary superior, or its base 
adherent to the calyx, of 2 distinct carpels, or I-celled, with 2 parietal 
placente, or 2-celled; ovules anatropous or amphitropous. Style 
simple, or 2-divided; stigma simple. Fruit usually of 2 follicles or 
drupes. Seeds often appendaged ; endosperm fleshy ; embryo straight ; 
radicle terete, usually shorter than the cotyledons. 


1. VINCA Linn. 


Herbs, some species slightly woody, with opposite leaves and 
— large solitary axillary flowers. Calyx 5-parted, the segments acuminate. 
Corolla salverform, the tube pubescent within, the lobes oblique. 
Stamens included. Disk of 2 glands, alternate with the 2 carpels. 
Ovules several in each carpel; style filiform; stigma annular, its apex 
penicillate. Follicles 2, cylindric, several-seeded. Seeds oblong-cylin- 
dric, truncate at each end. 


1. V.minor Linn. Sp. Pl. 209 (1753). 


Perennial, trailing, glabrous; stems 1.5-6dm. long. Leaves oblong 
to ovate, entire, firm, shining, green both sides, narrowed at the base, 
short-petioled, 2-6 cm. long; flowers blue, 1.8-3 cm. broad; peduncles 
I-4cm. long; calyx-segments subulate-lanceolate, glabrous; corolla- 


198 Frecp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vou. V. 


tube expanded above, as long as or slightly longer than the obovate, 
nearly truncate lobes; anther-sacs with a broad connective. 


Escaped from gardens to grassy situations near Avalon, Millsp., Nuttall 
801; and at Cherry Valley and Howland’s. PERIWINKLE, GROUND MYR- 
TLE. 


Family 3. ASCLEPIADACEZ. 
MILKWEED FAMILY 


Perennial herbs, vines or shrubs, mostly with milky juice, with 
estipulate leaves, and cymose or umbellate, perfect regular flowers. 
Calyx inferior, its tube very short, or none, its segments imbricated 
or separate in the bud. Corolla campanulate, urceolate, rotate or fun- 
nelform, 5-lobed or 5-cleft, the segments commonly reflexed. A 
5-lobed or 5-parted crown (corona) between the corolla and the 
stamens and adnate to one or the other. Stamens 5, inserted on the 
corolla; filaments short, stout, mostly monadelphous, or distinct; 
anthers attached by their bases to the filaments, introrsely 2-celled, 
connivent around the stigma, or more or less united with each other; 
anther-sacs tipped with an inflexed or erect scarious membrane, or 
unappendaged at the top, sometimes appendaged at the base; pollen 
coherent into waxy or granular masses, one or rarely two such masses 
in each sac, connected with the stigma in pairs or fours, by 5 glandular 
corpuscles alternate with the anthers. Disk none. Ovary of 2 carpels; 
styles 2, short, connected at the summit by the peltate discoid stigma ; 
ovules numerous in each carpel, mostly anatropous, pendulous. Fruit 
of 2 follicles. Seeds compressed, usually appendaged by a long coma; 
endosperm cartilaginous; embryo nearly as long as the seed; cotyle- 
dons flat. 


1. PHILIBERTIA HBK. 


Perennial herbaceous or shrubby twining plants, with opposite 
petiolate leaves and dull-colored fragrant flowers: peduncles umbel- 
lately several-many-flowered. Calyx minutely 5-glandular within. 
Corolla open-campanulate or (in our species) rotate and deeply 5-cleft 
or -parted; lobes commonly ciliate, narrowly overlapping. Crown 
double, the outer a membranous ring adnate to the base of the corolla, 
the inner of 5 fleshy or hood-like scales adnate to the base of the 
stamineal column. Stigma flat or umbonate or with a short 2-cleft 
beak. Follicles rather thick, smooth, acuminate. 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILtispauGu & NUTTALL 199 


1. P.hirtella (Gray) Parish, Muhl.3:120 (1907). 
Sarcostemma heterophyllum hirtellum Gray, Bot. Calif. 1:478 
(1876). 
Philibertia linearis hirtella Gray, Syn. Fl. 2:88 (1878). 


Slender, low twining or when young erect; cinereous-pubescent 
throughout with short spreading hairs. Leaves narrowly linear, acute 
or nearly so at both ends, short-petioled (2.6 cm. long) ; peduncle ex- 
ceeding the leaves, 8-10-flowered ; corolla yellowish, purplish or whitish, 
8.4 mm. long; sepals slender ; calyx-lobes ovate ; crowns contiguous. 

Festooning rocks. May. Mrs. Trask says: “In one locality it covers a 


great rock which, falling from an overhanging cliff, has nearly filled the narrow 
arroyo.” This is the only knowledge we have of this plant on Catalina. 


Order 22. POLEMONIALES. 


Mostly herbs; rarely shrubs or trees. Corolla almost always 
gamopetalous, regular or irregular. Stamens adnate to the corolla- 
tube usually tothe middle or beyond, as many as the corolla-lobes, or 
fewer and alternate with them. Ovary I, superior, compound (in 
Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae deeply 4-lobed around the style). 


Stamens 5: 
Gynoecium of 2 distinct carpels 1. DiIcHONDRACEAE 
Gynoecium of partially or wholly united carpels: 
Fruit capsular or baccate, ovary not 4-lobed: 
Styles of stigmas distinct: 
Ovary 2-celled: 
Leaves normal, plants not parasitic 2. CONVOLVULACEAE 


Leaves none, plants parasitic 3. CUSCUTACEAE 
Ovary 1-celled 4. HypRoPHYLLACEAE 
Ovary 3-celled 5. POLEMONIACEAE. 

Styles or stigmas wholly united: 
Flowers regular 6. SOLANACEAE 
Flowers irregular 7. SCROPHULARIACEAE 
Fruit of 2-4 nutlets 8. BorrAGINACEAE 


Stamens 4 didynamous, or I or 2: 
Carpels ripening into a group of 4 nutlets: 
Styles apical on the lobeless ovary 9. VERBENACEAE 
Styles arising between the 4 lobes of the ovary 
10. LAMIACEAE 
Carpels ripening into a capsule, plants parasitic 
II. OROBANCHACEAE 


Family 1. DICHONDRACEZ. 
DICHONDRA FAMILY 


Prostrate or creeping slender herbs, with nearly orbicular, cordate 
or reniform, petioled entire leaves, and small solitary axillary peduncled 
flowers. Sepals nearly equal. Corolla open-campanulate, deeply 
5-lobed. Stamens shorter than the corolla; filaments filiform. Ovary 


200 Frectp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


villous, deeply 2-parted, each lobe 2-celled; styles 2, simple, arising 
from the bases of the ovary-lobes; stigmas capitate. Fruit of two 
pubescent, 2-valved or indehiscent, 1-2-seeded capsules. 


Ovary 2-parted t. DICHONDRA 
Ovary entire 2. CRESSA 


1a DICHONDRA Forst. 


Characters of the family. 


t. D.occidentalis House, Muhlenb.1:130 (1906). 


Stem perennial, slender, creeping, branching, 10-40 cm. long, glab- 
rate or appressed pubescent with silvery hairs when young: leaf-blades 
large, broadly reniform, 2-5 cm. broad, 1-3 cm. long, usually retuse at 
the apex, glabrous or with some scattered pubescence, dark green 
above, paler beneath, shallowly cordate and somewhat cuneate at the 
base, 7-nerved; petioles 5-8cm. long, pubescent toward the base: 
peduncles fiiliform, 1-2cm. long: calyx turbinate, densely pubescent, 
its lobes obovate, 1.5 mm. long, blunt or rounded, scarcely enlarged in 
fruit: corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx, subrotate, white, its 
lobes ovate, obtuse: capsules about 4 mm. high, subglobose, sericeous- 
pubescent: seeds brown, glabrous, 1.5 mm. long. 

Rather moist shady situations. March to April. Mrs. Trask, who was the 


only collector of this species, says: “Flowers never seen. Found in three local- 
ities only”; Avalon, April, 1808, (as Dichondra repens). 


2. CRESSA Linn. 


Corolla deeply 5-cleft, not plaited; the oblong or ovate lobes 
more than half the length of the somewhat campanulate tube, lightly 
convolute in the bud, or with one lobe external. Stamens and the two 
distinct entire styles exserted. Stigmas capitate. Capsule 2-valved, by 
abortion commonly one-seeded. 


1. C, truxillensis HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3:93 (1818). 


Perennial herb, 22-44cm. high, erect or diffuse, exceedingly 
branched, silky-villous and hoary: leaves very numerous, small (4.2- 
8.4mm. long), almost sessile, mostly ovate-lanceolate or oblong: flow- 
ers sessile or short-peduncled in the upper axils: corolla 4.2-6.3 mm. 
long, white, silky-pubescent outside, a little longer than the calyx. 

Saline situations in open places, but extending well inland. April to June. 
Ballast Point in Catalina Harbor, Lyon; Trask; Brandegee (as C. cretica); 
Macbride & Payson 871; Millsp. 4789; Nuttall 804.. Avalon vicinity, Mrs. 
Miller; Eastwood 6490; Nuttall 828. Middle Ranch, Nuttall 664, much taller 
and less pubescent than the plants of saline influence. Howland’s, Nuttall 809. 


——— es 


h 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 201 


Family 2.5 CONVOLVULACEZ. 
MORNING GLORY FAMILY 


Herbs or vines, some tropical species shrubs or trees, with alter- 
nate estipulate leaves, and regular perfect axillary cymose or solitary 
flowers. Calyx inferior, 5-parted or 5-divided, usually persistent, the 
segments or sepals imbricated. Corolla gamopetalous, the limb 
5-angled, 5-lobed or entire. Stamens 5, inserted low down on the tube 
of the corolla and alternate with its lobes, all anther-bearing, the fila- 
ments filiform, or dilated at the base; anthers 2-celled, the sacs 
longitudinally dehiscent. Disk annular or none. Ovary superior, 
sessile, 2-3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cavity, or falsely 4-6-celled with 
a single ovule in each cavity, usually entire; styles 1-3, terminal, ovules 
anatropous. Fruit mostly a 2-4-valved capsule. Seeds erect, the testa 
villous, pubescent or glabrous ; embryo plaited or crumpled; cotyledons 
foliaceous ; endosperm fleshy or cartilaginous, usually scanty. 


Stigmas capitate. 1. Ipomoea. 
Stigmas filiform or oblong. 2. CONVOLVULUS. 


1. IPOMGA Linn. 


Twining trailing or rarely erect herbs, with large showy axillary 
flowers. Corolla funnelform or campanulate, the limb entire, 5-angled 
or 5-lobed, the tube plaited. Stamens included. Ovary entire, 2-4- 
celled, 4-6-ovuled; styles united, included; stigmas I or 2, capitate or 
globose. Capsule usually septifragally 2-4 valved, 2-4-seeded. 


1. J. hederacea Jacq. Icon. Rar. pl. 36 (1781). 


Annual, pubescent; stem twining or climbing to a height of 6.8-15 
dm., slender, retrorsely hairy. Leaves ovate-orbicular in outline, long- 
petioled, deeply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, 5.1-12 cm. long, the lobes 
ovate, acuminate, entire, or the lateral ones sometimes repand or 
dentate; peduncles 1-3-flowered, much shorter than the petioles; flow- 
ers opening in early morning, soon closing; sepals lanceolate with long 
linear often recurved tips, densely hirsute below, sparingly so above, 2-3 
dm. long; corolla funnelform, the tube usually nearly white, the limb 
light blue or purple, 2.6-3.8cm. long; ovary 3-celled; stigmas 3; cap- 
sule depressed-globose, 3-valved, about as long as the lanceolate portion 
of the sepals. 

Plentifully escaped from gardens and fully established in canyons. January 


to December. Vicinity of Avalon, Millsp. 4541, and in Cherry Valley, at How- 
land’s and Johnson’s Landings. MORNING-GLORY. 


202 Fretp MuseuM oF NaTuRAL History—Botany, Vot. V. 


2. CONVOLVULUS Linn. 


Herbs (the following species perennials with slender roots or 
rootstocks) with trailing, twining or erect stems. Leaves entire dentate 
or lobed, mostly cordate or sagittate and petioled. Flowers axillary, 
solitary or clustered, large, pink, purple or white. Sepals nearly equal 
or the outer, larger, the calyx bractless or with a pair of bracts at its 
base. Corolla funnelform or campanulate, the limb plaited, 5-angled, 
5-lobed or entire. Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla, in- 
cluded; filaments filiform, or dilated at the base. Ovary 1-2-celled, 
4-ovuled ; style filiform; stigmas 2, filiform, oblong, or ovoid. Capsule 
globose or nearly so, 1-4-celled, 2-4-valved. Seeds glabrous. 


Leaves fleshy, maritime species. 1. Soldanella. 
Leaves not fleshy, interior species: 
Peduncles shorter than the petioles. 2. californicus. 
Peduncles much exceeding the petioles: 
Leaves sagittate. 3. occidentalis. 
Leaves hastate. 4. sepium. 


1. C.Soldanella Linn. Sp. Pl. 159 (1753). 


Maritime, low, glabrous: stems 3.3 dm. or less in length, trailing, 
rarely attempting to climb: leaves kidney-shaped, entire or obscurely 
angulate-lobed, 2.6-5.1 cm. broad, long-petioled: bracts ovate-cordate, 
not longer than the sepals: corolla pink or purplish, 2.6cm. or more 
in length: capsule becoming one-celled. 


In the sand of the sea beaches. May to June. Lyon; Brandegee. SEA- 
SIDE MORNING-GLORY. , 


2. C.californicus Choisy. DC. Prodr.g:405 (1845). 


Minutely and rather densely pubescent, or somewhat glabrate, 22 
cm. or less high and subcaulescent, or producing trailing stems 2-3 dm. 
long: leaves mostly obtuse, from ovate or obovate and obscurely hastate 
to triangular-hastate and the later ones acute, and the basal lobes 
sometimes I-2-toothed, long-petioled: peduncles shorter than the 
petiole: bracts oblong or oval, not unlike the outer sepals and equalling 
them, or rather shorter: corolla white, cream-color, or flesh-color, 
3.8-5.1 cm. long. 

Climbing over shrubbery. April to May. Lyon; Brandegee. CALIFOR- 


NIA BINDWEED. We have failed to find this, or the previous species on the 
island, but do not doubt their occurrence there. 


3. C. occidentalis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad-11:89 (1875). 


Glabrous or minutely pubescent: stems twining, 6-15 dm. high: 
leaves from broadly ovate-triangular with a deep and narrow basal 
sinus to narrowly lanceolate-hastate; the posterior lobes often 1-2- 
toothed: peduncle elongated, not rarely 2-flowered within the bracts; 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 203 


these ovate or rarely oblong, commonly surpassing and enclosing the 
calyx: corolla white or pinkish, 2.6-3.8 cm. long, and the expanded 
limb as wide. 

Dry canyon slopes everywhere. January to June. The prevalent species 
on the island. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee; Millsp. 4496, 4657, 4752; Nuttall 2, 


1043; Smith 5079; Knopf 54. All our collectors have failed to find a specimen 


of this species that would answer to C. macrostegius of Guadaloupe Island. 
WESTERN BINDWEED. 


4. C.sepium Linn. Sp. Pl.153 (1753). 


Glabrous or sparingly pubescent; stems extensively trailing or 
high-twining, 9-30 dm. long. Leaves slender-petioled, triangular in 
outline, hastate, 5.1-12cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, the 
basal lobes divergent, usually acute, angulate-dentate or entire; petioles 
12-50 mm. long; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the petioles, often 
2-3 times as long; flowers pink with white stripes or white throughout, 
about 5-1 cm. long; bracts at the base of the corolla, large, ovate, acute 
or obtuse, cordate; stigmas oblong. 

Dry situations. February to April. Climbing over Eriogonum giganteum 
in the arroya of Avalon Valley, Millsp. 4657. GREAT BINDWEED. This is 


the only return of the species from Catalina and is the most southerly record 
for this plant on the Pacific Coast. 


[Quamoclit sp. An exotic species of Quamoclit, at present un- 
placed, grows in a large clump in the grounds of the Banning 
House, at the Isthmus. It is here recorded in the event of its pos- 
sible establishment later. 

Slender vine growing in a congested clump. Stems 10 dm. or more 
in length, smooth. Leaves alternate triangular-hastate, petioled, dull 
green above, pale beneath, 1.5x1cm. more or less. Inflorescence 
axillary, single flowers on peduncles longer than leaves. Calyx 
5-parted, 3 and 2 divisions ovate, acuminate, I cm. or more long, hairy; 
corolla about 3 x 1.5 cm. gibbous and inflated, white at base shading to 
dark blue-purple above, irregular, lobes 3 and 2. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs 
attached near the base of the corolla, filaments hairy at base, anthers 
versatile. Style single; stigma linear; ovary single 1-celled, many 
seeded. Nuttall 907]. 


Family 3. CUSCUTACEZ. 
DODDER FAMILY 


White, red or yellow slender parasites, dextrorsely twining, the 
leaves reduced to minute alternate scales. Calyx inferior, 5-lobed 
or 5-parted (rarely 4-lobed or 4-parted), or of 5 distinct sepals. 
Corolla 5-lobed (rarely 4-lobed), the tube bearing as many fimbriate 
or crenulate scales as there are lobes and alternate with them, or 
these sometimes obsolete. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, 
inserted in the throat or sinuses above the scales; anthers short, 


204. Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Voi. V. 


ovate or oval, obtuse, 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. 
Ovary 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cavity; styles 2, terminal, separate, 
or rarely united below stigmas linear or capitate. Capsule globose 
or ovoid, circumscissile, irregularly bursting or indehiscent, 1-4- 
seeded. Seeds glabrous; embryo linear, terete, curved or spiral, its 
apex bearing I-4 minute alternate scales; endosperm fleshy ; cotyle- 
dons none. 


1. CUSCUTA Linn. 


Characters of the family. The filiform twining stems are para- 
sitic on herbs and shrubs by numerous minute suckers. The seeds 
germinate in the soil and the plantlet attaches itself to its host, its 
root and lower portion soon perishing. The subsequent nutrition of 
the parasite is apparently wholly through its suckers. Indications 
of a small amount of green coloring matter, possibly chlorophyll, 
have been observed in some species. 


1. C. occidentalis Millsp. nom. nov. 
Cuscuta californica breviflora Engelm. Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 
1:499 (1859). 

Flowers subsessile in dense glomerules; corolla somewhat nar- 
rowly campanulate; stamens and styles short; anthers oval. The 
flowers as the capsule matures, when viewed from above, present a 
rather characteristic stellate appearance because of the spreading of 
the lobes. 

In our opinion this plant presents sufficient characters to distin- 
guish it as a species. The designation breviflora not being tenable, we 
are obliged to go further for a distinctive appellation. 


On low shrubs in dry situations beyond the coast. March to September. 
Trask; Brandegee; on the Golf Links and at the base of Black Jack, Nuttall 
272, 9022. WESTERN DODDER. 


Family 4. HYDROPHYLLACEZ. 
WATER-LEAF FAMILY 


Herbs or rarely shrubs with watery insipid juice alternate or 
sometimes opposite leaves no stipules, mostly a scorpioid inflorescence 
in the manner of Borraginacee, regular 5-merous 5-androus flowers 
with the stamens borne on the base or lower part of the corolla alter- 
nate with its lobes, a 2-merous ovary with the two styles distinct or 
partly united the stigmas terminal. Ovules amphitropous or anatro- 
pous, from 4 to very many, pendulous or when numerous almost hori- 
zontal. Hypogynous annular disk at the base of the ovary often 


\ 
| 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 205 


conspicuous. Fruit a capsule, 1-celled with two parietal placente or 
incompletely 2-celled by the approximation or meeting of the placente 
(borne on semisepta), or even completely 2-celled by their union in the 
axis. Seeds with a close and unusually reticulated or pitted testa and 
a small or slender embryo in cartilaginous or firm-fleshy albumen. 
Scorpioid cymes sometimes complete more commonly reduced to ge- 
minate or solitary false spikes or racemes, the pedicels bractless. Calyx 
s-parted or of nearly distinct sepals. 


Placentae membranaceous lining the pericarp. 


Calyx appendaged. 1. NEMOPHILA. 

Calyx unappendaged. 2, ELLIsIA. 
Placentae axial, linear. 

Corolla deciduous. 3. PHACELIA. 

Corolla persistent. 4. EMMENANTHE. 
Placentae on the half-dissepiments. 5. ERImopIcTyon. 


1. NEMOPHILA Nutt. 


Diffuse, more or less hirsute tender winter-annuals with opposite 
or alternate and usually pinnatifid leaves; inflorescence in terminal 
and lateral racemes or single on terminal or lateral peduncles ; flowers 
white, blue or violet (frequently all in one species) ; corolla longer than 
the calyx except in one species. 


Inflorescence racemose. 


Leaves amplexicaulous. I. aurita. 
Leaves petiolate: 
Capsule tetraspermous. 2. erodiifolia. 
Capsule monospermous. 3. racemosa. 
Inflorescence solitary. 4. insignis. 


*Leaves mostly alternate, stems long and weak beset with sparse 
and stiff reflexed prickles by which the plants are disposed to climb; 
later flowers unaccompanied by leaves therefore loosely racemose ; 
ovules 4 only. 


I. N.aurita Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1g:t. 1601 (1833). 


Stems 3-9 dm. long, leaves all with an auriculate-dilated and clasp- 
ing base or winged petiole, the upper deeply pinnatifid into 5-9 oblong 
or lanceolate and mostly retrorse lobes; calyx appendages small; 
corolla violet, nearly 2.5 cm. in diameter, its internal appendages broad, 
partly free, in pairs at the base of each stamen; seeds globose, reticu- 
lated with the spaces deeply sunken. 

Shady places in cafions. May. Rock Falls Cafion, Nuttall 252, Silver Can- 


yon, 1209; Knopf 41; Brandegee and Mrs. Trask “on nearly all cafion sides” 
(N. Y.; U. S., 349023). 


2. N.erodiifolia Millsp. sp. nov. . 
Herba, debilis, aquosa, decumbens, 3-6 dm.; rami multi, divaricati, 


206 Firetp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vor. V. 


infra glabri, supra retrorsum uncinulo-setosa; folia inferiora opposita. 
superiora alterna, petiolata, utrinque setis compressis eis petiolorum 
non dissimilibus vestita (facie inferiore densius pubescenti atque altis 
setis longis aciculatis apud compressos conspersis instructa) : onmia tri- 
angulato-ovata, pinnatifida in 5-7 segmenta deltoidea aequalia irregu- 
liter dentataque sinibus angustis. Inflorescentia racemus longus laxus 
apertusque ; pedunculo foliis multo longiore ; pedicellis gracilibus calyce 
circ. triplo longioribus; floribus candidis vel caeruleis, campanulatis, 
Ix1Icm.; calyce quam corolla fere dimidio breviore, auriculis late 
triangulatis, lobis inaequalibus circ. 7 mm, longis, lanceolatis, apice 
obtusis vel rotundatis; corollae tubo late cylindrico, lobis ovatis ad 
apicem sparsissime ciliatis tubumque subaequantibus ; filamentis longi- 
tudine corollae tubum aequantibus et eius parti tertiae infimae adnatis, 
antheris purpureis. Capsula chartacea, globosa, calyce paulo longior, 
sparsim setosa, tetrasperma; seminibus immaturis triangulari-ovatis, 
dilute brunneis, distincte granulatis. N. auritae Lindl. affinis sed 
omnino valde diversa. Habitu N. racemosae Nutt. adpropinquans. 
Shady or moist grassy places, Feby. to April. Beneath low oaks, flowers 
white, Pebble Beach Cafion, Feby. 7, 920, Millsp. 4687 TYPE (in herb. Field 
Museum); shady roadside ditch, flowers light blue, Coach Road at the Wish- 
bone, Feby. 5, 1920, 4683; grassy places beneath trees, flowers pale blue, Catholic 
Church Cafion, March 11, 1920, 4768; moist grassy slope, flowers dark blue, 


Hamilton Cafion, April 1, 1920, yo05. Not seen in other collections from the 
Island. 


3. N.racemosa Nutt. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 10:315 (1875). 


More slender and weak than the two preceding species, leaves 
shorter and with fewer divisions and having a naked petiole, the blade 
ovate rather than linear in general outline (nearly as in the last spe- 
cies) ; flowers only about half the size of the last, corolla little longer 
than the calyx. Setae about the same as in the preceding differing but 
little if any on the two surfaces of the blade. 

Shady situations, March to May. Near Avalon, Grant 841; Coach Road 


near Summit, Smith 5023; Gallagher’s Cafion, Millsp. 4874; Coach Road, Nuttall 
49 52, et Knopf 13; Dall & Baker, Brandegee; Mrs. Trask; McClatchie 
CRW.) 


, 


** Leaves all or almost all opposite surpassed by the slender peduncle 
of the axillary or terminal single flower; ovules 8-24 maturing 5-15 
seeds. 


4. N. insignis Doug. Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 18:275 (1834). 
Nemophila Menziesti var. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 372 (1840). 
Nemophila Mensiesti insignis Brand Univ. Calif. Bot. 4:210 

(1912). 

Leaves pinnately parted into 7-9 oblong and sometimes 2-3-lobed 
small divisions; corolla bright blue sometimes pure white, up to 2.5 cm. 
in diameter, the internal scales short and roundish, partly free, hirsute 
with short hairs. Seeds oval, somewhat corrugated or tuberculate. 


Frora of SANTA CaTALINA IsLAND—MILLSpAuGH & NUTTALL 207 


Damp roadside ditch. February to May. Mrs. Trask (U. S., Field) says: 
“Thrives in one locality”, this must be along the South Hill Road above Avalon, 
where it is often pure white, Millsp. 4701, 4838; and Nuttall 102, 594; Knopf 
387; Middle Ranch Canyon, Knopf 365. It has also been transplanted to borders 
in’the St. Catherine grounds. BABY BLUE-EYES. 


2. ELLISIA Linn. 


Calyx 5-parted stellately enlarging and more foliaceous under 
the fruit, the sinuses destitute of appendages; corolla either broadly 
or narrowly campanulate, mostly short in proportion to the calyx, the 
internal appendages at base minute or obsolete; the lobes in the Cali- 
fornian species usually one outside and one inside of the bud. Stamens 
and style shorter than the corolla; filaments naked, anthers oval or 
cordate. Ovary, capsule, etc. nearly as in the preceding. Annuals, 
the leaves opposite or the uppermost alternate, once or twice pinnatifid ; 
flowers small on solitary peduncles in the forks, or bractless and loosely 
racemose at the summit of the branches, corolla white or whitish. 


* Leaves mainly twice or thrice pinnatifid; ovules 8, a pair on the 
back and front of the placenta; seeds oblong-oval, dissimilar, usually 
two remaining concealed after dehiscence—Eucrypta Nutt. 


1. E.chrysanthemifolia Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc.17:274 (1834). 
Eucrypta chrysanthenifolia Greene Bull. Calif. Acad. 1, 4: 200 
(1885). 


Erect, simple or branched, 1-3 dm. high, villous and more or less 
glandular-viscid above; internodes short; leaves opposite, the upper 
alternate, pilose, twice or thrice pinnatifid, the ultimate ones always 
simply pinnatifid, segments numerous, oblong, lobes ovate acute: 
racemes opposite the alternate leaves, elongated in fruit, pedicels 
longer than the calyx; flowers white or sometimes with pink stripes 
within near the base; calyx lobes oblong or broadly oval shorter than 
the open, campanulate corolla, about equalling the small capsule which 
is usually 6-seeded, the mostly 4 ordinary seeds rugose-tuberculate 
and enclosed between the placentz, free in dehiscence, and between 
the placentz and the valve 1 smooth and meniscoid. 

Common everywhere in shade. February to July. Smith 4998, 5025, 5066; 


Millsp. 4682, 4680, 4757, 4904; Nuttall 50, 137, 495, 593; Brandegee; Lyon; Mrs. 
Howland, Mrs. Trask (U. S. 340052) ; Knopf 113. 


3. PHACELIA Juss. 


Annual or some few perennial herbs with alternate single or com- 
pound leaves and more or less scorpioid cymes or so-called racemes 
or spikes. Corolla deciduous or at least thrown off by the ripening 
capsule. Blue, purple or white; the tube with or sometimes without 


208 FreLtp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vor. V. 


internal appendages, these when present usually in the form of 10 
vertical folds or lamellar projections on the lateral veins, in pairs, 
either adnate to or free from and alternate with the base of the slender 
filaments. Calyx lobes commonly narrow, often widening upward, 
more or less enlarging in fruit. Seed coat pitted or reticulated. 


Corolla destitute of appendages: 


Seeds 20-50. I. viscida. 
Seeds 60-80. 2. grandiflora. 
Corolla with 10 appendages: , 
Ovules 2. 
Sepals hispid. 3. hispida. 
Sepals pilose. 4. distans. 
Ovules more than 2. s. Lyoni. 


*Ovules 20-80, on both sides of the placentae. Appendages of the 
corolla none. Seeds small, testa favose-pitted—Gymnobythus A. DC. 


1. P.viscida (Benth.) Torrey Mex. Bound. Surv. 2:143 (1859). 
Eutoca viscida Benth. Bot. Reg. 21:t. 1808 (1835). 


Annual 3-6dm. high, branching, hirsute at the base very 
glandular above; leaves ovate or obscurely cordate, doubly or in- 
cisely and irregularly dentate, 2.5-5 cm. long; calyx lobes linear or 
becoming obscurely spatulate, about the length of the abruptly cus- 
pidate-pointed capsule the firm placentae of which persist on the 
valves; corolla deep blue with a purple or whitish center (sometimes 
white), from 1-2 cm. in diameter. 

On mountain heights, especially where fire has passed. March to May. 


Brandégee list (as P. viscidula); from Trask specimen (U. S.; photo. Field). 
She says: “One locality only.” STICKY PHACELIA. 


2. P. grandiflora (Benth.) Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 10:321 (1875). 
Eutoca grandiflora Benth, Trans. Linn. Soc. 17:278 (1834). 


Very like the preceding or disposed to be more hispid; corolla 
light blue or sometimes white, 2.5-4cm. in diameter; capsule about 
6mm, the cuspidate persistent and indurated base of the style 2mm. 
in length. 


In cultivated and burned-over ground. Brandegee. 


** Ovules 4, 2 to each side of the placenta; appendages of the cor- 
rolla 10, laminate, in pairs at the base of the stamens; seeds often 
fewer than 4, testa aerolate-reticulate or favose—Euphacelia Gray. 


*This name*had previously been utilized by Buckley (Proc. Acad. Sci. 
Phila. 1861(2) :463) for a Phacelia that Gray considers, in the same publica- 
tion 1862 :161, to be Eutoca patuliflora, Engelm. & Gray (Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 
5-253 (1845) = Phacelia patuliflora, Gray Am. Acad. 10:321 (1875). I hesitate 
adding another and distinctive name: the American Code warrants such renam- 
ing though the International does not. 


‘ 
h 


FLora OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLAaND—MILtspauGcH & NUTTALL 209 


3. P.hispida* Gray Syn. Flora N.A.II,1:161 (1878). 
Phacelia hispida genuina Brand Univ. Calif. Bot.4:214 (1912). 


A slender or robust stemmed ascending or erect annual; stems 
simple or branched, 15-65 cm. high, densely hispid; leaves very vari- 
able often pinnate or pinnatifid the segments often short-petiolate or 
sessile, often broadly ovate and irregularly incised or oblong and 
serrate, the lower long petioled the upper short petiolate or sessile, 
pinnatifid-incised. Circinnate racemes terminal, single or paired, 
densely flowered; pedicels distinct; sepals linear-lanceolate, acute, 
short pilose and densely hispid with long hairs, 6-9 mm. long; corolla 
white or blue, oblong-campanulate 8-12.5 mm. long, lobes short and 
broad, slightly hispid rarely glabrous, appendages semi-lanceolate ; 
stamens sometimes shorter sometimes longer than the corolla; ovary 
globose, pilose and hispid; style parted above the middle. Capsule 
globose, hispid; seeds brown, foveolate. 

Open situations in poor soil. March to July. On bald sea cliff near Pebble 
Beach, Pendleton 1364, 1411; Millsp. 4743; Nuttall 70; Descanso Cafion, Nuttall 


778 and the Coach Road 189, 590.. Brandegee; Lyon; Mrs. Howland; Mrs. 
Trask (N. Y.; U. S. 340103); Knopf 53, 111, 210; Pebble Beach Road, Smith 


5053. 


4. P.distans Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 36 (1844). 
Phacelia tanacettfolia of authors, non Benth. 
Phacelia distans scabrella Brand Pflanzenr. 4:251 (1913), as to 
Mrs. Trask’s Catalina specimen in herb. U. S. Natl. Mus. 


-Robust, branching from the base, somewhat hirsute, 10-60 cm. 
high. Leaves pinnatifid, bipinnatifid or nearly pinnate, divisions ses- 
sile, pinnatifid or crenate, lobes ovate entire or slightly dentate; 
racemes circinnate, terminal, solitary or in pairs, densely flowered; 
pedicels slight or wanting; sepals 4-5mm. long, broadest at the 
middle, hirsute and with a fine, short, somewhat glandular tomentum 
beneath ; corolla blue, campanulate, 5-10 mm. long; appendages free at 
the apex; stamens somewhat longer than the corolla; ovary globose, 
pilose; style parted below the middle, ciliate below, twice or more 
longer than the calyx. Capsule globose, pilose, about half as long as 
the calyx; seeds brown, reticulate and tuberculate, one facet carinate. 

Ascending among bushes or grasses in deep shade. March to May. Trask 


U. S.; photo. Field), also as P. ciliata; Reed 2817 in part; Pebble Beach, Millsp. 
4887, 4888. Brandegee. 


*** Ovules on each side of the placentae more than 2, testa areolate- 
reticulate or favose-pitted but not transversely rugose; appendages of 
the mostly campanulate corolla in the form of 10, vertical, salient 
lamellae; capsule ovate or oblong.—Eutoca R. Br. 


5. P.Lyoni Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 20:303 (1884). 


Viscid pubescent and heavy-scented, 6dm. or more high, robust ; 
leaves pinnately divided into narrowly oblong and deeply pinnatifid 
divisions their short lobes oval and crenate; spikes dense; corolla pale 


210 Firtp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vor. V. 


or ochroleucous, 4-8mm. long, broadly campanulate, appendages 
semi-oval their base united to the filaments; stamens and style not 
exserted ; capsule narrowly oblong, many-seeded, nearly equalling the 
linear-spatulate hispid and viscid sepals; seeds oval, scrobiculate. 


In dry situations. May to July. An endemic species first collected by Nevin 
& Lyon in June, 1884 (Gray; photo. Field); Trask. On cliffs near Avalon, 
Eastwood 6453, Hall 8283; banks of Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 1365;-Reed 
2817; Lookout Point, in fruit, Nuttall 838; Knopf 163, 211, Nuttall 69; Rattle- 
snake Cafion, Nuttall 263 and along the Coach Road 591; Blake 967; Brandegee. 


4. EMMENANTHE Benth. 


Low annuals with much the habit and general character of some 
sections of Phacelia but the yellow or cream-colored campanulate cor- 
olla persistent. Our species large, with loose, paniculate racemes; 
corolla lobes short, rounded, destitute of appendages. Seeds coarsely 
pitted ; calyx lobes broadening downward; style deciduous. 


i. E. penduliflora Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc.17:281 (1834). 


Villous pubescent or somewhat viscid, 2 or more dm. high; leaves 
pinnatifid the lobes numerous, short, somewhat toothed or incised; 
pedicels filiform as long as the at length nodding flowers, sometimes 
branched at the base; stamens almost free from the broadly campan- 
ulate withering corolla; ovules about 16. 


In dry hillside fields, general. May to July. On the ridge between Rock 
Spring and Rock Falls cations, Nuttall! 254, 662; Smith 5070; Mrs. Howland. 
Mrs. Trask (U. S., Field). WHISPERING BELLS. 


5. ERIODICTYON Benth. 


Low shrubs with alternate pinnately veined and finely reticulated 
leaves of firm or coriaceous texture their margins mostly beset with 
rigid teeth, tapering at the base into more or less of a petiole; inflor- 
escence a scorpioid cyme forming a terminal, usually naked thyrsus. 
Sepals narrow, not enlarging toward the apex, corolla violet or purple 
sometimes white. Filaments adnate variably and sometimes exten- 
sively to the tube of the corolla, usually sparsely hirsute. Ovary 
nearly or completely 2-celled by the meeting of the dilated placentae in 
the axils. Capsule small, ovate-globose, pointed. 


1. E. Traskiae Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1, 3:131,t. X, £2. 
(1898). 


Eriodictyon tomentosum of the Brandegee and Lyon lists. 
Eriodictyon crassifolium Benthamianum Trasktae Brand Pflan- 


zenr. 59:140 (1913). 
Shrub 1-2 m. tall with reddish-brown branches and densely white- 


FLoraA oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 211 


tomentose leaves. Leaves rigid, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceo- 
late broadest at the upper third, narrowing to their insertion, blunt 
pointed the margin crenate or rather deeply open serrate, 
8-18 x I-1.75 cm.; inflorescence openly thyrsoid the lower peduncles 
leaf-bracted at the base the upper linear-bracted; flowers in dense 
scorpioid clusters, pedicelled; calyx densely hirsute, deeply lobed, the 
lobes narrowly linear, equal, 5mm. long; corolla 7mm., cylindrical, 
inflated at the middle, 5-angled, slightly pilose on the angles; lobes 
orbicular-ovate; filaments adnate throughout their length reaching to 
the middle of the tube. Ovary globose, glabrous; syles 2, free to the 
base, stigma capitate. 


Dry volcanic uplands. Endemic. June. Base of Black Jack Mountain, 
alt. 1400 ft., Trask (N. Y.; Field); McClatchie (N. Y.; Field); Lyon 69 (Gray; 
Field); Trask (U. S.; Field); Nuttall 638; Knopf 95 (This is doubtless the 
type locality of Mrs. Trask who says: “Just at the foot of one of our highest 
peaks where it covers a large area; I have seen it in no other locality”) ; South 
End Mountains and near White’s Landing, Smith 5008, 5160. 


Family 5. POLEMONIACEZ. 
PHLOX FAMILY 


Herbs or rarely shrubs with bland colorless juice, simple or 
divided leaves and no stipules, perfect and regular 5-merous flowers 
except that the free ovary is trimerous (3-celled with the placentae in 
the axis) ; the persistent calyx imbricated and the corolla dextrorsely 
convolute (and not plictae) in the bud; the fruit a 3-celled loculicidal 
capsule usually with a thick placental axis; the few or many seeds 
small, amphitropous or nearly anatropous with a thin or soft coat 
commonly developing mucilage when wetted; the embryo straight and 
rather large in the axis of a fleshy or harder albumen, the cotyledons 
flat or flattish and rather broad. Stamens on the corolla alternate with 
its lobes distinct; style 1, 3-lobed or cleft, the introrse stigmas or 
lobes of the style stigmatic down the inner face, slender. Hypogynous 
disk generally manifest. The corolla is not always perfectly regular 
and the 5-stamens are very commonly unequal in length or insertion. 


Calyx teeth equal. uy) GILIA. 
Calyx teeth unequal. 2. NAVARRETIA, 


1. GILIA Ruiz. & Pav. 


Corolla funnelform, salverform or sometimes short-campanulate 
or rotate, regular; stamens equally inserted in the tube or throat of 
the corolla, the mostly slender filaments sometimes unequal in length, 
not declined. Ovules or seeds several or few, or rarely solitary in 
each cell; seed coat with few exceptions mucilaginous, in many with 


212 Fietp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vot. V. 


uncoiling spiral threads, when wetted. Herbs or suffrutescent plants 
with either opposite or alternate and simple or compound leaves. Many 
species with showy flowers. 


Inflorescence generally capitate. 
Cells of the ovary I (rarely 2) ovuled: 


Stamens never exceeding the corolla limb. 1. Traskiae. 

Stamens exceeding the corolla limb. 2. glutinosa. 
Cells of the ovary several ovuled: 

Capsule oblong. 3. Nevinii. 

Capsule ovoid. 4. multicaulis. 


Inflorescence monoflorous (not capitulate) : 
Cells of the ovary many-ovuled: 
Corolla lobes erose-dentate. 5. dianthoides. 
Corolla lobe margin entire. 6. bicolor. 


1. G. Traskize Eastw. Milliken Rev. Calif. Polemon. 26 (1904). 


Stem glandular 20-30 cm. high, branching from the base; leaves 
deeply pinnatifid to the rachis, segments oblong, entire or dentate. 
Corolla hypocrateriform or tubiform white twice as long as the calyx, 
lobes as long as the tube. Seeds not mucilaginous when wetted. 


Grassy slopes. April and May. Endemic. Mrs. Trask 5 (1895). 


2. G.glutinosa (Benth.) Gray Syn. Flora N. A. II, 1 suppl.: 408 
(1886). 
Collomia glutinosa Benth. Bot. Reg. 19:t.1622 (1833). 
Gilia gilioides Milliken Rev. Calif. Polemon. 26 in part (1904). 


Stem erect divaricately branching silvery long-hispid, glandular 
above 25-30cm. high. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or pinnate the 
largest 4x 1.75 cm.; the segments pinnatisect; the upper sessile, 
tripartite to the base. Corolla light-blue, hypocrateriform, 6-7 mm. 
broad the tube longer than the ovate, pointed lobes; Calyx shorter 
than the corolla tube, lobes linear-lanceolate, acute; stamens of var- 
ious lengths some exceeding the corolla to which they are affixed 
slightly below the middle of the tube and continued to the base by 5 
hairy lines ; ovary oblong-ovate, 1-2-ovuled in each cell; stigma slender, 
much shorter than the stamens; styles short, hairy, recurved; seeds 
black, wrinkle-pitted. 

Dry upland hillsides. June to July. Vicinity of Avalon, Brandegee, Trask, 


Carlson, Eastwood 6456; Head of Cafion opposite Chicken Johnny’s, Nuttall 339, 
608, and roadside beyond the Saw Mill 244. 


3. G. Nevinii Gray Syn. Flor. N. A. II,1 suppl.: 411 (1886). 


Stem simple or branched, glandular pubescent, densely foliate, 8- 
50cm. high; leaves 2-3-pinnatifid, the lower long-petioled; flowers 
in few-flowered cymose heads, densely glandular-viscid; corolla 
12mm. long, short-tubed, about twice the length of the calyx, deep 
blue or purple, not maculate in the throat, lobes about twice the length 
of the tube; filaments short, inserted in the throat just below the 
corolla sinuses. Capsule oblong. 


Fora OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLanD—MILispaucH & NUTTALL 213 


Open grassy hillsides. March to May. Nevin & Lyon (Gray, type; photo. 
Field) ; Trask; Gallagher’s Cafion, Millsp. 4862; Road up East Hill, Avalon, 
Nuttall 103.. Trask, (U. S.; Field); Brandegee list; Pacific Slope of the Salta 
Verde, Knopf 343; Banning’s Canyon, Knopf 88. TURQUOISE FLOWER. 


4. @G.multicaulis Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: t. 1622 (1833). 
Gilia multicaulis alba Milliken Rev. Calif. Polemon. 35 (1904). 


Stem erect 15-30cm. tall; leaves 2-3-pinnatifid, puberulent, seg- 
ments linear; flowers in open, 3-many flowered terminal cymes, at 
first subsessile becoming short-pedicelled ; calyx and pedicel glandular, 
campanulate, the lobes narrow, apiculate, hyaline-margined, about the 
length of the tube; corolla blue, sometimes white, infundibuliform, 
twice or more the length of the calyx, throat broad, lobes about twice 
the length of the tube. Filaments short, attached to the throat of the 
corolla much shorter than the limb; style somewhat longer than the 
corolla, stigmas short, revolute; ovules many in each cell. Capsule 
ovoid ; seeds brown. 

Open grassy places. March to June. Cherry Cafion, Smith 5086; Fisher- 
man’s Cove, Trask, Millsp. 4922; Chicken Johnny’s, Nuttall 142. Lyon, Brand- 
egee. 


5. G.dianthoides Endl. Atakt. Bot.t.29 (1833). 

Linanthus dianthiflorus Greene Pitt.2:254 (1892). 

Fenzelia dianthiflora Benth. Bot. Reg. 19:t. 1622 (1833). 

Fenzelia speciosa & concinna Nutt. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 

uF I -157 (1847). 

Stem erect, simple or branched, puberulent, 3-12cm. or more; 
leaves filiform, glabrous or slightly canescent; flowers fragrant, 
terminal, solitary or 2-6, short pedicelled; calyx tubular-campanulate 
the teeth much longer than the tube; corolla light-lilac or rose-purple 
sometimes white, petals suborbicular, yellow at the throat purple at 
the base, about twice as long as the calyx, erose-dentate at the apex, 
tube short; stamens affixed just above the base of the corolla, in- 
cluded; styles as long as the calyx and its lobes; stigmas filiform one- 
quarter the length of the style; capsule as long as the calyx-tube, many 
seeded, seeds orbicular, smooth. 

On arid heights (Trask) and grassy slopes. March to April. Hillside near 
Fisherman’s Cove, March 14, 1920, Millsp. 4785 (here the plants were all simple 


stemmed and almost all the flowers pure white: a few pale-lilac ones were 
seen) ; Brandegee; Gambel; Salta Verde, Knopf 364. 


6. G. bicolor (Nutt.) Brand Pflanzenr. 4,250:139 (1907). 

Leptosiphon bicolor Nutt. Trans, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. I], 1:156 

(1848). 

Stem slender, often simple, finely puberulent; Leaves whorled, 
3-5-partite, segments linear-lanceolate or linear. Inflorescence soli- 
tary or at times 2-3-flowered ; calyx eglandular, the segments narrow, 
3-veined, about 7 mm. long, ciliate, much longer than the tube; cor- 
olla smooth, violet or white with a bright yellow “eye,” the tube long 


214 Fietp Museum or Naturar History—Botany, Vor. V. 


and slender nearly three times the length of the calyx, lobes ovate, 
small, about five times shorter than the tube; filaments about three 
times the length of the anther; ovary lenticular; style much shorter 
than the corolla tube. 


Grassy hillsides. March to May. Fisherman's cove, Trask; March 14, 
1920, Millsp. 4784 (Probably Mrs. Trask’s station as it was found by me near 
her “Isthmus Home” now in ruins); Moonstone Beach, Knopf 379. 


2. NAVARRETIA Ruiz. & Pav. 


Annual viscid herbs with alternate, entire or pinnatifid leaves the 
divisions of which are spinose. Inflorescence in more or less densely 
flowered involucrate heads with very various bracts. Calyx obconic 
or tubulo-campanulate, 5- rarely 4-fid, lobes, unequal, or all entire or 
partly 1-many toothed ; corolla small tubiform or infundibuliform about 
twice as long as the calyx, lobes slender much shorter than the tube; 
stamens 5 rarely 4, equally or unequally affixed sometimes included 
sometimes exserted; style equalling or shorter than the corolla; 
stigmas 2 or 3; ovary 2 or 3 celled; cells I-many seeded. Capsule 
variable both in the character of its pericarp and method of de- 
hiscence ; seeds I-many, sometimes mucilaginous sometimes unaffected 
by wetting. 


Flower-heads not woolly. 
. Terminal leaf lobe equal to lateral: 


Calyx dilated at the middle. 1. foltacea. 
Calyx not dilated at the middle: 
Leaf-rachis 3-5 mm. broad. 2. atractyloides. 
Leaf-rachis about I mm. broad. 3. hamata. 
Terminal leaf lobe longer than lateral. 4. viscidula. 
Flower-heads woolly. - 5. filifolia. 


e 


f 
1. N. foliacea Greene Pitt.1:138 (1887). 


Diffusely branching from the base, densely leafy, about 15 cm. 
high, the stem densely viscid glandular. Leaves elliptical or oblong 
the segments herbaceous below, spinose at the apex. Inflorescence. in 
dense, bracted, terminal heads, the outer bracts similar to the leaves; 
calyx ventrically dilated, lobes plainly unequal 2 large, ovate-acum- 
inate and more or less recurved, 3 small and tooth-like; corolla white, 
8mm. long exceeding the calyx, tube narrow, dilated above, the lobes 
oblong much shorter than the tube; stamens unequally affixed to the 
throat, the upper somewhat exserted; style shorter than the tube; 
cells of the ovary 4-5-ovuled. 

_ Dry, open situations. June. In the outer enclosure at Chicken Johnny’s, 
Nuttall 349, 830; Pendleton 1392. 


FLorA OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLAND—MitispaucH & NUTTALL 215 


2. N.atractyloides (Benth.) Hook & Arn. Bot. Beechey 368 (1840). 
Aegochloa atractyloides Benth. Bot. Reg. 19 :t. 1622 (1833). 
Gilia atractyloides Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 1:683 (1840). 


Very rigid especially the leaves and bracts, pubescent and very 
viscid; bracts lanceolate or the uppermost even ovate all pinnatifid 
and with divaricate subulate spinescent lobes the rachis 3-5 mm. broad. 
Flowers less glomerate than those of wviscidula. Capsule oblong; 
seeds 6 in each cell, brown, very mucilaginous when wetted. 

Open, dry situations. June to July. Reported in both the Brandegee and 
Lyon lists. The Brandegee specimen in herb. Field Museum and the Lyon and 


Nevin in herb. Gray prove to be N. hamata Greene. We have not collected the 
species, though it is doubtlessly properly credited to the Island. 


/ 


*3. N.hamata Greene Pitt.1:139 (1887). 


Stem slender, glandular, simple or much branched from the base, 
4-16 cm. high. Lower leaves doubly, upper singly, spinose, rachis 1 mm. 
broad, divisions very rigid, always reflexed. Heads small, terminal; 
bracts broadly leafy; calyx lobes subulate spined; corolla purple, tube 
narrow, long exserted, dilated at the throat, lobes much shorter than 
the tube. Stamens attached to the throat of the corolla and shorter 
than the lobes; style as long as the tube. Capsule subglobose, about 
g-seeded ; seeds brown, finely reticulate-pitted, not changed in water. 

Dry slopes and Cafion washes. May to June. Pebble Beach Cafion, Nuttall 
186, Equestrian Trail 265, 327, Middle Ranch Creek bed, 663 hillside at head of 
Grand Cafion 708. Brandegee (Gilia atractyloides in herb Field Museum), A/rs. 
Howland; Lyon & Nevin; Trask. 


4. N. viscidula Benth. Pl. Hartweg 324 (1848). 
Gulia viscidula Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 8:271 (1870). 


Stem divaricate branched, glandular-viscid or the lowest portion 
glabrous, 5-25cm. high; lobes of the intermediate leaves triangular 
acuminate at the base, always 1-2-denticulate. Corolla more than 
twice the length of the calyx, tubular or infundibuliform; stamens 
slightly exserted; style as long as the corolla. Capsule half as long 
as the calyx, 2-4-seeded; seeds slightly mucilaginous when wetted. 

Dry slopes. June and July. Brandegee: Trask; Macbride & Payson 836. 
Not seen by us. 


5. N. filifolia (Nutt.) Brand Pflanzenr. 4,250:167 (1907). 
Gilia filifolia Nutt. Jour. Acad. Sci. Phila.n.s.1:156 (1848). 
Navarretia filifolia eu-filifolia Brand tbid. 


Stem erect, simple or virgate branching from the base, smooth ox 
the younger parts white-tomentose, 5-20cm. high. Leaves filiform, 
entire or 3-parted at the base. Heads densely white-woolly, bracts 
2-5-parted, more or less recurved, the base hyaline; calyx densely 
woolly, lobes unequal, subulate, shorter than the tube; corolla blue, 
hypocrateriform, somewhat longer than the calyx, lobes much shorter 


216 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vot. V. 


than the tube; stamens attached below the throat, slightly exserted ; 
ovary cylindrical-ovate, very minutely ciliate, cells 4-ovulate, style as 
long as the corolla tube. Seeds densely spirilliferous in water. 


Dry hillsides. April to May. Trask; on the hill beyond the Avalon School 
House, April 29, 1920, Nuttall 32, 1210. 


Family 6. SOLANACEZ., 
POTATO FAMILY 


Herbs, shrubs, vines, or some tropical species trees, with alternate 
or rarely opposite estipulate leaves, and perfect regular, or nearly 
regular, cymose flowers. Calyx inferior, mostly 5-lobed. Corolla 
gamopetalous, mostly 5-lobed, the lobes induplicate-valvate or plicate 
in the bud. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate 
with them, inserted on the tube, all perfect in the following genera; 
anthers various, 2-celled, apically or longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 
superior, 2-celled (rarely 3-5-celled) ; ovules numerous on the axile 
placentz, anatropous or amphitropous; style slender, simple; stigma 
terminal; fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds numerous; endosperm 
fleshy; cotyledons semiterete. 


Fruit a berry: 
Corolla plicate. 1. SOLANUM. 
Corolla not plicate. 2. Lycrum. 
Fruit a capsule: 
Calyx tubular. 3. DaturRA. 
Calyx ovoid or campanulate. 4. NICOTIANA. 


1. SOLANUM Linn. 


Herbs or shrubs, often stellate-pubescent, sometimes climbing. 
Flowers cymose, umbelliform paniculate, or racemose. Calyx cam- 
panulate or rotate, mostly 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, the 
limb plaited, 5-angled or 5-lobed, the tube very short. Stamens inserted 
on the throat of the corolla; filaments short; anthers linear or oblong, 
acute or acuminate, connate or connivent into a cone, each sac dehi- 
scent by a terminal pore, or sometimes by a short introrse terminal slit, 
or sometimes also longitudinally. Ovary usually 2-celled; stigma 
small. Berry mostly globose, the calyx either persistent at its base or 
enclosing it. 


Puberulent with scattered hairs, fruit small. 1. Douglasii. 
Densely pubescent with glandular hairs, fruit large. 2. Wallacei. 


1. §. Douglasii Dunal, DC. Prodr. 13,1:48 (1852). 
Usually somewhat woody, 1-2 m. high; stems angular, the angles 


‘ 
: 
; 
t 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA IsSLAND—MILtspaucH & NUTTALL 217 


somewhat denticulate-scabrous, otherwise more or less puberulent; 
leaves variously angular-dentate, or some nearly entire; umbels nearly 
opposite the leaves, several-flowered; flowers white or pale purplish, 
8-14 mm. broad, pubescent without, deeply 5-parted, the lobes lanceo- 


‘late; anthers yellow, 4-5 mm. long; filaments about 1 mm. long, stout, 


hairy, nearly equaling the slender style; fruit black. 


Common everywhere on canyon slopes and bottoms. Flowers the year 
around. Lyon; Brandegee; Trask (as S. nigrum var.); Smith 5005; Muillsp. 
4476, 4514, 4606, 4707, 4719; Nuttall 3 139, 203, 494, 703; Knopf 65, 180, 188, 198, 
220, 236, 239, 278. NIGHTSHAD 

We have collected this ee ‘largely, in order to omit no possible form 
of significance. The plants differ considerably in leaf form and dentation and in 
color of flowers, the differences being racial and mostly due to soil and exposure. 
Plants growing ‘in water, deep in canyons, have entire leaves and larger flowers. 


2. §.Wallacei (Gray) Parish, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3,2: 166 


(1901) 
Solanum Xanti Wallacet Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11:90 (1876). 


Suffrutescent, often forming large rounded masses and growing 
up to 2m. high; stems about a meter long, densely tawny-villous with 
long, multilocular, viscidly glanduliferous hairs which are unbranched, 
or usually a few once-branched; leaves thickish, sometimes pustulose, 
usually less densely villous than the stems, crenate margined, the lower 
ample, cordate, the upper ovate, rounded, or subcordate at base; calyx 
narrowly funnel-form, deeply cleft, or wider and less deeply divided ; 
corolla 2-4.cm. wide; style glabrate, or villous below; ripe fruit dark 
purple. 


In canyon bottoms where it grows up among shrubs to a height of 7 feet 
or more or forms large masses with a wealth of bright blue flowers often fully 
2 inches across and leaves up to 3.5x6 inches. It blooms throughout the year. 
Wallace (Type); Lyon 76; Trask; Brandegee; Hasse; McClatchie; Grant 1220; 
Grant & Wheeler 6141; Smith 5045; Pendleton 1366; Reed 2819; Pebble Beach, 
Millsp. 4522, Nuttall 76, Knopf 112, Macbride & Payson 846; Hamilton Canon, 
Nuttall 704, 1134; Middle Ranch Canyon, Knopf 257 and Echo Lake 77. GIANT 
SOLANUM, WILD TOMATO. 

Lyon remarked that the large purple-black fruit is edible, but Mrs. Trask 
says: “Vincente, an old-time island fisherman, can eat two or three fruits with- 
out ill effect though his two little boys became quite ill in consequence of eating 
them.” Mr. Knopf writes that “Mexican Joe took a visitor to White’s Landing 
in his boat. When they landed the man found some of the ripe fruit and, mis- 
taking it for ‘Ground Cherry,’ which he was of the habit of eating elsewhere, 
ate a number despite Joe’s warning. In a few minutes he was taken with vio- 
lent cramps. They started for Avalon, and on the way the man went into 
convulsions. The run to Avalon took 40 minutes, and by the time they had 
arrived violent purging placed him out of danger. Its effect was similar to an 
overdose of epsom salts or croton oil, only that the solanum caused the cramps 
and convulsions.” 


2. LYCIUM Linn. 


Shrubs, or woody vines, often spiny, with small alternate entire 
leaves, commonly with smaller ones fascicled in their axils, and white 
greenish or purple, solitary or clustered flowers. Calyx campanulate, 


218 Firtp Museum oF NatTurAL History—Botany, Vor. V. 


3-5-lobed or -toothed, not enlarged in fruit, persistent. Corolla-tube 
short or slender, the limb 5-lobed (rarely 4-lobed), the lobes obtuse. 
Stamens 5 (rarely 4); filaments filiform, sometimes dilated at the 
base; anther-sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 2-celled; style 
filiform; stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Berry globose, ovoid, or oblong. 


1. L.californicum Nutt. Gray Bot. Calif.1:542 (1876). 


Glabrous, very much branched, 6.8-12.2 dm. high: branchlets 
spinescent: leaves thick and fleshy, very small, in the fascicles 2.1-4.2 
mm. long, from oval or obovate to oblong or spatulate, or on vigorous 
shoots 6.3mm. long and almost linear: flowers nearly sessile or on 
pedicels of 2.1-4.2 mm. in length: tube of the white corolla included in 
the campanulate 4-toothed calyx, its 4 oval rotately spreading lobes 
hardly 2-1 mm. long. 

Dry banks near the sea. January to May. Lyon; Brandegee; Isthmus Cove, 
Trask, Millsp. 4778, Nuttall 258; Catalina Harbor along the “break-off” of the 


shore, Reed 2857, Pendleton 1421, Millsp. 4612; Pacific slope of the Salta Verde, 
Knopf 332. BOX THORN. 


[L. Richii Gray. There was once a large growth of this Mexican 
species in Avalon “one hundred feet in circumference and twenty-five 
high,” on specimens from which Dr. Greene based his species Lyciwm 
Hasset. From this growth Lyon, Trask, Hasse, Brandegee, Mrs. 
Wheeler, Toumey, McClatchie and others made and distributed speci- 
mens. In 1908 this famous growth had been destroyed to make way 
for buildings. MATRIMONY VINE. ] 


3. DATURA Linn. 


Tall narcotic herbs, some tropical species shrubs or trees, with 
alternate petioled leaves, and large solitary erect, short-peduncled, 
white purple or violet flowers. Calyx elongated-tubular or prismatic, 
its apex 5-cleft or spathe-like, in the following species circumscissile 
near the base which is persistent and subtends the prickly capsule. 
Corolla funnelform, the limb plaited, 5-lobed, the lobes broad, acum- 
inate. Stamens included or little exserted; filaments filiform, very 
long, inserted at or below the middle of the corolla-tube. Ovary 
2-celled, or falsely 4-celled; style filiform; stigma slightly 2-lobed. 
Capsule 4-valved from the top, or bursting irregularly. 


t. D.meteloides DC. Dunal DC. Prodr. 13,1:544 (1852). 


Perennial, pale, being coated with a very minute and soft whitish 
pubescence, from 3.3-12.2dm. high: leaves mostly only repand or 
entire: calyx 3 and corolla 17-20cm. long; the latter white or suf- 
fused with violet, the widely expanded border with 5 (not 10) slender- 


= ws e 
Fiora OF SANTA CaTALina IsLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 219 


subulate conspicuous teeth: capsule 5 cm. in diameter, thickly beset 
with short and weak equal prickles: seeds bordered by a narrow and 
uniform cord-like margin. 


On lowland flats at the mouths of the larger canyons. June. Avalon Val- 
ley, Brandegee, Carlson; Rock Spring Canyon, Nuttall 347. BELL FLOWER. 


4. NICOTIANA Linn. 


Viscid-pubescent narcotic herbs or shrubs, with large alternate 
entire or slightly undulate leaves, and white, yellow, greenish or 
purplish flowers, in terminal racemes or panicles. Calyx tubular- 
campanulate or ovoid, 5-cleft. Corolla-tube usually longer than the 
limb, 5-lobed; the lobes spreading. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube 
of the corolla; filaments filiform; anther-sacs longitudinally dehiscent. 
Ovary 2-celled (rarely 4-celled); style slender; stigma capitate. 
Capsule 2-valved, or sometimes 4-valved at the summit. Seeds 
numerous, small. 


Herb, viscid pubescent. 1. Bigelovii. 
Tree, glaucous. 2. glauca. 


1. N. Bigelovii Wats. Bot. Calif.1:546 (1876). 


Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate (10-15 cm. long, or the upper- 
most smaller), only the lower ones petioled; some of the upper often 
with broader and partly clasping base: flowers scattered: teeth of 
the calyx linear-lanceolate and surpassing the ovate 4-valved capsule: 
corolla nearly salverform, with tube 3.8cm. long, and a 5-cleft border 
of 2.6cm. or more in diameter, its lobes triangular and acute. 

In loam and silt, infrequent. May to June. Brandegcee (as N. Clevelandt) ; 


Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5064; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 109. WILD 
TOBACCO. 


2. N. glauca Grah. Edin. N. Phil. Jour. Apr.-June 175 (1828). 


Soft-woody evergreen shrub 1.8-4.5m. high, very slender and 
loosely branching, with glabrous and glaucous herbage; leaves ovate, 
entire, 20cm. long, on petioles 10cm. long; uppermost leaves 
reduced, ovate to oblong; flowers in terminal panicles; calyx un- 
equally 5-toothed, 3.8cm. long; corolla 3.8cm. long, its tube dilated 
above summit of the calyx, the stamens inserted at this point; throat 
of corolla constricted just below the short shallowly 5 (occasionally 4) 
-lobed limb; anthers and stigma in throat of corolla; ovary seated on 
a yellowish disk; capsule oblong, 12.7 mm. long. 

In canyons and fringing the high ridges. Blooming throughout the year. 
Fisherman’s Cove, Trask; Avalon vicinity, common, Macbride & Payson 845, 
Pendleton 1390, Millsp. 4474, Nuttall 25; Summit, Smith 5016; Pebble Beach 


and Hamilton Canyons, Knopf 66, 200, 271. MEXICAN TOBACCO, TREE 
TOBACCO, INDIAN TOBACCO. 


220 Fretp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vot. V. 


Mrs. Trask found in the summer of 1806 at Fisherman’s Cove, a single 
specimen of this very troublesome weed, which now fills the level mouths of 
most all of the larger canyons in jungle-like masses; and fringes the higher 
ridges throughout the island. We learned that previous to a great conflagra- 
tion on the mainland across the channel (in about 1902), that, this tobacco was 
hardly known on the island. The fishermen say that a dense cloud of smoke 
came over the island and that two or three years afterward the plant was abund- 
ant on the highest ridges and in all the channelward canyons. 


Family 7. SCROPHULARIACEZ.* 
FIGWORT FAMILY 


Herbs, shrubs or trees, with estipulate leaves, and perfect, mostly 
complete and irregular flowers (corolla wanting in one species of 
Synthyris). Calyx inferior, persistent, 4-5-toothed, -cleft, or -divided, 
or sometimes split on the lower side, or on both sides, the lobes or seg- 
ments valvate, imbricate or distinct in the bud. Corolla gamopetalous, 
the limb 2-lipped, or nearly regular. Stamens 2, 4 or 5, didynamous, 
or nearly equal, inserted on the corolla and alternate with its lobes; 
anthers 2-celled; the sacs equal, or unequal, or sometimes confluent 
into one. Disk present or obsolete. Pistil 1, entire or 2-lobed; ovary 
superior, 2-celled, or rarely 1-celled; ovules anatropous or amphitro- 
pous, on axile placente; style slender, simple; stigma entire, 2-lobed 
or 2-lamellate. Fruit mostly capsular and septicidally or loculicidally 
dehiscent. Seeds mostly numerous; endosperm fleshy ; embryo small, 
straight or slightly curved; cotyledons little broader than the radicle. 


Leaves opposite, upper sometimes alternate: 
Corolla spurred or saccate at base: 


Corolla tube spurred. I. LINnarta. 
Corolla tube saccate: 
Palate not closing the throat. 2. GAMBELIA. 
Palate closing the throat. 3. ANTIRRHINUM. 


Corolla without spur or sac: 
Fifth stamen only a filament or scale: 


Fifth stamen a scale. 4. SCROPHULARIA. 

Fifth stamen a filament. 5. PENTSTEMON, 
Fifth stamen wanting entirely: 

Capsule opening down one side. 6. DIPLAcUS. 

Capsule opening at apex. 7. MIMULUs. 


Leaves alternate: 
Sepals united into a cleft calyx: 
Calyx 2-cleft. 8. CASTILLEJA. 
Calyx 4-cleft. 9. ORTHOCARPUS. 


1. LINARIA Hill. 


Herbs, some exotic species shrubby, with alternate leaves, or the 
lower and those of sterile shoots opposite or verticillate, the flowers in 


*By F. W. Pennell. 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 221 


terminal bracted racemes or spikes or axillary. Calyx 5-parted, the 
segments imbricated. Corolla irregular, spurred at the base, 2-lipped, 
the upper lip erect, 2-lobed, covering the lower in the bud, the lower 
spreading, 3-lobed, its base produced into a palate often nearly closing 
the throat. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending, included; filaments 
and style filiform. Capsule opening by I or more mostly 3-toothed 
pores or slits below the summit. Seeds numerous, angled or rugose. 


1. L. canadensis texana (Scheele) Pennell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 73*:502 (1922). 

Linaria texana Scheele, Linnza 21:761 (1848). 

Biennial or annual, glabrous; flowering stems erect or ascending, 
very slender, 1-8 dm. high; sterile shoots procumbent, leafy. Leaves 
linear or linear-oblong, 8-30 mm. long, entire, sessile, those of the 
sterile shoots, or some of them, usually opposite; flowers 6-8 mm. 
long, in slender racemes; pedicel appressed in fruit; calyx-segments 
lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, about as long as the capsule; spur of 
the corolla as long as the tube or longer; palate a white convex 
2-ridged projection; seeds wingless. 

Differs from the species, as here described, primarily by rough- 
ness of seeds which however varies from a few roughenings on the 
side to densely tuberculate. 

Fields and open places. March to June. Avalon, Trask; Brandegee; Eques- 
trian Trail, Nuttall 155, 492, 609; Salta Verde, Knopf 342. BLUE TOADFLAX. 


[Linaria sps. Three long, tenuous spurred linarias, a purple-, a yellow- 
and a white-flowered species have established themselves on the west slope of 
Descanso Canyon (Millsp. 4608, 4699, 4834; Davidson) escaping from cultivation 
in the grounds of the St. Catharine Hotel.] 


2. GAMBELIA Nutt. 


A spreading bush, with verticillate, entire, coriaceous leaves, and 
axillary and terminal conspicuous scarlet flowers. Allied to Galvezia, 
but with a prominent palate and a saccate spur at the base of the 
corolla. Calyx 5-parted, nearly equal. Corolla hypogynous, the tube 
cylindrical, saccate at the base, orifice narrowly pervious, the border 
bilabiate, the palate rather prominent, smooth, upper lip erect; the 
lower spreading, all the segments nearly equal and oblong. Stamens 
four, arising from the base of the corolla tube, included, didynamous : 
no sterile filament: anthers bilocular, oblong. Ovary bilocular, with 
many ovules, seated upon a glandular torus. Style simple, clavate, 
entire. Capsule subglobose, 2-celled, opening below the summit by 
two or three irregular apertures. Seed (not seen). 


222 Fretp Museum or NAturaL History—Botany, Vou. V. 


1. G. speciosa Nutt. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. ns. 1:149 (1848). 
Antirrhinum speciosum Gray Am. Jour. Sci. 7:376 (1867). 


Characters of the genus as above. Seeds pyriform, apiculate, 
dark-brown, 2.5x1.5mm., sharply and interruptedly anastomose- 
ridged. 

Wooded hillsides and cliffs. March to June. Gambel type (labelled “Cata- 
lina, T. Nuttall”, in Herb. Phila. Acad.) ;Lyon; Brandegee; Avalon, Trask (in 
Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; wooded hillside east of Isthmus Cove, Millsp. 4832; 
Hall 8289; Reed 2827; Moonstone Beach, Knopf 392. 


3. ANTIRRHINUM Linn. 


Herbs, with alternate leaves, or the lower and those of sterile 
shoots opposite, and red purple yellow or white flowers, in terminal 
racemes, or solitary in the upper axils. Calyx 5-parted, the segments 
imbricated. Corolla irregular, gibbous, or saccate, but not spurred, 
2-lipped, the upper lip erect, 2-lobed, the lower spreading, 3-lobed, 
its base produced into a palate nearly or quite closing the throat. 
Stamens 4, didynamous, included. Style filiform. Capsule opening 
by chinks or pores below the summit. Seeds numerous, not winged. 


Herbage glabrous. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Pedi- 

cels 40-60 mm. long, flexuous. Corolla 15 mm. 

long. Sepals uniform and capsule symmetrical. 1. Hookerianum. 
Herbage pubescent. Leaves ovate to orbicular- 

ovate. Pedicels less than 20 mm. long. Pos- 

terior sepals longer, and capsule oblique. 2. Nuttallianum. 


t. A. Hookerianum Millsp. comb. now. 
Maurandya stricta Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 375 ( : 
Antirrhinum strictum A. Gray, Proc. Am, Acad. 7:375 (1868) 
non Sibth. & Sm. (1825). ; 


Erect, nearly simple, 3-6dm. high, somewhat pubescent below: 
lower leaves lanceolate, the upper linear, and the upper floral ones 
filiform; the latter much shorter than the tortuous racemose pedun- 
cles: corolla violet-purple, 12.7mm. long, gibbous at base; the palate 
hairy; capsule crustaceous, tipped with a straight style of equal 
length. 

Open bare or grassy places. April to June. Vicinity of Avalon, Trask; 


Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 247; mouth of Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 132, and 
Moonstone Beach 382. 


2. A.Nuttallianum Bth. DC. Prodr.10:592 (1846). 


Viscidly soft-pubescent, or below glabrous, at length 3.3-6.8 dm. 
high and diffusely much branched; the tortile branchlets few or more 
leaf-bearing than in the preceding: leaves ovate or the lowest slightly 
cordate (2.6 cm. long), those of the branchlets gradually much dimin- 
ished and nearly sessile: some of the lower peduncles longer than the 


Lora OF SANTA CATALINA [SLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 223 


flowers, often tortile: sepals ovate or oblong, shorter than (or the 
broader upper one almost equaling) the tube of the corolla; this 
4.2-6.3mm. long, merely gibbous at base: capsule oblong: seeds 
sharply and strongly ribbed. 

Shaded slopes. March to July. Lyon; sea cliffs east of Avalon, Trask, 
Pendleton 1401, Reed 2838, Brandegee Schuimacker (as A. subsessile), Nuttall 


697; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5084; near the summit of the Equestrian Trail, 
Nuttall 240, 491. SNAPDRAGON. 


4. SCROPHULARIA Linn. 


Perennial strong-smelling herbs, some exotic species shrubby, with 
mostly opposite leaves, and small purple greenish or yellow proterogy- 
nous flowers, in terminal panicled cymes or thyrses. Calyx 5-parted 
or 5-cleft, the segments or lobes mostly obtuse. Corolla irregular, the 
tube globose to oblong, not gibbous nor spurred, the limb 5-lobed, the 
2 upper lobes longer, erect, the lateral ones ascending, the lower 
spreading or reflexed. Stamens 5, 4 of them anther-bearing and 
didynamous, declined; their anther-sacs confluent into one, the fifth 
sterile, reduced to a scale on the roof of the corolla-tube. Style fili- 
form; stigma capitate or truncate. Capsule ovoid, septicidally dehi- 
scent. Seeds rugose, not winged. 


1. §. villosa Pennell sp. nov. 


Caulis 12-18 (-36) dm. altus, simplex vel superne ramosus. Folio- 
rum laminz usque ad 1I0-15cm. long, acuminate, dentibus acutis 
triangularibus dupliciter serrate, truncate ad subcordatz et 8-12 cm. 
late ad. basim, in petiolis 3-5cm. longis. Inflorescentia angusta 
elongata paniculata, ramis (ut caulis apice, petiolis et calycibus) 
villosis, pilis tenuibus albis et glandulo atro coronatis. Sepala 2-3 mm. 
longa, ovata, acuta. Corolla 8-1omm. longa, intense rubro-badia, 
segmentis duobus posterioribus ad intra circ. I mm. ab apice adnatis, 
emarginatione sinuum anteriorum in altitudine circ. 2/3 corolla posita ; 
totis segmentis angustis et corolla in partem distantem manifeste an- 
gustata. Anthere exserte in filamentis quam corolle tubo longiori- 
bus; filamento posteriore obsoleto vel tantummodo termino minuto 
libero vasculari. Capsula brunnea, perspicue acuminata, plerumque 
5-9 mm, longa. Semina 4-6mm. longa. 

To be distinguished from S. californica Cham. of the mainland 
by the following contrast : 


S. californica Pubescence consisting of minuate gland- 
tipped hairs. Inflorescence reaching 8-15 cm. wide, its 
primary branches at least 30 mm. long. Corolla red- 
dish-brown, the anterior lobes deflexing from a point 
less than one half the length of the corolla, Posterior 
filament a scale as wide or wider than long. 


224 Frerp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vo. V. 


S. villosa Pubescence consisting of slender gland-tipped 
hairs. Inflorescence reaching 5-8 cm. wide, its primary 
branches less than 30 mm. long. Corolla deep maroon, 
the anterior lobes deflexing from a point about two- 
thirds the total length of the corolla. Posterior filament 
obsolete or only a minute awn-like projection. 

In the bottoms of canyons. January to June. Lyon; Brandegee; Trask; 
Grant 1186; Eastwood 6481; Pebble Beach Canyon, Mosley 731; Knopf 182. 
Boughton; foot of the Equestrian Tral, Millsp. 4558, Nuttall 162 (type), 696. 
FIGWORT. ; : 

Previously reported by all collectors as S. californica. Brandegee says 
(Zoe 1:112): “Seems quite different from the well-known mainland form on 
account of the development of long, spreading, white hairs, especially abundant 
on the panicle, giving it a really handsome appearance.” Mrs. Trask says 
(Erythea 7:140)': ‘“‘Beset with long glistening hairs. Its virgate flowering 
branches are two feet long and rise from four to six feet above one’s head.” 
The authors noted that the inflorescence glistened like glass, or as if covered 
with hoarfrost; or, as Mrs. Trask appends to her label, “like silver candelabra.” 


5. PENTSTEMON Schmid. 


Perennial herbs, mostly branched from the base only, with opposite 
or rarely verticillate leaves, or the upper occasionally alternate, and 
large, blue purple red or white flowers, in terminal thyrses, panicles, 
or racemes. Calyx 5-parted, the segments imbricated. Corolla irreg- 
ular, the tube elongated, more or less enlarged above, the limb 
2-lipped; upper lip 2-lobed; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 5, included, 
4 of them antheriferous and didynamous, the first sterile, as long as or 
shorter than the others; anther-sacs divergent or connivent. Style 
filiform; stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid, oblong, or globose, septici- 
dally dehiscent. Seeds, numerous, wingless. 


1. P.cordifolius Bth. Scroph. Ind. Introd.7 (1835). 


Scrambling over bushes by long sarmentose branches 6-15 dm. in 
height, scabrous-puberulent, very leafy: leaves somewhat cordate, or 
some ovate with a truncate base, mostly acute and serrate or denticu- 
late with sharp salient teeth: the veins impressed on the upper and 
prominent on the lower face: flowers in a somewhat leafy panicle; 
peduncles divaricate: calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate: corolla scarlet (3.8 
cm. long, the upper lip over 12 mm.). 

Open washes and canyon beds. February to July. Lyon; Wallace; Trask; 
Brandegee; Avalon Valley, Eastwood 6483, Pendleton 1435, Reed 2830, Heller 
8951, Millsp. 4651; Rock Spring Canyon, Smith 5103; Big Wash Canyon and 
Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 875, 44; Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 779. CORAL 
VINE, CORAL STRING. 


6. DIPLACUS Nutt. 
Low evergreen glutinous shrubs, with opposite leaves which are 


oe, ee ee 


FLorRA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspaucH & NuTTALL 225 


revolute in the bud, and large red, orange or salmon-colored flowers, 
solitary in the axils. Calyx tubular, 5-angled and 5-toothed, Corolla 
with funnelform tube and rather broad bilabiate limb. Stamens 4. 
Stigma of 2 flat lobes closing together when irritated. Capsule firm, 
coriaceous, opening down the upper suture only, the valves spreading 
out nearly flat. 


1. D. linearis (Bth.) Greene, Pitton.2:156 (1890). 
Mimulus linearis Bth. Scroph. Ind. Introd. 27 (1835). 


Shrubby, 6-18 dm. high, nearly glabrous or minutely pubescent: 
leaves from narrowly oblong to linear-lanceolate or linear, and from 
minutely dentate to nearly entire (2-10 cm. long), the margins inclined 
to be revolute: peduncles in the axils of the leaves, either a little or 
much shorter than the narrow prismatic calyx: corolla 3-5 cm. long, in 
the typical form buff or salmon-color; other races red, red-brown, 
scarlet, orange, or deep maroon; the lobes either erose-toothed or 
emarginate. 

Apparently a polymorphous species of many races; here understood to 
include D. puniceus Nutt. and perhaps not specifically distinct from the broader-, 
usually serrate-leaved D. glutinosus (Wendl.) Nutt. of the mainland. 

Canyons and washes. Blooms throughout the year. Avalon Valley, Lyon, 
Trask, Brandegee (as Mimulus glutinosus), Pendleton 1360, Reed 2816, Fisher, 
Carlson, Smith 5012, Hasse, Rusby, Toumey, Moxley 604, Millsp. 4546; Rock 
Spring Canyon, Golf Links Canyon and Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 124, 79, 1008; 
Descanso Canyon, Millsp. 4499; Summit, alt. 1300 feet, Nuttall 320; Silver Can- 
yon, Smith 5107; Middle Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 301; Echo Lake, Knopf 52. 
STICKY MONKEY FLOWER. 


7. MIMULUS Linn. 


Herbs, with opposite leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncled, 
pink, violet, or yellow. Calyx prismatic, 5-angled, 5-toothed. Corolla 
irregular, its tube cylindric with a pair of ridges on the lower side 
within, its limb 2-lipped; upper lip 2-lobed; lower lip spreading, 3- 
lobed, the lobes rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous; anther-sacs diver- 
gent, or sometimes confluent at the summit. Style filiform; stigma 2- 
lamellate. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent, many-seeded, enclosed by 
the calyx. 


Corolla yellow: 
Calyx-lobes uniform. Corolla 9-14 mm. long. 


Stem hirsute. ‘ I. floribundus. 
Calyx-lobes unequal, the posterior longest. Corolla 
25-30mm. long. Stem glabrous. 2. guttatus. 


Corolla red: 
Corolla 40-50 mm. long, anthers villous. Leaves sessile, 
serrate. 3. cardinalis. 
Corolla 15-20 mm. long, anthers glabrous. 
Leaves petiolate, entire or minutely toothed. 4. Traskiae. 


226 Frecp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vou. V. 


1. M. floribundus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13.t. 1125 (1827). 


Annual, erect or with numerous ascending branches, 22-44 cm. 
high, flowering from the base: leaves ovate (12-20.6 mm. long), the 
lower slightly cordate: upper peduncles longer than the leaves: calyx 
short-campanulate, becoming ovate in fruit (barely 6mm. long); the 
teeth short, equal, broadly triangular: corolla 7-14 mm. long: capsule 
globose-ovate, obtuse. 

Rich, damp, shady places. May to July. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee (list) ; 
oe of Left Fork of Gallagher’s Canyon, Nuttall 843. MUSK MONKEY 


2. M. guttatus DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp.127 (1813). 


Erect or diffuse, from a fibrous annual root, and commonly 
perennial by short stolons, glabrous or merely puberulent ; the ordinary 
erect form 3.3-12.2 dm. high: leaves ovate, oval or roundish, some- 
times cordate, several-nerved from base and near it, sharply and 
irregularly dentate, or the lower occasionally lyrate-laciniate; the 
upper sessile; the floral becoming small and bract-like, often connate: 
peduncles becoming racemose, equalling or shorter than the flower: 
calyx becoming ovate-inflated in fruit and the upper tooth conspicu- 
ously largest: corolla from 6.3-19mm. long, yellow, often dotted 
within and sometimes blotched with brown-red or purple. 


Moist, shady places. May to June. Lyon; Trask (as M. luteus); Brande- 
gee (M. luteus and nastus). YELLOW MONKEY FLOWER. 


3. M.cardinalis Doug!. Bth. Scroph. Ind. Introd. 28 (1835). 
Mimulus cardinalis griseus Greene, Leaflets 2:2 (1909). 


Villous with viscid hairs: leaves ovate and the upper often con- . 


nate, the lower commonly obovate-lanceolate, all erosely dentate: 
corolla scarlet, 3-5 cm. long, with tube cylindrical hardly exceeding the 
calyx; the limb remarkably oblique, the upper lip nearly erect with 
the lobes turned back, the lower reflexed: stamens projecting. 

In wet muck along shady canyon streams. March to June. Lyon; Bran- 
degee; Rock Springs Canyon, Trask, Carlson, Grant & Wheeler 787/6143, 
Smith 5100, Millsp. 4765, Nuttall 123, Knopf 136; Hamilton Canyon, Nutiall 
698; Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6475 (as M. cardinalis critens). CRIMSON 
MONKEY FLOWER, RED MONKEY FLOWER, ORANGE MONKEY 
FLOWER. 


4. M. Traskiz Grant. sp. nov. 


Caules glanduloso-pubescentes, 10-14cm. alti, simplices; foltis 
paucis, late ovatis, fere glabris, 30-40mm. longis, 12-20 mm. latis, 
imis ad petiolum brevem angustatis, superioribus fere sessilibus; pedi- 
cellis angustis, 3-4mm. longis; calyce anguste oblongo, 17-20 mm. 
longo, glanduloso-pubescenti, tubo membranaceo, guttere se exten- 
dente, dentibus longo-oyatis, superioribus incurvatis et quam altis 
saltem bis longis; corolla rubro-purpurea et alba, 21-27 mm. longa, 


FLORA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 227 


tubo gracili quam dente summo calycis paulum longiore et sextuplo- 
octuplo longo quam gutture brevi infundibuliformique ; labris inzequal- 
ibus, inferiore rubro-purpureo cum 3 lobis minimis rotundatis 2 mm. 
longis, superiore albo cum lobis latis erectis 10 mm. longis; stylo stam- 
inum jugum superius equante, piloso; stigmatis labris inequalibus, 
superioribus ovato-acutis, inferioribus triangularibus et non dimidio 
tantum longis; capsula 8 mm, longa, tardo dehiscente ; seminibus non 
vidi. 

Known only from the type locality near Avalon. In shade, Mar. 1901, 


Blanche Trask (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. No. 99805); U. S. Natl. Herb and Herb. 
N. Y¥. Bot. Gard. 


8. CASTILLEJA Mutis. 


Herbs, sometimes partially parasitic on the roots of other plants, 
with alternate leaves; flowers in dense leafy-bracted ‘spikes, the 
bracts often brightly colored and larger than the flowers. Calyx tub- 
ular, laterally compressed, cleft at the summit on the upper side, or 
also on the lower. Corolla very irregular, its tube not longer than the 
calyx, its limb 2-lipped; upper lip (galea) arched, elongated, laterally 
compressed, entire, enclosing the 4 didynamous stamens; lower lip 
short, 3-lobed. Anther-sacs unequal, the outer one attached to the 
filament by its middle, the inner one pendulous from its apex. Style 
filiform. Capsule loculicidally dehiscent, many-seeded. Seeds reticu- 
lated. 


Corolla 20-40 mm. long. Sepals distinct laterally near 

apex. Leaves relatively long, and plant slightly 

to moderately soft-pubescent. 1. Douglasii. 
Corolla 12-15mm. long. Sepals united laterally to 

apex. Leaves only 1-2 cm. long, and plant 

densely woolly-pubescent. 2. foliolosa. 


1. C. Douglasii Bth. DC. Prodr.10:530 (1846). 


Pubescent: stem strict and mostly simple, 3 dm.-1 m. high: flow- 
ers scattered or the upper crowded in the leafy spike, curving: calyx 
and the upper bracts tinged with red, bracts and calyx distally scarlet- 
red varying to salmon and yellow: corolla 20-40 mm. long, yellowish, 
or the tip reddish, surpassing the calyx; lower lip very short but pro- 
tuberant, its callous oblong teeth rather shorter than the keels beneath 
them, the upper lip almost as long as the tube. 


Grassy canyon sides. February to May. Dall & Baker; Lyon; Trask; 
Brandegee (as parviflora); Avalon Valley, Smith 4977, 5010, Millsp. 4516, 4650, 
Nuttall 1042, Knopf 11, 12; Pebble Beach Road, Millsp. 4927, Knopf 20; Pebble 
Beach Canyon, Nuttall 275; Rock Spring Canyon, Millsp. 4712; Schoolhouse 
Mountain, Nuttall 8; Gallagher’s Canyon, Millsp. 4875; White’s Valley, ridge 
trail to Black Jack, Knopf 76; Isthmus, Millsp. 4926 and Fisherman’s Cove 4781; 
Middle Ranch Canyon, Knopf 371. PAINT CUP. 

Perhaps this should be known as C. affinis Hook & Arn., 1833, a name con- 
cerning the application of which there is some uncertainty. 


228 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vot. V. 


2. C. foliolosa H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 154 (1833). 

Woody, from 6.8-9.1 dm. high, white tomentose, stem shrubby, 
branching; leaves close together, the inferior linear-obtuse, the super- 
ior and floral divaricately-tripartite, rarely entire; flowers subsessile ; 
calyx floriferous, tubular, the anterior and posterior divisions slightly 
lobed, emarginate; corolla shorter than the calyx tube. Bracts and 
calyx distally red. 


Dry, sterile, open places. February to July. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee; 
Avalon Valley, Macbride & Payson 859, Millsp. 4649, Nuttall 105; Pebble Beach 
Road, Smith 5056; Lookout Point, Nuttall 84z. PAINT BRUSH. 


9. ORTHOCARPUS Nutt. 


Herbs, mostly with alternate leaves, and yellow white or purplish 
flowers, in bracted spikes. Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, 4- 
cleft, or sometimes split down both sides. Corolla irregular, the tube 
slender, the limb 2-lipped ; upper lip little if any longer than the 3-lobed 
1-3-saccate lower one. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the 
upper lip; anther-sacs dissimilar, the outer one affixed by its middle, 
the inner pendulous from its upper end, commonly smaller. Style 
filiform; stigma entire. Capsule oblong, loculicidally dehiscent, many- 
seeded. Seeds reticulated. 


y. O.purpurascens Bth. Scroph. Ind. Introd.13 (1835). 


Annual, erect, rather stout, at length much branched from the 
base, 1.5-5 dm. high, villous-pubescent; leaves with lanceolate base or 
body, and laciniately 1-2-pinnately parted into narrow linear or fili- 
form lobes, or the upper palmately cleft; spike thick and dense ; bracts 
equaling the flowers, somewhat dilated, their lobes violet-purple, as 
are also the calyx and corolla; corolla 2.5-3 cm. long, the lip moder- 
ately saccate, white-tipped, with yellow and purple markings; galea 
densely purple-bearded on the back, incurved at tip; filaments hairy. 

Grassy canyon sides and hillsides. March to May. Trask; Brandegee; 


Avalon Valley east slope, Smith 5008; western slope of Mount Martha, Millsp. 
4848; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 11; White’s Landing, ridge trail to Echo 


Lake, Kuopf 62, 63; very tall and profuse specimens from Cottonwood Canyon, 


Knopf 400. OWL CLOVER. 
Pure albino forms often found among the purple flowered plants. 


Family 8. BORAGINACEZ:.* 
BORAGE FAMILY 


Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or verticillate, 
estipulate, mostly entire and hispid, pubescent, scabrous or setose. 


*Specific determinations by J. Francis Macbride. 
\ 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 229 


Flowers perfect, usually regular, in one-sided scorpioid spikes, racemes, 
cymes, or sometimes scattered. Calyx inferior, mostly 5-lobed, 5-cleft, 
or 5-parted, usually persistent. Corolla gamopetalous, mostly regular 
and 5-lobed, rarely irregular. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes 
and alternate with them, inserted on the tube or throat; anthers 2- 
celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Disk commonly inconspicuous. 
Ovary superior, of 2, 2-ovuled carpels, entire, or the carpels commonly 
deeply 2-lobed, making it appear as of 4, I-ovuled carpels; style simple, 
entire or 2-cleft; ovules anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit mostly of 
4, I-seeded nutlets, or 2, 2-seeded carpels. Endosperm fleshy, 
copius, or none; cotyledons mostly flat or plano-convex; radicle 
short. 


Ovary not lobed, glabrous perennials. 1. HELIoTROPIUM. 
Ovary 2-lobed. 2. HARPAGONELLA. 
Ovary 4-lobed, hispid or pubescent annuals: 

Flowers white: 


Nutlets divergent, wing-margined. 3. PECTOCARYA, 
Nutlets erect: 
Scar rounded. 4. PLAGIOBOTHRYS. 
Scar linear. 5. CRYPTANTHA, 
Flowers yellow. 6. AMSINCKIA. 


1. HELIOTROPIUM Linn. 


Herbs or shrubs with alternate mostly entire leaves and small blue 
or white flowers in scorpioid spikes, or scattered. Calyx-lobes or seg- 
ments lanceolate, ovate, or linear. Corolla salverform or funnelform, 
naked in the throat, its tube cylindric, its lobes imbricated, plicate or 
induplicate in the bud. Stamens included; filaments short, or none. 
Stigma conic or annular. Fruit 2-4-lobed, separating into 4, 1-seeded 
nutlets, or into 2, 2-seeded carpels. 


1. H.chenopodioides Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol.175 (1809). 
Heliotropium oculatum Heller. Muhl. 1:58 (1904). 


A succulent and brittle herb with creeping rootstock; smooth, 
glaucous. Stems decumbent 2-6dm. Flowering branches erect or 
inclined. Leaves 1 cm. broad, alternate, sessile, spatulate, smooth and 
glaucous, wavy margined. Inflorescence terminal, scorpioid branches 2 
or 3, 0.5-1 dm. or more long. Flowers in 2 rows, alternate, purplish 
with a purple eye; calyx lobes 5, short, acuminate, enclosing the fruit ; 
corolla about 4mm. diameter, 5-lobed, short and openly campanulate, 
persistent. Stamens 5, attached low, subulate; stigma short, conic. 
Nutlets 1.5-2 mm. long, no scar, nervose, suture enlarged. 

Saline mud or muck. June to September. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee; (all 
as H. curassavicum L.). Muddy shores of Catalina Harbor, Pendleton 1430; 
on bank of creek northwest beach of Little Harbor and silt near the sea shore 


BV Ciel ad Nuttall 817, 807. WILD HELIOTROPE. SEASIDE HELIO- 


230 «Fierp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V. 


2. HARPAGONELLA Gray. 


Calyx irregular; three of the sepals distinct nearly to the base, 
two united to near the middle. Corolla almost rotate, hardly surpassing 
the calyx; the throat with obtuse crests; the roundish lobes imbricated 
in the bud. Style short: stigma somewhat capitate. Divisions of the 
ovary globular, attached by the base to a nearly flat receptacle, two of 
them apparently always abortive. Ovule nearly erect, anatropous, the 
orifice inferior. Nutlets mostly 2, collateral, oblong, coriaceous, per- 
fectly smooth, obliquely fixed by the base; one of them naked, ascend- 
ing, and usually if not always infertile; the other larger and completely 
invested by the two united lobes of the now very oblique calyx, in the 
form of a bur (somewhat resembling that of a small Franseria), being 
sparsely beset with 7-9 long and diverging soft spines, which are armed 
with short hook-tipped bristles. Radicle inferior or centripetal. A little 
herb with the aspect of Pectocarya. 


1. H. Palmeri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.11:88 (1875). 


Diffuse and slender annual, 22 cm. high, minutely strigose-hirsute : 
leaves linear-lanceolate: flowers very small, lateral at all the nodes, on 
short at length deflexed peduncles: corolla white, minute: spines of the 
fruiting calyx as long as the bur-like body; the 3 free calyx-lobes 
small and rather remote. 


Dry, exposed situations. April to May. Grant & Wheeler 540. The only 
collection to date. Not found elsewhere in California. 


3. PECTOCARYA DC. 


Calyx 5-parted, persistent, spreading. Corolla very small, salver- 
form or funnelform, with crests in the throat. Stamens and very 
short style included. Nutlets widely spreading in pairs, horizontal, 
oblong or almost linear, surrounded by a more or less incurved wing- 
like border, which is sometimes deeply cut into stout bristle-bearing 
teeth, or is more or less beset with stiff bristles or slender prickles, the 
tips of which are simply hooked. Gynobase very short. Radicle of the 
embryo centripetal, i.e. pointing to the gynobase. Low and insignificant 
slender annuals, diffusely branching; with hoary strigose-hirsute 
pubescence, narrow linear leaves (barely 1 mm. wide), and very small 
lateral flowers scattered along the branches, on very short peduncles: 
corolla white. 


Nutlets uncinate-bristled on wings. I. linearis. 
Nutlets uncinate at tip only. 2. pencillata. 


———————————— lc 


a ee, eae 


—— 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA IsSLAND—MILtspaucH & NUTTALL 231 


1. P. linearis (R.& P.) DC. Prodr.10:120 (1846). 
Cynoglossum lineare Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Peru 2:6 (1799). 


Stems slender, diffusely branched from the base, decumbent or 
ascending, canescent throughout with appressed hairs, the leaves with 
spreading hairs; nutlets oblong, 4mm. long, becoming recurved, the 
winged margins toothed, the teeth ending in an uncinate bristle, the 
apex thickly beset with slender uncinate bristles. 


Dry, open hillsides and ridges. March to July. Trask “abundant”; Brand- 
egee; Grant 913; Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 1409; along the Coach Road 
from Howland’s to Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4820; Schoolhouse Mountain and at 
the lower end of the Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 28, 237. 


2. P.pencillata (H.& A.) ADC. Prodr.10:120 (1846). 
Cynoglossum pencillatum H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 371 (1841). 


Plants very slender: nutlets little over 2.1 mm. long, with narrow 
and entire or rarely few-toothed wing, the apex thickly beset with 
hooked bristles, the sides more or less incurved and naked or sometimes 
bearing a few scattered bristles. 


__ Dry, exposed situations. April to May. The only collection from the 
island that we have seen of this small and inconspicuous plant is that of Geo. 
B. Grant, in June, 1902. 


4. PLAGIOBOTHRYS F. & M. 


Low, commonly diffuse annuals, with small and short-pedicellate 
or subsessile flowers; the short corolla white: nutlets rugose or rough- 
ened, rarely smooth, ventrally carinate above the insertion, which is 
median or supra-basal, or rarely supra-median, only one or two com- 
monly maturing, and then succumbent-horizontal upon the globular or 
depressed gynobase, tardily detached, leaving a kind of caruncle at the 
insertion (either projecting and solid or else annular and hollow), and 
corresponding depressed concavities on the gynobase. 


Nutlets not stipitate: 


Calyx cleft nearly to base. I. canescens. 
Calyx cleft only to middle. 2. arizonicus. 
Nutlets stipitate. 3. Cooperi. 


1. P.canescens Benth. Pl. Hartweg. 326 (1839). 


Villous-pubescent and somewhat cinereous or canescent, especially 
the calyx, which when young may be fulvous or even somewhat rufe- 
scent: this 4.2-6.3 mm. long in fruit, loosely erect or sometimes more 
open and accrescent, persistent, rarely disposed to be circumscissile at 
base: nutlets with obtuser wrinkles. 

Dry, exposed situations. April to June. The only collections of this plant 


on Catalina are those of Geo. B. Grant 907 and Grant & Wheeler 996/6159 for 
which no locality is stated on the labels. 


232 Fietp Museum or Naturav History—Botany, Vou. V. 


2. P. arizonicus (Gray) Greene, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22:284 

(1886). 

Eritrichium canescens arizonicum Gray, Proc. Am. Acad..17 :227 
(1880). 

Plagiobothrys arizonicus catalinensis Gray, Syn. Fl. Suppl. 431 
(1886). 

Plagiobothrys catalinensis Macbr., Proc. Am. Acad. 51:541 
(1911). 

Hirsute or even hispid with widely spreading hairs, not canescent : 
leaves mostly oblong-lanceolate: fructiferous calyx not over 4.2 mm. 
long, usually connivent over the acutely rugose and sparingly rough- 
ened nutlets, at length circumscissile at base. 

Dry, open situations. March to May. Lyon; Brandegece. On the Golf 
Links, Nuttall 1167; Salta Verde, Knopf 330. POPCORN FLOWER. 

In the light of further material, the differences between this insular form 


and those of the mainland, prove so slight that the plants may well be consid- 
ered simply races of the species——Macbride. 


3. P.Cooperi Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22:285 (1886). 


Diffusely branched from the base, with sparsely-leaved ascending 
flowering stems 2-3 dm. long, more slender, hispidulous: leaves spatu- 
late-linear to oblong-lanceolate: spikes at length sparsely flowered, 


sparingly bracteate or bractless above: corolla more conspicuous, with 


limb 4.2-6.3 mm. broad: nutlets more trigonous and reticulate-rugose, 
dentate-muriculate on the reticulations: caruncle more stalk-like and 
porrect. 


Open, ‘“‘dobe” soil. February to April. Mrs. Trask (as Ervitrichium sp. and 
“Ham Spring No. 1”); on the Golf Links, aN 4720. 


5. CRYPTANTHA Lehm. 
(CRYPTANTHE.) 


Annual caulescent herbs, with pubescent foliage. Leaves alter- 
nate: blades narrow, entire. Flowers in narrow scorpioid spikes or 


racemes. Calyx-lobes 5, erect, usually converging at maturity. Corolla’ 


white, funnelform, the tube usually closed by 5 scales in the throat; 
lobes 5, imbricated. Stamens 5, included: filaments short. Ovary of 4 
nearly distinct carpels. Fruit of 4 nutlets with rounded backs and 
obtuse, acute, or winged margins, laterally attached to the receptacle. 
Nutlets muriculate : 
One nearly smooth and larger. I. micromeres. 
All alike. 2. intermedia. 


Nutlets smooth and shining: 
Nutlet 1, or rarely 2: 


Groove divaricately forked at base. 3. microstachys. 
Groove but slightly forked at base. 4. ramosissima. 
Nutlets 4. 5. leiocarpa. 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MIL.tspauGH & NUTTALL 233 


1. C.micromeres (Gray) Greene, Pittoniar:113 (1887). 
Krynitzkia micromeres Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20:274 (1884). 


Slender and diffusely branched, less than 3.3 dm. high: leaves 6.3- 
12.7mm. long: spikes filiform, simple or occasionally in pairs: flowers 
minute: fructiferous calyx 1-2mm. long: nutlets ovate-trigonous, 
acutish, rather shining, but muriculate-scabrous on the back, lateral 
angles acute, and inner faces commonly concave; ventral groove 
abruptly dilated below. 


Open situations on dry hillsides. March to May. “Ham Spring No. 2,” 
Trask; on freshly turned soil half way up the Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 156. 


2. C.intermedia (Gray) Greene, loc. cit. 114: 
Krymitzkia intermedia Gray, loc. cit. 273. 


Resembling the last in habit; calyx-lobes 3-5 mm. long, armed with 
rather rigid and pungent, whitish or rusty-yellowish bristles; corolla 
usually less than 4mm. broad; nutlets grayish, about 2mm. long, 
oblong-ovate, thickly rough-muricate ; scar wholly or partly open, with 
an open areola. 

Dry, open situations. March to May. Lyon; Brandegee (as Krynitzkia 
ambigua); Grant 242; Avalon Canyon, Smith 4982; bank of the Coach Road be- 


tween Cherry Valley and Howland’s, Millsp. 4809; Coach Road upper Descanso 
Canyon, Nutiall 48; Moonstone Beach, Knopf 381. 


3. C.microstachys Greene loc. cit. 116. 
Krynitzkia microstachys Greene, Gray, loc. cit. 269. 


Rarely over 3 dm. high, spreading, hispidulous or hispid: fructifer- 
ous calyx ascending or erect but hardly appressed to the rhachis, from 
barely 2.1 mm. to nearly 4.2 mm. in length, with mostly attenuate and 
rigid sepals, hispid with widely spreading (but not deflexed) and some- 
what pungent bristles: nutlet flattened ventrally, the groove of attach- 
ment divaricately forked and somewhat open at base. 

Dry, open situations. February to July. Brandegee; Pebble Beach Road, 


Pendleton 1403, Millsp. 4744, Knopf 24, 143; Descanso Canyon, Muillsp. 4666 
and Fisherman’s Cove 4783. 


4. C.ramosissima Greene, Joc. cit. 116. 
Krynitzkia ramosissima Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 203 (1885). 


Annual, stoutish, rigid and densely paniculate-branching, up to 3.3 
dm. high: leaves linear-oblong, mostly 12.7 mm. Jong, apparently fleshy, 
and the smallest subterete, beset with a few coarse, hispid hairs: spikes 
leafy-bracted: calyx setose-hispid and more or less white-villous; nut- 
jet solitary, ovate-acuminate, brown, smooth and shining, ventral face 
flat, the groove closed and without any bifurcation, or opening at base. 
Dry, exposed situations near the sea. March to May. Lyon; Mrs. Trask 
(as C. Torreyana); Brandegee. 
Monographic treatment of this genus will, doubtless, place this insular form 


(and possibly C. cedrosensis Greene) under C. maritima Greene. The specific 
standing of C. ramosissima is questionable. 


234 Fietp Museum or Natura, History—Botany, Vou. V. 


5. C. leiocarpa (F. & M.) Greene, loc. cit. 117. 
Krynitzkia leiocarpa Fisch & Mey. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 52 (1841). 


Commonly branched from the base, 1-3 dm. high, appressed-pubes- 
cent and pilose-hispid; spikes leafy bracted, the terminal larger and 
interrupted, the lateral short and glomerate; sepals short-linear, hispid 
bristly; nutlets 4, smooth, narrowly ovate, acute, 1.5mm. long, the 
ventral groove not forked or scarcely so. 

Dry, exposed sandy situations near the coast. May to July. Our only 
specimen, somewhat doubtfully placed to this species, is Hasse 4156. It has 4 


smooth nutlets with rounded angles and a closed groove that opens at the 
base—Macbride. 


6. AMSINCKIA Lehm. 


Rough-hispid annuals with oblong or linear leaves, and scorpioid- 
spicate flowers, sometimes the lowest and rarely all leafy-bracteate; the 
corolla yellow, slender, with open throat, either wholly naked or with 
minute bearded crests. Stout bristles of the herbage commonly with 
pustulate-dilated base. Calyx-lobes in several species disposed to be 
occasionally united 2 or 3 together almost to the top. Flowers in most 
species all heterogone-dimorphous, at least in the insertion of the 
stamens ; when these are high the throat of the corolla is quite naked. 


Flowers large, well exserted from the calyx. t. Douglasiana. 
Flowers small, barely exserted from the calyx. 2. parviflora. 


1. A. Douglasiana A. DC., DC. Prodr.10:118 (1846). 


Stem erect, simple, glabrous below, softly setose-pubescent at the 
apex; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, sometimes broadened at the base, 
appressed-hispidulose when young, setose and bulbous at the base on 
the older leaves; racemes becoming elongated; calyx-lobes linear, 
obtuse, very hispid; corolla smooth, twice the length of the calyx; 
stamens included in the upper part of the corolla; plants 3.3 dm. or 
more; cauline leaves 4-8cm. long by 3.8mm. wide or even more. 
Corolla deep orange-yellow, about 8mm. long; racemes simple or 
sometimes branched, much elongated as the fruits develop; nutlets pyri- 
form, angular, pointed, honey-comb-reticulate, granular. 

Open fields and grassy or shady hillsides general. March to May. Trask; 
Brandegee ; Smith 4973; Millsp. 4616, 4700, 4725, 4754, 4796, 4890; Nuttall 46, 61; 
Knopf 1. A prevalent species quite distinct in the field but passing through a 
wide range of races variant in size of plant and breadth of leaf. The species is 


variously reported from Catalina as A. tesselata, A. intermedia, A. spectabilis 
and A. lycopsoides. 


2. A. parviflora Heller, Muhl. 2:313 (1907). 


Stems 3-5 dm. high, rather strict, hispid with straight bristle-like 
hairs as well as somewhat strigose, leafy, but the leaves rather remote, 
linear-oblong, 5-10 mm. wide, the largest 5 or 6cm. long, the shortly 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 235 


apiculate apex acute, or merely acutish in the larger ones, hispid, 
especially above, with appressed bristle-like hairs from a pustulate base, 
midvein prominent beneath: spikes dense above, loosely flowered 
below, 1 dm. long or less, but probably much elongated when in full 
fruit: flowering calyx 4mm. long, 6 or 7mm. in fruit, strigose and 
hispid like the stem, especially the tube, less so on the linear lobes, these 
Imm. wide: corollas pale yellow, small, barely exserted from the calyx, 
5 mm. long, the tube cylindrical, between 3 and 4mm. long, the lobes 
somewhat ovate, I mm. wide and only a little longer, rounded at apex: 
stamens equaling the corolla tube: pisti!l the lengh of the stamens, the 
stigma somewhat 3-lobed: nutlets 2mm. long, ovoid, curved and the 
back sharply keeled, this dotted with points, as are also the irregular 
transverse ridges, the intervening spaces with shorter points. 


Waste ground in Avalon, February 14, 1020. Millsp. 4715. A clump of 
several plants in this the only known locality on the island where it is doubtless 
introduced from the mainland. 


Family 9. VERBENACEZ. 
VERBENA FAMILY 


Herbs, shrubs or some tropical genera trees, with opposite vertici- 
late or rarely alternate leaves, and perfect irregular or sometimes reg 
ular flowers, in spikes, racemes, cymes or panicles. Calyx inferior, 
mostly persistent, usually 4-5-lobed or 4-5-cleft. Corolla regular, or 
2-lipped, the tube usually cylindric and the limb 4-5-cleft. Stamens 4, 
didynamous, rarely only 2, or as many as the corolla-lobes, inserted on 
the corolla and alternate with its lobes; anthers 2-celled, the sacs 
longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, 2-4-celled (rarely 8-10-celled), 
composed of 2 carpels, each carpel with 2 anatropous or amphitropous 
ovules, thus in 4-celled ovaries I ovule in each cavity; style terminal ; 
stigmas I to 2. Fruit dry, separating at maturity into 2-4-nutlets, or 
a drupe containing the 2-4-nutlets. Endosperm little or none, or 
rarely fleshy ; embryo straight. 


Corolla 5-lobed, nutlets 4. 1. VERBENA. 
Corolla 4-lobed, nutlets 2. 2. Lipptra. 


1. VERBENA Linn. 


Herbs with the flowers in single or panicled spikes or heads, small, 
or in some showy. The commoner species are apt to hybridize naturally, 
and the hybrids are not rarely fertile. Calyx tubular or plicately pris- 
matic, 5-toothed, one tooth often shorter. Corolla salverform; the 
tube sometimes curved; the limb more or less unequally 5-cleft. Sta- 
mens 4, included; the upper pair sometimes sterile. Stigma of two 


236 Frerp Museum or Naturart History—Botany, Vor. V. 


dissimilar lobes, one of them smaller and mostly abortive. Ovary 
4-celled, in fruit splitting into 4 one-seeded little nutlets. 


1. V.prostrata R. Br. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2,4:41 (1812). 


Soft-hirsute or villous: stems at first erect or ascending, 3-12 dm. 
high, at length widely branched and diffuse, rarely prostrate: leaves 
obovate, ovate, or oblong, with cuneate base tapering into a margined 
petiole, sharply serrate, incised, or 3-5-cleft: spikes solitary or panicled, 
rather slender but dense when in flower, becoming 10-27 cm. long, 
hirsute or villous: bracts subulate, not longer than the calyx: corolla 
violet or blue, 4.2 mm. long. 

In canyons and arroyas. June to August. Lyon; Trask; Macbride & Pay- 
son 850; vicinity of Avalon and along Pebble Beach Road, Smith 4994, 5063; 
White’s Landing, Millsp. 4588; Rock Spring Canyon and at Chicken Johnny’s 


Nuttall 125, 348; Graveyard Canyon, Pebble Bran and Pebble Beach Canyon, 
Knopf 130, 160, 246. VERVAIN. 

The specimens show many vegetative races from a single to a twenty 
branched inflorescence and a height from 1-7 feet. The specific name is unfor- 
tunate as the plants are strictly erect. 


2. LIPPIA Linn. 


Perennial herbs, or shrubs, with opposite, or rarely alternate leaves, 
and small bracted flowers, in spikes or heads. Calyx small, ovoid, cam- 
panulate or compressed and 2-winged, 2-4-toothed or 2-4-cleft. Corol- 
la-tube cylindric, the limb oblique, somewhat 2-lipped, 4-cleft. 
Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers ovate, not appendaged, the sacs nearly 
parallel. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 1 in each cavity; style short; stigma 
oblique or recurved. Fruit dry, with a membranous exocarp, at length 
separating into 4 nutlets. 


i. L.nodiflora (L.) Michx. Fl. Bor. Am.2:15 (1803). 
Verbena nodiflora Linn. Sp. Pl. 20 (1753). 


Minutely and rather densely puberulent, herbaceous, creeping, or 
the branches ascending, 3-9dm. long. Leaves thickish, spatulate, 
oblanceolate, or obovate, 1-6 cm. long, 0.6-2.5 cm. wide, inconspicuously 
veined, mostly obtuse, narrowed into a cuneate entire base, sharply 
serrate above the middle; heads at length cylindric and 1-2.5 cm. long; 
corolla purple to white, little longer than the bracts. 

In moist or silt soil, exposed situations. May to July. Ditch of Pebble 


Beach Road, Smith 5044; in a rock cleft near the Sugar Loaf, Nuttall 6o1. 
CAPEWEED. 


Family 10. LAMIACEZE. 
MINT FAMILY 


Aromatic punctate herbs, or shrubs (a few tropical species trees), 


FLORA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 237 


mostly with 4-sided stems and simple opposite leaves; stipules none. 
Flowers irregular, perfect, clustered, the inflorescence typically cymose, 
usually bracteolate. Calyx inferior, persistent, 5-toothed or 5-lobed 
(rarely 4-toothed), mostly nerved. Corolla with a short or long tube, 
the limb 4-5-lobed, mostly 2-lipped, regular in a few genera; upper lip 
2-lobed, or sometimes entire; lower lip mostly 3-lobed. Stamens borne 
on the corolla-tube, typically 4 and didynamous, sometimes 2, rarely 
equal; filaments separate, alternate with the corolla-lobes; anthers 
2-celled, introrse, or confluently 1-celled, or sometimes of a single sac. 
Disk usually present, fleshy. Ovary 4-lobed, or 4-parted, superior, each 
lobe or division with I mostly anatropous ovule; style arising from the 
centre of the lobed or parted ovary, 2-lobed at the summit. Fruit of 4, 
t-seeded nutlets. Seed erect (transverse in Scutellaria) ; endosperm 
scanty, or none; embryo mostly straight ; radicle short, inferior. 


Flowers solitary, axillary: 
Trailing herbs, flowers small. ty. MICROMERIA. 
Shrubby, flowers large. 2. SPHACELE. 
Flowers clustered in whorls or spikes: 
Calyx regular or the teeth nearly equal: 


Corolla nearly regular. 3. MENTHA. 
Corolla strongly bilabiate : 
Anther sacs parallel. 4. MarruBiIuM. 
Anther sacs divergent: 
Anther-bearing stamens 4. 5. NEPETA. 
Anther-bearing stamens 2: 
Connective transverse. 6. SALVIA. 
Connective continuous with the filament. 7. RAMoNaA. 


1. MICROMERIA Benth. 


Shrubs or perennial herbs, with entire or dentate leaves and small 
axillary clustered or solitary flowers. Calyx tubular, its tube mostly 
13-ribbed, its 5 lobes nearly equal. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip erect, 
often very small; lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe commonly emarg- 
inate. Stamens 4, converging under the upper corolla-lip; anthers 
2-celled, the sacs divergent. Ovary 4-carpellary; style basal. Nutlets 
smooth, basally attached. 


1. M.chamissonis (Benth.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 289 (1894). 
Thymus chamissonis Bth. in Linnea 6:80 (1831). 
Micromeria Douglasii Bth. Lab. 372 (1833). 


Perennial. herb, slightly pubescent, with long and slender creep- 
ing and trailing stems: leaves round-ovate, thin, sparingly toothed 
(2.6 cm. or less in diameter) short-petioled: flowers mostly solitary in 
the axils, on a long and filiform 2-bracteolate peduncle: calyx-teeth 


238 Fiectp Museum or NaturaL History—Borany, Vou. V. 


subulate: corolla purplish, 8.4 mm. long, twice the length of the calyx, 
the tube exserted. 


Moist, sandy soil in shady places. March to September. Lyon; Trask; 
Brandegee; McClatchie; Coach Road near Summit, Smith 5100; Middle Ranch 
Canyon, Nuttall 205, 892; Knopf 357. YERBA SANTA, YERBA BUENA. 

A tea made of the plant proves to be sedative especially for children. It 
also makes a pleasant and fragrant tea. 


2. SPHACELE Benth. 


Somewhat shrubby, veiny-leaved, and rather large-flowered. Calyx 
campanulate, nearly equally 5-cleft, thin-membranaceous and reticu- 
lated, especially when enlarged in fruit, irregularly about 10-nerved, 
naked within. Corolla cylindraceous or oblong-campanulate, with 5 
broad and roundish rather erect lobes, the lower one longest: a hairy 
ring at the base of the tube within. Stamens 4, distant, somewhat 
ascending: filaments naked; the posterior pair shorter: anther-cells 
diverging. 


1. §.fragrans Greene, Pitton.1:38 (1887). 
S. caylcina Wallacei Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, 1:365 (1878). 


Shrub 18.3 dm. high: leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, coarsely and 
irregularly dentate, hastate at base, 5.1-10.1 cm. long, of thin texture, 
loosely white-woolly beneath, glabrate above, not resinous, agreeably 
aromatic: calyx open-campanulate, more than 2.6cm. long, its lobes 
triangular-lanceolate, as long as the tube: nutlets large, glabrous: 
corolla not seen. 


Dry, exposed places. June to September. Wallace; Trask (“Rare. Found 
in volcanic region”) ; side of a wash in Middle Ranch Canyon, McClatchie; dry 
creek bed among pebbles in silt above the buildings at Middle Ranch, Nuttall 
891. PITCHER SAGE. 


3. MENTHA Linn. 


Erect or diffuse odorous herbs, with simple sessile or petioled 
mostly punctate leaves, and small whorled purple pink or white flowers, 
the whorls axillary or in terminal dense or interrupted spikes. Calyx 
campanulate to tubular, 10-nerved, regular, or slightly 2-lipped, 5- 
toothed. Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx, the limb 4-cleft, some- 
what irregular, the posterior lobe usually somewhat broader than the 
others, entire or emarginate. Stamens 4, equal, erect, included or ex- 
serted, sometimes imperfect; filaments glabrous; anthers 2-celled, the 


sacs parallel. Ovary 4-parted; style 2-cleft at the summit. Nutlets - 


ovoid, smooth. 


FiLorA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILtspauGH & NUTTALL 239 


1. M.piperita L.Sp. Pl.576 (1753). 


Perennial by subterranean suckers; stems glabrous, mostly erect, 
branched, 3.3-9.1dm. high. Leaves lanceolate, petioled, dark green, 
acute at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, rather firm, sharply 
serrate, glabrous on both sides, or pubescent on the veins beneath and 
resin-dotted, the larger 3.8-7.6cm. long, 2.6-3.8cm. wide; whorls of 
flowers in terminal dense or interrupted spikes, which are thick and 
obtuse, and become 2.6-7.6 cm. long in fruit, the middle one at length 
overtopped by the lateral ones; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, not longer 
than the flowers, or the lower occasionally foliaceous; calyx tubular- 
campanulate, glabrous below, its teeth subulate, ciliate, one-half as long 
as the tube or more; corolla glabrous; style occasionally 3-cleft. 


In wet, compact, silt and loam around the spring at Empire Landing near 
the quarry, Oct. 31, 1921, Knopf 247. First return of this species from the island. 
PEPPERMINT. 


4. MARRUBIUM Linn. 


Bitter-aromatic whitish-woolly perennials, branched from the base: 
leaves rugose: flowers small, much crowded in axillary false whorls 
or heads. Calyx cylindraceous, 5-10 nerved, of firm texture, I0- 
toothed: the alternate (accessory) teeth shorter, spiny-tipped and 
recurved at maturity. Corolla short, its tube included in the calyx; 
the upper lip erect and concave, narrow, 2-lobed at the tip; the lower 
spreading and 3-cleft. Stamens 4, included in the tube of the corolla: 
anthers 2-celled, but the cells confluent. 


t. M. vulgare Linn. Sp. Pl. 583 (1753). 


Shrubby, 3.3-6.8 dm. high, hoary-woolly : leaves roundish crenate: 
flowers crowded in the upper axils; corolla small, white; calyx- 
teeth and bracts hooked at the tip. 


Prevalent on dry hillsides. January to August. Of this European im- 
migrant, now common almost everywhere on the island, Mrs. Trask says: “A 
single specimen was collected at Avalon, by Dr. Bishop in 1806;” she also col- 
lected it the same year. Avalon Valley, Smith 5076, Fisher; Pebble Beach Road, 
Nuttall 71, Knopf 159; Rock Spring Creek, Nuttall 717; Middle Ranch, Millsp. 
4605. HOREHOUND. 


5. NEPETA Linn. 


Herbs, with dentate or incised leaves, and mostly white or blue 
rather small flowers in verticillate clusters, usually crowded in terminal 
spikes, or axillary and cymose. Calyx tubular, somewhat oblique at 
the mouth, 15-nerved, usually incurved, 5-toothed, scarcely 2-lipped, 
but the upper teeth usually longer than the lower. Corolla-tube en- 
larged above, the limb strongly 2-lipped; upper lip erect, emarginate 


240 Fietp Museum or Naturav History—Borany, Vor. V. 


2-lobed; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe larger than 
the lateral ones. Stamens 4, all anther bearing, didynamous, ascending 
under the upper lip, the lower pair the shorter; anthers 2-celled, the 
sacs divaricate. Ovary deeply 4-parted; style 2-cleft at the summit. 
Nutlets ovoid, compressed, smooth. 


1. N.Cataria Linn. Sp. Pl.570 (1753). 


Perennial, densely canescent, pale green: stem rather stout, erect, 
branched, 5.1-7.6cm. high, the branches straight, ascending. Leaves 
ovate to oblong, petioled, acute at the apex, coarsely crenate-dentate, 
mostly cordate at the base, 2.6-7.6cm. long, greener above than be- 
neath; flower-clusters spiked at the ends of the stem and branches, 
the spikes 2.6-12.7 cm. long; bracts small, foliaceous; bractlets subu- 
late; calyx puberulent, its teeth subulate, the upper about one-half the 
length of the tube; corolla nearly white, or pale purple, dark-dotted, 
puberulent without, 10.5-12.7 mm. long, its lobe a little longer than 
the calyx, the broad middle lobe of its lower lip crenulate. 

Waste places rare. July to September. This common Eastern species is 
rare on the Pacific Coast. Greene reports it from Marin, Sonoma and Solano 
counties and Parish from Edgar Canyon San Bernardino Mountains. It was 


first found on Catalina in 1919 by Pendleton (1391) in Chicken he yard 
(see p. 10), where it persists (Millsp. 4894, Nuttall 831). CATNIP 


6. SALVIA Linn. 


Herbs, or some species shrubs, with clustered flowers, the clusters 
mostly spiked, racemed, or panicled. Calyx mostly naked in the throat, 
2-lipped ; upper lip entire or 3-toothed; lower lip 2-cleft or 2-toothed. 
Corolla strongly 2-lipped; upper lip entire, emarginate or 2-lobed; 
lower lip spreading, 3-cleft or 3-lobed. Anther-bearing stamens 2 
(the posterior pair wanting or rudimentary) ; connective of the anthers 
transverse, linear or filiform, bearing a perfect anther-sac on its upper 
end, its lower end dilated, capitate, or sometimes bearing a small or 
rudimentary one. Nutlets smooth, usually developing mucilage and 
spiral tubes when wetted. 


1. §.Columbariz Benth. Lab. 302 (1833). 


Minutely tomentose or soft-pubescent; stem commonly slender, 
branching, and leafy below, up to 6.8 dm. high from an annual root, 
naked and peduncle-like below, terminated by a solitary or two prolifer- 
ous head-like false whorls: leaves deeply once or twice pinnatifid or 
parted into oblong and crenately-toothed or incised divisions, pointless, 
rugose: involucrate floral leaves bract-like and short, ovate, entire: 
bracts similar but membranaceous, sometimes purplish, abruptly acumi- 
nate-awned: flowers small: calyx naked within its large upper lip 


FrLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 241 


arched, hispid at base outside, tipped with a pair of connivent and 
partly connate short-awned teeth, much exceeding the two small and 
porrected teeth of the lower lip; corolla (blue) hardly exceeding the 
calyx ; its upper lip merely notched; the lower with small lateral lobes: 
the middle one much larger, transversely oval, on a short claw, 
2-lobed, and otherwise nearly entire: filaments slender. 

Rather common (Mrs. Trask says) on dry, rocky hillsides. April to June. 
Trask; Brandegee; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 38. Trail from Moonstone 
Beach to White’s Landing, Knopf 374. CHIA, SAGE. 

The seeds formed one of the most important “grains” of the Aborigines 
who ground them into meal for porridge and cakes. They were also used in 
lieu of linseed for dysentery and enteritis.* 


7. RAMONA Greene. 


Shrubs or undershrubs, with habit, foliage, inflorescence, and 
even the peculiar spathe-like oblique calyx of the Californian Salvias ; 
but the corolla with no proper upper lip; its throat inflated and hori- 
zontally split, the upper portion of this either obsolete, or vertically 
cleft and the segments divergent, exposing fully the stamens from 
their insertion on the bottom of the throat. Genitals all long-exserted. 
Stamens 2, consisting of a distinct filament articulated with the single 
arm of the connective present, this on the same plane with the proper 
filament, bearing the one anther-cell at its summit. 


Flowers in dense, verticillate glomerules. 1. stachyoides. 
Flowers in thyrsoid-panicles. 2. polystachya. 


1. R. stachyoides (Benth.) Briquet, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440 
(1894). 
Audibertia stachyoides Bth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 313. (1833). 
Salvia mellifera Greene, Pitton.2:236 (1892). 


Cinereous-tomentose or glabrate, shrubby, Im. high or more, 
branching and leafy, leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base or 
short-petioled, crenate, green and rugose above, cinereous-tomentose 
beneath; flowers in interrupted spicate heads or whorls; the floral 
leaves much reduced, these and the ovate or oblong bracts as well as 
the calyx-teeth of the bilabiate calyx cuspidate-acuminate or spinulose- 
aristulate; corolla white or lilac-tinged, about 1cm. long, the tube 
longer than the limb; style, and especially the stamens, little exserted ; 
subulate appendages of the connective often manifest. 

Common on dry, exposed hillsides. April to July. Lyon (R. Clevelandi of 
Abrams); Trask; McClatchie (as A. Palmeri); Smith 5032; Pendleton 1370; 
Eastwood 6457; Brandegee; Millsp. 4560, 4777; Nuttall 73; Knopf 80; Pacific 
slope of the Salta Verde, Knopf 344. 


A very variable species as to shape of leaves, size of parts, blueness of 
flowers and general aspect. BLACK SAGE. PURPLE SAGE. 


*See also Dr. Edwd. Palmer’s article on the chias in Zoe Vol. 1, p. 140. 


242 Firtp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vov. V. 


2. R. polystachya (Benth.) Greene, Pitton. 2:235 (1892). 
Audibertia polystachya Bth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 314 (1833). 
Salvia apiana Jeps. Muhl. 3:144 (1908). 


Shrubby below, I mm. high or more, minutely tomentose-canes- 
cent, the branches virgate; leaves mostly very white on both surfaces, 
oblong-lanceolate, minutely rugose and crenulate, 5-8 cm. long; inflor- 
escence thrysoid-paniculate, 3-6 dm. long; the floral leaves, bracts and 
bractlets small and loose, at length reflexed, lanceolate or subulate, 
cuspidate-tipped ; flowers sessile, loose; upper lip of calyx truncate or 
3-toothed, at length concave or galeate, longer than the triangular- 
subulate lower lip; corolla white or nearly so, the lower lip much 
enlarged, the middle lobe rounded, emarginate at apex, unguiculate, 
the upper lip short; tube very short; style and divergent stamens 
long-exserted ; filiform connective continuous with the filament, its 
lower end usually indicated by a minute tooth. 


A common shrub of exposed hillsides... May to November. Lyon; Trask; 
Brandegee; Smith 5075; Pendleton 1396 (as Salvia californica); Millsp. 4460; 
Nuttall 599, 152, 744; Kuopf 131. WHITE SAGE, CANDLEWOOD, OCO- 
TILLO. , 


[Monardella lanceolata Gray. Reported by Lyon, and so included in 
Brandegee’s List, is not corroborated by a specimen in the Lyon collection 
in herb. Gray. It has not since been returned from the island.] 


Family 11. OROBANCHACE. 
BROOM RAPE FAMILY 


Erect, simple or branched, brown yellowish purplish or nearly 
white root-parasites, the leaves. reduced to alternate appressed scales, 
the flowers perfect, irregular (rarely cleistogamous), sessile in ter- 
minal bracted spikes, or solitary and peduncled in the axis of the 
scales. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, 4-5-toothed, 4-5-cleft, or split 
nearly or quite to the base on one or both sides. Corolla gamopetalous, 
more or less oblique, the tube cylindric, or expanded above, the limb 
2-lipped, 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted on the tube of 
the corolla and alternate with its lobes, a fifth rudimentary one oc- 
casionally present; filaments slender; anthers 2-celled, the sacs parallel, 
equal. Ovary superior, I-celled, the four placentz parietal; ovules 
numerous, anatropous; style slender; stigma discoid, 2-lobed, or 
sometimes 4-lobed. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous, 
reticulated, wrinkled or striate; embryo minute; cotyledons scarcely 
differentiated. 


Calyx not 2-bracteate. I. THALESIA. 
Calyx 2-bracteate. 2. MyzorrHIza. 


1. THALESIA Rat. 


Glandular or viscid-pubescent simple-stemmed herbs, parasitic on 


Frora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 243 


the roots of various plants, with scattered scales, and long-peduncled 
yellowish white or violet, complete and perfect flowers without bract- 
lets. Calyx campanulate or hemispheric, nearly equally 5-cleft, the 
lobes acute or acuminate. Corolla oblique, the tube elongated curved, 
the limb slightly 2-lipped, the upper lip erect-spreading, 2-lobed, the 
lower spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes all nearly equal. Stamens included ; 
anther-sacs mucronate at the base. Ovary ovoid; placente equidis- 
tant, or contiguous in pairs; style slender, deciduous; stigma peltate, 
or transversely 2-lamellate. 


i. T. fasciculata (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5:298 (1894). 

Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. Gen. 2:59 (1818). 

Aphyllon fasciculatum Gray, Syn. Fl. 2,1:312 (1878). 

Stems erect, 5.1-10.1 cm. high, densely glandular-pubescent, bear- 
ing several scales and 3-15 naked 1-flowered peduncles 2.6-10.1 cm. 
long. Calyx glandular, broadly campanulate, 6.3-10.5 mm. high, about 
one-third the length of the corolla, its lobes triangular-lanceolate or 
triangular-ovate, acute, equalling or shorter than the tube; corolla 
nearly 2.6 cm. long, purplish to yellow, puberulent without, the curved 
tube 3 times as long as the limb, the lobes oblong, obtuse, capsule 
ovoid to globose. 

Dry, exposed banks parasitic on roots of Eriogonum and Artemisia. June 
to July. Banks of Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 1353, Reed 2826, Nuttall 555; 


top of Mount Wilson, Nuttall 355; trail Moonstone Beach to White’s, Knopf 
375. BROOM RAPE. 


2. MYZORRHIZA Philippi. 


Stems rising above the ground. Flowers yellow or purplish, race- 
mose or panicled or spicate, mostly with one or two bracts close to or 
rarely somewhat below the calyx. Corolla plainly bilabiate, 
upper lip 2 lobed or notched, lower-lip 3-parted. 


1. M.tuberosa (Gray) Rybd. Bull. Torr. Club 36:695 (1909). 
Aphyllon tuberosum Gray, Bot. Calif.1:585 (1876). 
Minutely puberulent, low and stout, 5-15 cm. high, the thickened 
base with firm imbricated scales: flowers in a compact cluster: calyx 
unequally cleft, a little shorter than the yellowish or purplish corolla. 


On Adenostoma roots. May to June. Mrs. Trask (in herb. N. Y.); Brand- 
ag +8 We have not found the species which cannot be very common on 
the island. 


Order 23. PLANTAGINALES. 


Characters of the only family in the order—as follows: 


244 Fre~p Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vor. V. 


Family 1. PLANTAGINACEZ. 
PLANTAIN FAMILY 


Herbs, with basal, or, in the caulescent species, opposite or alter- 
nate leaves, and small perfect polygamous or monoecious flowers 
bracteolate in spikes or heads, or rarely solitary. Calyx 4-parted, 
inferior, persistent, the segments imbricated. Corolla hypogynous, 
scarious or membranous, mostly marcescent, 4-lobed. Stamens 4 or 2 
(only I in an Andean genus), inserted on the tube or throat of the 
corolla; filaments filiform exserted or included; anthers versatile, 
2-celled, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary sessile, superior, 
1-2-celled, or falsely 3-4-celled. Style filiform, simple, mostly longitud- 
inally stigmatic. Ovules I-several in each cavity of the ovary, peltate, 
amphitropous. Fruit a pixis, circumscissle at or below the middle, 
or an indehiscent nutlet. Seeds 1-several in each cavity of the fruit: 
endosperm fleshy ; cotyledons narrow; radicle short, mostly straight. 


1. PLANTAGO Linn. 


Leafy-stemmed, short-stemmed or acaulescent herbs, with oppo- 
site, alternate or basal leaves, bearing axillary or terminal spikes or 
heads of small greenish or purplish flowers (flowers solitary in a few 
exotic species). Calyx-segments equal, or two of them larger. Corolla 
salverform the tube cylindric, or constricted at the throat, the limb 
spreading in-anthesis, erect, spreading or reflexed in fruit, 4-lobed or 
4-parted. Stamens 4 or 2. Ovary 2-celled, or falsely 3-4-celled; 
ovules I-several in each cavity. Fruit a membranous pyxis, mostly 
2-celled. Seeds various, sometimes hollowed out on the inner side. 


Inflorescence globose: 
Leaves narrowly linear entire: . 


Glabrous or nearly so. 1. Bigelovii. 

Cottony especially below. 2. erecta. 
Leaves broadly linear dentate: 

Cottony below. 3. insularis. 


Inflorescence cylindric: 
Plants low, spikes short: 
Densely floral. 4. dura. 
Openly flowered. 5. Parishii. 
Plants tall, spikes elongate: 
Inflorescence slender, tail-like leaves incised- 
dentate. 6. coronopus. 
Inflorescence thick-cylindrical, leaves entire. 7. speciosa. 


1. P.Bigelovii Gray, Pac. RR. Rept.4:117 (1856). 


Annual, small and slender, g cm. or less in height, slightly hirsute: 
leaves linear, obtuse, entire, 2.1-4.2 mm. wide, the broader ones ob- 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 245 


scurely 3-nerved, shorter than the scape: spike globose, about 4 mm.- 
rem. often shorter and reduced to 4-5 flowers, densely few-many- 
flowered: bracts carinate, about the length of the calyx; calyx-lobes 
broadly scarious-margined: lobes of the corolla ovate, remaining open: 
stamens and style a little exserted: capsule ovoid-oblong, somewhat 
exceeding the calyx, circumscissile at the lower third, 2-celled, 4-seeded : 
seeds oblong, not hollowed on the face. 

Dry flat places. April to May. Ridge back of the Catholic Church at 


Avalon, Millsp. 4479, 4910; Schoolhouse Ridge, Nuttall 1275; Pebble Beach flat, 
Millsp. 4745 and flat near Howland’s 4827. 


2. P.erecta Morris, Bull. Torr. Club. 27:118 (1900). 


A low bright or dark green acaulescent annual, generally pubes- 
cent or sparingly villous: leaves basal, strict and erect or rarely 
spreading, rather slender, several to numerous, narrowly linear, obtuse 
at the apex, almost truncately and brown callous-tipped, entire, usually 
involute towards the apex, narrowed to the long slightly clasping 
petiole, 40-100 mm. by i-2.5mm., 3-ribbed, the outer very near the 
margins and frequently forming a part of the involution, pubescent 
with spreading hairs: scapes strictly erect or rarely spreading, slender 
at the base, gradually dilated and tending to become stout at the base 
of the spikes, one to several, surpassing the leaves, 50-200 mm. high, 
occasionally higher, appressed pubescent: spikes thick, four- to twenty- 
flowered, sometimes many-flowered, erect, oval-capitate to oblong- 
cylindrical, 10-20 mm. by 6-8 mm., glabrous or pubescent: bracts small, 
rigid, thick, herbaceous, scarious-sided, about one-half as long as the 
sepals, ovate, obtuse or acute, with a few spreading hairs to sparingly 
villous ; flowers perfect: calyx with spreading hairs, its divisions thick, 
herbaceous, scarious-sided, green to brownish, oblong, obtuse, 3 mm. 
long: corolla with the tube just surpassing the calyx, its lobes strongly 
reflexed, two or three times as long as the constricted dark brown 
throat, orbicular, obtuse or abruptly apiculate, 2.25mm. by 2mm., 
white: stamens shorter than the petals or very long-exserted from the 
tube: pyxis one-third surpassing the calyx, ovate, truncate or retuse, 
4-5 mm. by 2mm., circumscissile at the lower third, purple: seeds two, 
dark brown, oblong, finely pitted. 

On dry open ridges. May to June. Brandegee list; Lyon (as P. patagon- 


ica); dry hillside near Pebble Beach, Parish 10750; Equestrian Trail and Middle 
Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 600, 688, 689; Salta Verde, Knopf 338. 


3. 'P.insularis Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3,1:112 (1898). 


Canescent with long, fine, silky hairs, very dense on the peduncles 
below the spikes: leaves broadly lanceolate-acuminate, narrowed to a 
broad petiole, a few callous teeth on the margin, 3-nerved, 5-9 cm. 
long, 5-I2mm. wide; peduncles 4-10cm. long, rather stout: spikes 
oblong-linear, 1-2 cm. long, 8-lomm. wide, densely flowered: bracts 
broadly ovate, about equalling the calyx; corolla 2.5mm. in diameter, 
with ovate-orbicular, abruptly acuminate lobes, brown at base; stamens 


246 Frecp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


and style exserted; seeds two, cymbiform as in P. Patagonica and its 
allies. 

Dry slopes and ridges. March and April. Trask many specimens collected 
from near sea level up to the slopes of Black Jack. 


4. P.dura Morris, Bull. Torr. Club. 27:113 (1900). 


A green sub-caulescent annual, with a hard woody root, generally 
short-villous, glabrous when very old: leaves crowded, erect, numerous, 
linear, tapering to the acute apex, callous-tipped, entire, narrowed a 
little to the slightly margined petiole having a semi-clasping base, 
about 150mm. by 5 mm., 3-nerved, the outer very near the margin, 
villous to glabrate: scapes erect, stout, terete, several to numerous, 
equalling and surpassing the leaves, 100-250 mm. high, pubescent to 
villous: spikes many-flowered, conspicuous, coarse, thick, erect, cylin- 
drical, 30mm. by 8mm. villous: bracts rigid, herbaceous, scarious- 
sided on the lower third, two or less times as long as the calyx, nar- 
rowly lanceolate, widest at the base, at least the lowest distinctly 
callous-tipped, 6 mm. or less by 2mm., white villous: flowers perfect: 
calyx villous on the midribs, its divisions scarious, with brown rigid 
midribs, narrowly obovate, obtuse, 3 mm. long: corolla lobes spreading 
and reflexed, orbicular-ovate, obtuse, 2mm. by 2 mm., white: stamens 
four, about equalling the petals: pyxis one-third surpassing the calyx, 
narrowly ovate, obtuse, 3 mm. by 2mm., circumscissile below the mid- 
die: seeds two, dark brown, narrowly ovate, finely pitted. 


On dry slopes and ridges. March to May. Trask; Pebble Beach, Nuttall 304. 


5. P. Parishii Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56:61 (1918). 


A slender annual more or less reddish throughout, 5-10 cm. high. 
Stem short appressed strigose-hirsute; leaves smooth or sub-glabrous 
narrowly linear, somewhat attenuate, apex short cuspidate, 2-5 cm. 
long, 1-2mm. broad; spikes oblong or linear-oblong, 17-22 mm. long 
by 3mm. broad; dorsal bracts plainly convex, cuspidate, about 2 mm. 
long; minutely appressed-pubescent ; sepals similar or sub-obtuse, the 
margins suberose-ciliate, about 2.5mm. long; flowers disclosed, seg- 
ments of the corolla narrowly lanceolate, subacuminate; capsule about 
2mm. long somewhat shorter than the sepals. 


On the flat at Pebble Beach. March 31, 1916. S. B. Parish 10751 type. Not 
since found. 


6. P.coronopus Linn. Sp. Pl. 115 (1753). 


A polymorphous hirtellous annual with the fleshy leaves rosulate 
or erect. Leaves lanceolate-linear in general outline, sharply and 
acutely pinnate-dentate. Peduncles g-16cm. long, longer than the 
leaves, erect, closely strigose-hirtellous ; spikes tail-like, 6-10 cm. long, 
2.5-3.5 mm. thick, densely appressed flowered; bracts ovate, acute or 
acuminate, shorter than the calyx; corolla small, lobes lanceolate acute ; 
pyxis circumscissile about the middle; seed oblong, flattened. 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—Miiispaucn & NUTTALL 247 


Flat situations near the sea. March to June. Tresk; Brandegee (as P. 
maritima); Pebble Beach flat, Parish 10749, Pendleton 1431; Millsp. 4750, Nuttall 
187; at the Isthmus, Nuttall 218. RAT TAIL PLANTAIN. 


7. P.speciosa Morris, Bull. Torr. Club. 28:120 (1901). 


A green acaulescent annual with a rather coarse root: leaves 
crowded, erect, numerous, linear, long-tapering to the acute apex, 
callous-tipped, with scattered slender callous teeth, the petioles not 
distinguishable, 70-120mm. by 2-3 mm., 3-nerved, glabrate on the 
upper surface to woolly-lanate throughout: scapes ascending to erect, 
rather stout, several to numerous, equalling to surpassing the leaves, 
70-120 mm. high, appressed pubescent: spikes many-flowered, coarse, 
hoary, conspicuous, erect, cylindrical, 20-40mm. by 8mm.: bracts 
rigid, herbaceous, scarious-sided below the middle about the length of 
_ the calyx, triangular-lanceolate, widest at the base, blunt at the apex, 
3-4 mm. long, silky-villous: calyx divisions scarious, with brown or 
purple midribs, obovate-oblong, rounded, 3-3.5 mm. long: corolla con- 
spicuous its lobes strongly reflexed orbicular-ovate, obtuse, 2mm. by 
2mm., very white, summit of the throat very dark brown: stamens 
four, just exserted from the tube: style equalling the lobes: pyxis 
surpassing the calyx, broadly oval, obtuse, 3 mm. by 2 mm. circumscis- 
sile at or just below the middle: seeds two, very dark brown, oblong, 
rough. 

Dry or moist sunny hillsides. March to May. Lyon, Trask, Brandegee (as 
P. patagonica); near Avalon, G. B. Grant 1000, 2412 type, 3755; Millsp. 4912; 


Schoolhouse Ridge and Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 10, 716; Coach Road between 
Howland’s and Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4822. RIBBON PLAINTAIN. 


{P. obversa Morris is reported by Abrams (FI. Los. Ang. ed. 2:345) 
as “also on Catalina.” This reference may be to a specimen of P. 
speciosa. We find no Catalina specimen of P. observa in herbaria 
nor have our collectors found it on the island]. 


Order 24. RUBIALES. 


Corolla gamopetalous. Anthers separate, the stamens as many 
as the corolla-lobes and alternate with them (one fewer in Linnaea of 
the Caprifoliacee) or twice as many. Ovary compound, inferior, 
adnate to the calyx-tube. Ovules I or more in each cavity of the 
ovary. Leaves opposite or verticillate. 


Leaves stipulate, usually blackening in drying. 1. RUBIACEAE. 
Leaves estipulate, not blackening in drying. 2. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 


Family 1. RUBIACEZ. 
MADDER FAMILY 


Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with simple, opposite or sometimes ver- 
ticillate, mostly stipulate leaves, and perfect, often dimorphous or 


248 Frevtp Museum or Naturav History—Botany, Vor. V. 


trimorphous, regular and nearly symmetrical flowers. Calyx-tube 
adnate to the ovary, its limb various. Corolla funnelform, club-shaped, 
campanulate, or rotate, 4-5-lobed. Stamens as many as the lobes of 
the corolla and alternate with them, inserted on its tube or throat. 
Ovary 1-10-celled; style simple or lobed; ovules 1I-« in each cavity. 
Fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe. Seeds various; seed-coat mem- 
branous or crustaceous; endosperm fleshy or horny (rarely wanting 
in a few genera) ; cotyledons ovate, cordate, or foliaceous. 


t. GALIUM Linn. 


Herbs, with 4-angled slender stems and branches, apparently ver- 
ticillate leaves, and small flowers, mostly in axillary or terminal cymes 
or panicles. Flowers perfect, or in some species dioecious. Calyx-tube 
ovoid or globose, the limb minutely toothed, or none. Corolla rotate, 
4-lobed (rarely 3-lobed). Stamens 4, rarely 3; filaments short ; anthers 
exserted. Ovary 2-celled; ovules one in each cavity. Styles 2, short; 
stigmas capitate. Fruit didymous, separating into 2 indehiscent carpels, 
or sometimes only 1 of the carpels maturing. Endosperm horny; 
embryo curved; cotyledons foliaceous. 

Annual, weak stemmed. 1. Aparine. 

Perennial, stiff stemmed: 
Leaves in 4’s, linear: 
Plants glabrous. 2. angustifolium. 
Plants cinereous-puberulent. 3. siccatum. 
Leaves narrowly oblong to ovate-lanceolate: 


Plants crispid-hirsute. 
Leaves short, ovate, pointed. 


catalinense. 
miguelense. 


an te 


i. G. Aparine Linn. Sp. Pl. 108 (1753). 


Annual, weak, scrambling over bushes, 3.3-15.2 dm. long, the stems 
retrorsely hispid on the angles. Leaves in 6’s or 8’s, oblanceolate to 
linear, cuspidate at the apex, 2.6-7.6cm. long, 4.2-10.5 mm. wide, the 
margins and midrib very Sly sit flowers in 1-3-flowered cymes in the 
upper axils; peduncles 1-3 cm. long; fruiting pedicels straight; fruit 
4.2-6.3 mm. ‘broad, densely) covered with short hooked bristles. 

Moist, shady situations. March to May. Gambel, Lyon, Trask (as G. 
Vaillanti); Coach Road at the Wishbone, Smith 5021, Nuttall 51; Pebble Beach 
Flat, Millsp. 4753; Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 7or; Pebble Beach Road, Knopf 23. 
BEDSTRAW. 


2. G.angustifolium Nutt. Gray. Bot. Calif.1:285 (1880). 

Shrubby at base with erect or ascending stems, 3.3-12.2 dm. high, 
glabrous: the branches rigid or strict, smooth on the angles: leaves in 
fours, linear, mucronate-acute, rigid, I-nerved, veinless, with barely 
scabrous margins: cymes small and numerous in a narrow panicle: 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISsLAND—MItispaucH & NUTTALL 249 


flowers very small, greenish-white: fruit hispid or hirsute, with 
straight bristles not longer than itself. 

Grassy or shrubby hillsides and sandy situations. January to June. Lyon; 
Trask; Brandegee; McClatchie; Avalon Valley, Smith 4974, Macbride & Pay- 
son 842, Carlson 844, Millsp. 4771; Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 1359, Reed 
2823, Hall 8280, Hasse, Nuttall 109; foot trail to Summit, Nuttall 14, Knopf 
123; Descanso Canyon, Millsp. 4500; Pebble Beach Canyon and Piedra Escalera 
Canyon, Nuttall 206, 700. 


3. .G.siccatum Wright, Zoe 5:54 (1900). 


Perennial, 3.3-12.2 dm. high, erect and very much branched and 
bushy when growing in some situations, or reclining in others; the 
whole plant cinereous-puberulent ; leaves in fours, not rigid, linear, 
8.4-16.8 mm. long, I-2.1 mm. broad, barely mucronulate, midrib not 
prominent ; inflorescense cymose-paniculate, flowers polygamous, green- 
ish-yellow, numerous ; fruit 2.1 mm. broad, densely hispid with straight 
bristles. 


Overhanging banks of streamlets. January to June. Avalon Run beyond 
the Golf Links and in Swain’s Canyon, Millsp. 4517, 4600. 


4. G.catalinense Gray, Syn. Fl. Suppl. 445 (1886). 


Herbaceous perennial, hispidulous-puberlent or glabrate, unarmed : 
stems erect, 9.1-I2dm. high, mostly simple with short flowering 
branches which little surpass the larger leaves; its nodes usually with a 
tumid ring: leaves in fives or fours, narrowly oblong, obtuse, mucron- 
ate, one-nerved (rarely by the union of two leaves 2-nerved), either 
sessile by a contracted base or short-petioled; at the insertion within 
bearing some obscurely glandular bristle-shaped appendages: flowers 
on short slender pedicels, perhaps polygamous: corolla white (4.2 mm. 
in diameter): young fruit sometimes naked and smooth, sometimes 
beset with soft and straight bristles of about the length of the body. 

Rocky slopes and sunny cliffs. January to July. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee ; 
break off and rocks along Pebble Beach Road, Grant 3762, Grant & Wheeler 
490/2882 (as G. buxifolium), Pendleton 1358, 1380, Reed 2801, Millsp. 4630, 


Nuttall 289, Knopf 22, 281; Rattlesnake Canyon, Millsp. 4680; Pebble Beach 
Canyon, Nuttall 207. CATALINA BEDSTRAW. 


5. G. miguelense Greene, Pitton.1:34 (1887). 


Suffrutescent, evergreen, the prostrate stems 15.3-45.8cm. long, 
whole plant covered with a sparse retrorse pubescence: leaves oval, 
acute, 3-5 mm. long, dark green, coriaceous, in age deflexed and almost 
imbricated on the branches: berry large, glabrous, pearl-white: flowers 
not seen. 

In the chaparral near Avalon. July 19, 1915. Macbride & Payson 843 in 


herb. Gray, Cambridge, where it is labeled tentatively G. grande. The specimen 
agrees as well as possible with Greene’s type from San Miguel. 


250 Frectp Museum oF Naturat History—Bortany, Vet. V. 


Family 2. CAPRIFOLIACEZ, 
HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY ° 


Shurbs, trees, vines, or perennial herbs, with opposite simple or 
pinnate leaves, and perfect, regular or irregular, mostly cymose flowers. 
Stipules none, or sometimes present. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, 
its limb 3-5-toothed or 3-5-lobed. Corolla gamopetalous, rotate, cam- 
panulate, funnelform urn-shaped, or tubular, the tube often gibbous at 
the base, the limb 5-lobed, sometimes 2-lipped. Stamens 5 (very rarely 
4), inserted on the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes; 
anthers oblong or linear, versatile. Ovary inferior, 1-6-celled; style 
slender ; stigma capitate, or 2-5-lobed, the lobes stigmatic at the summit ; 
ovules anatropous, 1 or several in each cavity. Fruit a 1-6-celled berry, 
drupe, or capsule. Seeds oblong, globose, or angular; seed-coat mem- 
branous or crustaceous, smooth or cancellate; embryo usually small, 
placed near the hilum; radicle terete ; cotyledons ovate. 


Leaves pinnately compound. 1. SAMBUCUS. 
Leaves simple: 
Corolla short, campanulate, shrubs. 2. SYMPHORICARPOS. 
Corolla long, tubular, vines. 3. LoNniIcERA, 


1. SAMBUCUS Linn. 


Trees or shrubs, with stout branches containing thick white or 
brown pith, and buds with several scales. Leaves petiolate, unequally 
pinnate, deciduous, with serrate or laciniate leaflets, the base of the 
petiole naked, glandular or furnished with a stipule-like leaflet ; stipels 
small, leaf-like, usually setaceous, often O; stipules small, rudimentary, 
usually O except on vigorous shoots. Flowers small, in broad terminal 
corymbose cymes, their bracts and bractlets lanceolate, acute,. scarious, 
caducous, sometimes ebracteolate ; calyx-tube ovoid, the limb 3-5-lobed 
or toothed; corolla rotate or slightly campanulate, equally 3-5-parted ; 
filaments filiform or subulate; ovary inferior or partly superior, 3-5- 
celled; style abbreviated, thick and conic, 3-5-lobed, stigmatic at apex. 
Fruit subglobose, with juicy flesh, and 3-5 oblong cartilaginous punc- 
tate-rugulose or smooth 1I-seeded nutlets full and rounded on the back 
and rounded at the ends. Seeds filling the cavity of the nutlets, pale 
brown; cotyledons ovoid. 


t. §. czrulea Raf. Alsog. Ana. 48 (1838). Plate V, i. 1. 
Sambucus glauca Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl. 2:13 (1841). 


Bushy or arborescent, 2-5 m. high, the largest specimens tree-like ; 
leaves coriaceous, glabrous; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, ovate or obovate, 


FLORA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 251 


mostly abruptly acuminate, serrate except at the acuminate apex, 
2.5-8 cm. long; inflorescence 5-rayed, each ray again 1-3 times 5-rayed, 
forming a flat-topped cyme, 8-15cm. broad; flowers white, 7 mm. 
broad ; fruit blue beneath the white bloom. 


A large tree with a trunk up to two feet diameter. On alluvial washes in 
the larger canyon mouths. January to May (mostly March to May). Lyon, 
Trask, Brandegee; Avalon Canyon, a large tree on the Golf Links Smith 5oo1; 
Pebble Beach Canyon, Knopf 68, 181, 243; Banning’s and White’s Landings, 
Millsp. 4587. ELDER, SAUCO. A tea made of the flowers, and drunk hot, 
induces copious perspiration. 


2. SYMPHORICARPOS Dill. 


Shrubs, with opposite deciduous short-petioled simple leaves, and 
small white or pink, perfect flowers, in axillary or terminal clusters. 
Calyx-tube nearly globular, the limb 4-5-toothed. Corolla campanulate 
or salverform, regular, or sometimes gibbous at the base, 4-5-lobed, 
glabrous or pilose in the throat ; stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the corolla. 
Ovary 4-celled, 2 of the cavities containing several abortive ovules, the 
other two each with a single suspended ovule; style filiform; stigma 
capitate, or 2-lobed. Fruit an ovoid or globose 4-celled, 2-seeded berry. 
Seeds oblong ; endosperm fleshy ; embryo minute. 


1. §.mollis Nutt. T. & Gr. Fl.2:4 (1841). 


Low, diffuse or decumbent, softly and usually densely pubescent ; 
leaves oval, small (12.7 mm. or less than 2.6 cm. long): flowers few, in 
terminal clusters or in upper axils: corolla short and broad, inconspicu- 
ously bearded or pubescent inside: stamens equalling the corolla: style 
shorter. 


Canyon bottoms in rich soil in shade. February to June. Lyon; Trask; 
Brandegee; Pebble Beach Canyon, Eastwood 6451 (as S. ciliatus); Nuttall 202; 
Knopf 175; Millsp.; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5088; Big Wash Canyon, Knopf 
252; Hamilton Canyon, ae 4704; Nuttall 202, Knopf 84; Bulrush Canyon, 
Knopf 356. SNOWBERRY 


3. LONICERA Linn. 


Erect or climbing shrubs, with opposite mostly entire leaves; 
flowers spicate, capitate or geminate, ‘usually somewhat irregular. 
Calyx-tube ovoid or nearly globular, the limb slightly 5-toothed. Cor- 
olla tubular, funnelform, or campanulate, often gibbous at the base, 
the limb 5-lobed, more or less oblique, or 2-lipped. Stamens 5, inserted 
on the tube of the corolla; anthers linear or oblong. Ovary 2-3-celled ; 
ovules numerous in each cavity, pendulous ; style slender; stigma capi- 


252. Frerp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


tate. Berry fleshy, 2-3-celled or rarely 1-celled, few seeded. Seeds 
ovoid or oblong with fleshy endosperm and a terete embryo. 


1. L.catalinensis Millsp. sp. nov. 


Vitis crassa usque ad 16m. alta; caulibus subpurpureis, minute 
puberulentis. Folia coriacea, ovata, 4 x 2-10x 5 cm., basi orbiculata et 
plus minusve inaequalia, apiculata, facie superiore rugosa nitidaque, 
facie inferiore minute puberulenta; petiolis circ. 0.5 cm. longis; stipulis 
late ovatis, circ. 0.5 cm. latis, saepe ad multa juga foliforum absentibus. 
Inflorescentia verticillato-spicata usque ad 10 cm. vel plus longa, inter- 
nodis longis et minute pubescentibus, non viscidis; floribus plerumque 
quinque in quaque verticella, dense aurantiacis vel nitido-coccineis ; 
calyce globoso, circ. 1.5 mm. longo, gutture constricto; dentibus trangu- 
laribus minimis coronam facientibus ; corolla falcata, in gemma ad 2 cm. 
longitudine expandenti, intra se longo-pilosa; labro superiore anguste 
ovato ac apice lobis 4 ovatis vestito, labro inferiore ligulato, integro, ad 
tubulum retrocrispato ; filamentis longo-pilosis ad circ. medium. Baccae 
claro-rubrae, diametro 8mm.; seminibus 4, ovatis, complanatis, 
3.2 x 2mm. 

Canyon bottoms near rivulets. May to June. Lyon (as L. hispidula vacil- 
lans Gray); Trask (as L. hispidula Dougl.); Brandegee (as L. hispidula and 
the vars. subspicata and vacillans); Palmer 7/254; McClatchie; Grant (as L. 
californica); Avalon Valley, Pendleton 1390, Reed 2380, Nuttall 91, 151, 341, 
728, 766; Graveyard Canyon, Knopf 139 Type, 172; Rock Spring and Pebble 
Beach Canyons, Smith 5058, 5104; Big Wash Canyon and Equestrian Trail, 
Nuttall 876, 160; White’s Landing, Hall 8272; Gallagher’s Canyon “festooning 
the oaks. Inflorescence greasy” Jepson 3057; Swain’s Canyon, Millsp. 4599; 
Isthmus, Eastwood 6509. WILD HONEYSUCKLE. 


Order 25. CAMPANULALES. 


Herbs, rarely shrubs, the corolla gamopetalous, or petals sometimes 
separate in Cucurbitaceae. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes 
(fewer in the Cucurbitaceae) ; anthers united (except in Ambrosia- 
ceae). Ovary inferior. 


Flowers not in involucrate heads: 
Vines, with monoecious or dioecious fowers. 1. CUCURBITACEAE. 


Herbs, with perfect flowers. 2. CAMPANULACEAE. 
Flowers in involucrate heads: 
Flowers all expanded into rays, juice milky. 3. CICHORIACEAE. 
Flowers nearly tubular, juice not milky: 
Stamens distinct or nearly so. 4. AMBROSIACEAE. 


Stamens united into a tube by their anthers. 5. CARDUACEAE. 


Family 1. CUCURBITACEZ. 
MELON FAMILY 


Herbaceous vines, usually with tendrils. Leaves alternate, petioled, 
generally palmately lobed or dissected. Flowers monoecious or 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 253 


dioecious. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb usually 5-lobed, the 
lobes imbricated. Petals usually 5, inserted on the limb of the calyx, 
separate, or united into a gamopetalous corolla. Stamens mostly 3 
(sometimes 1), 2 of them with 2-celled anthers, the other with a 1- 
celled anther; filaments short, often somewhat monadelphous. Ovary 
1-3-celled ; style terminal, simple, or lobed; ovules anatropous. Fruit a 
pepo, indehiscent, or rarely dehiscent at the summit, or bursting irreg- 
ularly; or sometimes dry and membranous. Seeds usually flat; en- 
dosperm none. 


1. MICRAMPELIS Raf. 


Mostly climbing herbs, with branched tendrils, lobed divided or 
angled leaves, and small white or greenish-white monoecious flowers. 
Calyx-tube campanulate, 5-6-toothed. Corolla very deeply 5-6-parted. 
Stamens 3 in the staminate flowers; the anthers more or less coherent. 
Pistillate flowers with a 2-4-celled ovary; style very short; stigma 
hemispheric or lobed. Fruit fleshy or dry at maturity, densely spiny, 1- 
2-celled, dehiscent at the summit. 


1. M.macrocarpa Greene, Pitton.2:129 (1890). 
Echinocystis macrocarpa Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1:188 (1885). 


Nearly glabrous ; stems much branched, climbing over shrubs, from 
a very large fusiform root; leaves about 15.3 cm. broad, with a closed 
sinus, 5-cleft to the middle or below it, the divisions slightly 3-5-lobed, 
mucronate: fruit ovoid-oblong, 7.6-12.7cm. long, usually densely 
echinate with spines which, though stout are rather soft, longest often 
exceeding 5.1 cm., 6-14-seeded, 12 of the seeds arranged ascendingly 
or imbricately, in four cells, the other two lying horizontally across the 
base of the fruit, both attached to the same side: seed obovoid, 19 mm. 
long, light brown, encircled by a dark, marginal line. 

Western facing canyon slopes everywhere. Blooms the year around. Baker, 
reported from a scrap only in herb. Gray, as (Megarrhiza Marah); Lyon, (as 
Megarrhiza californica); Brandegee as (Echinocystis fabacea and guadaloupen- 
sis); Avalon vicinity and Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6454, 6474, 6532 (as 
Marah microcarpa); Avalon Valley, Smith 5006, Millsp. 4481; Descanso Canyon 
and Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 56, 914; Rattlesnake Canyon, Millsp. 4857; Middle 
Ranch Canyon, Knopf 274, 349. Also reported as Marah fabacea, Echinocystis 


Marah and Megarrhiza fabacea. CHILICOTHE, WILD CUCUMBER, ELE- 
PHANT ROOT. BIG ROOT. 


Family 2. CAMPANULACEZ:. 
BELLFLOWER FAMILY 


Herbs (some tropical species shrubs or even trees), with alternate 
exstipulate simple leaves, acrid and usually milky juice, and perfect 


254 Fierp Museum or Naturar History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


flowers. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb mostly 5-lobed or 5- 
parted, the lobes equal or slightly unequal, valvate or imbricate in the 
bud, commonly persistent. Corolla gamopetalous, regular or irregular, 
inserted at the line where the calyx becomes free from the ovary, its 
tube entre, or deeply cleft on one side, its limbs 5-lobed, regular, or more 
or less 2-lipped, or corolla rarely divided into separate petals. Stamens 
5, alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted with the corolla; filaments 
separate or connate; anthers 2-celled, introrse, separate, or united into 
a ring or tube. Ovary 2-5-celled (rarely 6-10-celled), with the placentae 
projecting from the axis, or 1-celled with two parietal placentz; style 
simple; stigma mostly anatropous. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds 
numerous, small; embryo minute, straight ; endosperm fleshy. 


1. SPECULARIA Heist. 


“Annual herbs, with alternate toothed or entire leaves, the stem and 
branches long, slender. Flowers axillary, sessile or nearly so, 2-bracted, 
or the upper panicled in some exotic species, the earlier (lower) ones 
small, cleistogamous, the later with a blue or purple nearly rotate 
corolla. Calyx-tube narrow, the lobes in the earlier flowers 3 or 4, in 
the later 4 or 5. Corolla 5-iobed or 5-parted, the lobes imbricated in 
the bud. Filaments flat; anthers separate, linear. Ovary 3-celled 
(rarely 2- or 4-celled) ; ovules numerous; stigma usually 3-lobed. Cap- 
sule prismatic, cylindric, or narrowly obconic, opening by lateral valves. 
Seeds ovoid, oblong, or lenticular. 


1. §. biflora (R. & P.) F. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1:17 (1835). 
Campanula biflora R.& P. Fl. Peru, 2:55 (1799). 
Legouzia biflora Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5:309 (1894). 


Glabrous, or nearly so; stem simple or branched, very slender, 
roughish on the angles, 1.5-5.1 cm. high. Leaves ovate, oblong or the 
upper lanceolate, sessile, acute or obtuse at the apex, crenate with a few 
teeth, or entire, 8.4-21 mm. long, or the upper smaller; earlier flowers 
with 3 or 4 ovate to lanceolate calyx-lobes, those of the later flowers 4 
or 5, lanceolate-subulate, longer; capsule oblong-cylindric, 6.3-10.5 mm. 
long, opening by valves close under the calyx-teeth. 


In canyon bottoms generally in shade under somewhat moist banks. May 
to June. Pebble Beach Canyon, Trask who mentions (Eryth. 7:141) finding an 
abnormal specimen having 4 stigmas and 6 stamens. The following specimens 
are all normal: Brandegee; Pebble Beach Road and Cherry Canyon, Smith 
5060, 5085; at the sharp angle of the Equestrian Trail, Nuttall 246. VENUS’ 
LOOKING-GLASS. 


ee ee ee oe 


FLora oF SANTA CaTALina IsLAanD—MittispaucH & NUTTALL 255 


Family 3. CICHORIACEZ. 
CHICORY FAMILY 


Herbs (in our genera), almost always with milky, acrid or bitter 
juice, alternate or basal leaves and yellow, rarely pink, blue, purple 
or white flowers in involucrate heads. Bracts of the involucre in 1 to 
several series. Receptacle of the head flat or flattish, naked, scaly 
(paleaceous ), smooth, pitted or honeycombed. Flowers all alike (heads 
homogamous), perfect. Calyx tube completely adnate to the ovary, 
its limb (pappus) of scales, or simple or plumose bristles, or both, 
or wanting. Corolla gamopetalous with a short or long tube and a 
strap-shaped (ligulate) usually 5-toothed limb (ray). Anthers con- 
nate into a tube around the style the sacs sagittate or auricled at the 
base, not tailed, usually appendaged at the summit, the simple pollen- 
grains usually 12-sided. Ovary I-celled; ovule 1 anatropous; style 
very slender, 2-cleft or 2-lobed, the lobes minutely papillose. Fruit 
an achene. Seed erect; endosperm none; radicle narrower than the 
cotyledons. 


Pappus none or paleaceous. 1. MucrosEris. 
Pappus of plumose bristles: 
Achenes truncate. 2. STEPHANOMERIA. 
Achenes beaked. 3. RAFINESQUEA, 


Pappus of capillary bristles: 
Achenes not flattened: 


Achenes beakless, plants caulescent. 4. MALacoTurRix. 

Achenes beaked, plants acaulescent. 5. TARAXACUM, 
Achenes flattened: 

Achenes beaked. 6. Lactuca. 

Achenes beakless. 7. SONCHUS. 


1. MICROSERIS Don. 


Herbaceous plants, mostly acaulescent or short-stemmed, glabrous 
or slightly puberulent. Leaves chiefly in a basal tuft, pinnatifid with 
mostly linear and often falcate lobes or entire in the same species. 
Peduncles 1-headed. Main bracts of the involucre nearly equal but 
with short outer ones at base, or unequal and loosely imbricated. 
Ligules short, yellow, inconspicuous in dried specimens. Achenes 
Slender-fusiform or turbinate or cylindric, ribbed, mostly truncate. 
Pappus: palez 5-10, each with a more or less elongated scabrous or 
short-plumose awn. 

Achenes attenuate to a beak: pappus white or 


brownish. I. linearifolia. 
Achenes truncate: pappus dull brown or sordid. 2. Lindleyi. 


256 Fretp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vov. V. 


1. M. linearifolia (DC.) Sch-Bip. Poll. xii-xxiv: 308 (1866). 

Calais linearifolia DC. Prodr. 7:85 (1874). 

Uropap pus linearifolius Nutt. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7:425 
(1841). 

Microseris anomala Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22:475 (1887). 

Plant from 1-4 or 6dm. high: stems or peduncles often several 
from the base, erect, the peduncle in robust plants thickened or fistu- 
lous under the oblong head: leaves linear, 8-15 cm. long, 1-5 mm. wide 
and with 2 or 3 to several pairs of more or less salient lobes, or entire; 
achenes attenuate above into a beak, usually black; pappus deciduous, 
from silvery white to sordid, 12-15 mm. long including the very delicate 
awn, this about one-half the length of the deeply notched palea. 

On grassy hillsides. Brandegee; Cherry Canyon, Smith 5089; Nuttall 20, 


52, 345, 554, 719; Isthmus Road 747; Knopf 36; Bulrush Canyon, Knopf 401; 
Pebble Beach Canyon, Millsp. 4835. 


2. M. Lindleyi (DC.) Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.g:210 (1874). 

Calais pleuriseta Greene Pitton.1:30 (1887). 

Stem short or scarcely any but the stout naked scapes or scape- 
like peduncles usually 2-5 dm. high, scarcely thickened under the head ; 
herbage glabrous or furfuraceous-puberulent when young; leaves as 
in the previous species but rather broader; achenes commonly reddish- 
brown to gray, slightly narrowed toward the truncate summit; pappus 
dull-brown or sordid, persistent, at maturity 12-15 or 18mm. long 
including the awn which rises from a shallow notch and is but little 
shorter than the mature palea. 


In similar locations to the last species. Brandegee list; Catholic Church 
and Rattlesnake canyons, Millsp. 4799, 4858. 


2. STEPHANOMERIA Nutt. 


Tall and rather slender herbs the stems either strict or paniculately 
branched. Upper leaves reduced to herbaceous bracts. Heads small, 
3-20-flowered. Flowers pink or flesh-color, open in the early morning, 
ligules all equal. Involucre cylindric or rarely campanulate. Recep- 
tacle flat. Achenes oblong, short-linear or somewhat turbinate, strongly 
angled, glabrous, often rugose, truncate at each end the broad base 
hollowed at the insertion. Pappus-bristles white or sordid, more or 
less plumose. 


t. §. virgata Benth. Bot. Sulph. Voy. 32 (1844). 
Ptiloria virgata Greene, Pitton.2:130 (1890). 


Stems rigid, virgate or with usually virgate branches, sometimes 
widely and paniculately branched, 3-20 or even 40 dm. high; herbage 
usually glabrous; lower leaves oblong or spatulate, often sinuate or 
pinnatifid ; upper leaves linear small and entire; heads subsessile along 


FLorA OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 257 


the naked branches, mostly 4-16-flowered ; involucre 7 mm. high; ligules 
reddish-purple on the back, lighter on the upper surface, sometimes 
clear white; achenes subclavate or oblong, longitudinally ribbed, the 
interspaces more or less rugose and traversed by a deep, narrow 
groove; pappus clear white, plumose almost throughout, fragile but the 
base commonly persistent. 


Open, dry, bare hillsides. January to July. Brandegee, Lyon (as Stephano- 
meria paniculata, Nutt.) ; Avalon, Eastwood 6530; Rusby (N. Y., Field) ; Des- 
canso Canyon, Millsp. 4534; Avalon vicinity, Nuttall 354, 603, 1009; Knopf 255. 


3. RAFINESQUEA Nutt. 


Stout and sometimes fistulous glabrous branching annuals. Leaves 
toothed or pinnatifid. Panicle more or less cymosely branching. Heads 
15-30-flowered. Involucre in anthesis conical-cylindraceous. Flowers 
white, the outer ligules more or less tinged with rose-color; ligules 
unequal. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenes terete, with a few obscure 
ribs, excavated at the insertion but with callous thickening. Pappus- 
bristles capillary, 10-15, long-plumose from the base to near the tip. 


1. R. californica Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.2,7:429 (1841). 

Nemoseris californica Greene, Pitton. 2:193 (1891). 

Robust, branching above, 3-25 dm. high; leaves oblong in outline, 
pinnatifid to denticulate or almost entire, sessile and auriculate-clasp- 
ing or the lowermost narrowed to a winged petiole, 15 cm. more or less 
long; those of the inflorescence much reduced and often spinulose- 
toothed and angular; involucre 16-18 mm. high or I1-15 or even 22 
linear or lanceolate-acuminate, main bracts with some loose subulate 
ones at the base; ligules short, white; beak of the achene as long as 
the body; pappus dull white. 


Open dry places in scrublands. June to August. Brandegee list; sea cliffs 
near Avalon, Nuttall 203. 


4. MALACOTHRYX DC. 


Chiefly herbaceous plants, a few woody at base, commonly with a 
radical cluster of leaves, the stems either leafy or almost naked. 
Heads small or medium size, solitary or panicled, never sessile, com- 
monly nodding in the bud. Flowers yellow, white or pinkish. Re- 
ceptacle bristly or naked. Achenes short, truncate at apex, crowned 
with an entire or denticulate border, 10-15-ribbed, terete, or 4 or 5 of 
the ribs stronger than the others rendering the achene somewhat 4-5- 
angled. Pappus-bristles soft, scabrous, more or less united at the 
base and falling away together, or with 1-8 stronger ones which are 
more persistent. 


258 Tierp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vor. V. 


t. M.saxatilis (Nutt.) T. & G. Fl. 2:446 (1842). 
Leucoseris saxatilis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2,7:440 (1841). 


Diffuse or decumbent from a suffrutescent base, 3-6 or more dm. 
high; herbage succulent, minutely tomentose when young; leaves 
lanceolate to spatulate, mostly obtuse and entire but some of the lower 
ones toothed or pinnatifid; involucre 10-15 mm. high, its branches 
linear-attenuate, the outer ones very short; ligules white or centrally 
striped with rose or with a broad deep purple line; achenes 10-15 ribbed 
about 5 of the ribs stronger than the others, crowned with a minute 
denticulate white border; persistent pappus-bristles none. 

On shelving rocks and loose gravelly talus near the sea. December to July. 
Brandegee; Lyon; Sea shore near Avalon, Trask, Smith 5036; Reed 2820; 
Hall 8279; Pendleton 1355; Eastwood 6445; McClatchie (N. Y., Field) ; White’s 
Valley, Knopf 146, 254; Millsp. 4471; Nuttall 271, 1010, 1150; Swain’s Canyon, 
623. SNAKE’S HEAD, LAVA DAISY. 


5. TARAXACUM Haller. 


Perennial acaulescent herbs with pinnatifid or toothed leaves all 
in a basal tuft and large heads of yellow flowers terminating usually 
simple and naked hollow scapes. Principle bracts of the involucre 
nearly equal, the outer much shorter and in several series. Receptacle 
flat, naked. Rays 5-toothed at the truncate summit. Achenes oblong 
or linear-fusiform, 4 or 5-angled, 5-10-nerved, somewhat spinulose 
above, tapering into a slender beak bearing at its summit a copious 
pappus of unequal persistent bristles. 


‘. T. Taraxacum (Linn.) Karst. Deutsch. F1.1138 (1880-3). 
Leontodon Taraxacum Linn. Sp. Pl. 798 (1753): 
Taraxacum vulgare Schrank Prim. FI. Salisb. 193 (1792). 
Taraxacum officinale Web. Prim. Pl. Holst. 56 (1780). 
Taraxacum Dens-Leonis Desf. Fl. Atlan. 2:228 (1800). 


Root thick, long, bitter ; leaves oblong or spatulate in outline, irreg- 
ularly dentate to sinuate-pinnatifid, from a few cm. to approximately 
3dm. long, usually pubescent when young and somewhat succulent ; 
inner bracts of the involucre linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, 10-15 
mm. long, outer ones similar but shorter, reflexed; flowers yellow; 
pappus brownish or white raised in a globular mass upon the long, 
filiform beak of the achene. 


A European immigrant, hardly, as yet naturalized. A single specimen found 
in a lawn at Avalon, Millsp. 4883. DANDELION. 


6. LACTUCA Tourn. 


Tall leafy-stemmed herbs with panicled heads of yellow flowers 
(in our species). Leaves alternate. Involucre cylindrical or conical 


ILoRA OF SANTA CaTALinaA IsLAND—MILtspauGH & NUTTALL 259 


when in fruit, its bracts imbricated in two or more series of unequal 
lengths. Rays 5-toothed at summit. Achenes obcompressed, i.e. flat- 
tened parallel to the bracts, I-5-nerved on each face, contracted into a 
beak which bears at its dilated summit a copious very soft and white, 
or brown, capillary pappus the hairs of which fall separately. 


tr. L.virosa Linn. Sp. Pl.795 (1753). 
Lactuca Scariola Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2:1119 (1763). 


Biennial, green and glaucous ; stem stiff, leafy, usually paniculately 
branched, glabrous throughout or bristly hirsute at the base, 18-70 dm. 
high. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, spinulose margined, pinna- 
tifid or denticulate, sessile or auriculate clasping, the lowest sometimes 
25 x 8dm., the upper much smaller; midrib spinulose or hispid; heads 
4-8 mm. broad, 6-12-flowered, very numerous in an open panicle; invo- 
lucre cylindric, 2-3 mm. thick, its outer bracts about one-third the 
length of the inner; rays yellow; achenes obovate-oblong, about as 
long as the filiform beak; pappus white. 

Dry, gravelly situations. July to August. Arroya of Rock Spring canyon 
near the road bridge, Nuttall 604. PRICKLY LETTUCE. 

Our Catalina specimens represent a form. that, while presenting the usual 
leaf form of the species, has strong hispid-pubescence on both surfaces of the 
leaves as well as on the midribs and margins, and the branches of the inflor- 
escence. Of this Prof. B. L. Robinson says: “I have spent some time searching 
for any mention of such a variation and have consulted a good many European 
Floras but entirely without success. I find no material of the species in the 
Gray Herbarium which shows a similar hispidity either among our American or 
Old World specimens. Further search might disclose some account of this 
peculiarity which is sufficiently noteworthy to put your Catalina specimens on 
record.” 


7. SONCHUS Linn. 


Leafy-stemmed coarse succulent herbs, chiefly smooth and glauc- 
ous. Heads cymose or umbellate, swollen at the base or jug-shaped. 
Involucral bracts few, thin, with many shorter ones at the base; these 
becoming callous-thickened. Flowers yellow. Achenes obcompressed, 
ribbed, not beaked. Pappus copious of cottony-white exceedingly soft 
and fine hairs, mainly falling together. 


Involucral bracts thick, fleshy. I. tenerrimus. 
Involucral scales thin: 
Achenes minutely rugose-scabrous. 2. oleraceus. 
Achenes smooth. 3. asper. 


1. §.tenerrimus Linn. Sp. Pl.794 (1753). 


Much branched, 3-10 dm. or less high, very leafy up to the short 
_ pendunculate heads ; herbage glabrous ; leaves oblong in outline the lin- 
ear or narrowly lanceolate lobes commonly cuspidate and either spinu- 


260 Fietp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vou. V. 


losely denticulate or entire; bracts thick and fleshy at their bases; 
achenes longitudinally striate and transversely rugose. 


A native of Europe introduced on several of the Channel Islands where 
it has the appearance of being native.* On rocks, in clefts, of a water course 
» and on moist slopes, Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Brandegee; in the dry bed of the 
canyon south of Chicken Johnny’s,. Millsp. 4544.. Cherry Cafion, Smith 5089a, 
Knopf 224, 


2. §S.oleraceus Linn. Sp. Pl. 794 (1753). 


A nearly simple-stemmed annual, 3-30 dm. high; leaves with the 
terminal segment commonly large and triangular, denticulate or 
toothed; lower leaves petioled; uppermost sessile and commonly 
lanceolate; peduncles occasionally glandular-hirsute; involucres 8-16 
mm. high, the bracts thin; achenes longitudinally ribbed and trans- 
versely rugose. 

A native of Europe now established as a weed in waste places. January 


to June. Moist situations near Avalon, McClatchie; Millsp. 4528, 4714, 4884; 
Nuttall 574. SOW THISTLE. 


3. S.asper (Linn.) Hill, Herb. Brit. 1:47 (1769). 
Sonchus oleraceus asper Linn. Sp. Pl. 794 (1753). 


Very similar to the preceding species, but the leaves sometimes 
undivided and commonly clasping by an auricled base, the auricles 
rounded; margins spinulose-denticulate; peduncles often conspicu- 
ously hirsute with spreading gland-tipped hairs; achenes flat, marg- 
ined with a narrow wing and longitudinally ribbed, the intervals be- 
tween the ribs smooth but the ribs as well as the marginal wing rugu- 
lose. 

A native of Europe now commonly established in California with the pre- 
vious species. January to June. Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Brandegee. Waste 
grounds in the vicinity of Avalon, Smith 4981, 4082; Millsp. 4539; Nuttall 93, 
173; Gallagher’s Canyon and Middle Ranch, Millsp. 4864; 4603; Knopf 45, 222; 
Benwie: ¢ feet high in Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 380. PRICKLY SOW 
THISTLE. 


Family 4. AMBROSIACE, 
RAGWEED FAMILY 


Annual or perennial herbs, moncecious or sometimes dicecious, 
many of them weeds; some shrubby; leaves alternate or the lower 
opposite; heads small composed of greenish or white flowers subtended 
by an involucre of few, separate or united, bracts, the pistillate heads 
sometimes larger and nut- or bur-like. Staminate and pistillate flowers 


*Thos. Nuttall collected this species at San Diego and, considering it a 
native species peculiar to California named his plant Sonchus tenuifolius in 
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. s. 7:438 (1841). San Diego, Millsp. 4427. 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA IsSLAND—MILispAuGH & NUTTALL 261 


in the same heads or in separate heads. Receptacle chaffy. Pistillate 
flowers with no corolla or this reduced to a short tube or ring; calyx 
adnate to the 1-celled ovary, its limb none or a mere border; style 2- 
cleft. Staminate flowers with a funnelform, tubular or obconic 4-5- 
lobed corolla; stamens mostly 5, separate, or their anthers merely con- 
nivent, not truly syngenesious, with short inflexed appendages; ovary 
rudimentary ; summit of the style often hairy or pencillate. 


Staminate heads with united involucral bracts: 


Pistillate involucre prickled in one row only. 1. AMBROSIA. 

Pistillate involucre prickled in several rows. 2. GAERTNERIA. 
Staminate heads with separate involucral bracts: 

Pistillate involucre prickly throughout. 3. XMANTHIUM. 


1. AMBROSIA Linn. 


Coarse perennial moncecious herbs in our flora with mainly alter- 
nate pinnatifid leaves and inconspicuous greenish flowers. Staminate 
heads nodding, in erect ament-like leafless racemes; involucral bracts 
united into a broadly turbinate cup; receptacle with slender bracts 
subtending at least the outer flowers; corollas funnelform, 5-lobed. 
Pistillate heads in the axils of the upper leaves at the base of the 
staminate racemes; involucre oblong or turbinate, closed, containing 
but a single flower; corolla none; pappus none; fruit an achene-like 
bur which is beaked or pointed and commonly armed near the tip with 
‘a single row of prickles. 


1. A. psilostachya DC. Prodr.5:526 (1836). 


Stems simple, erect, commonly 5-10 dm. high from slender running 
rootstocks; herbage scabrous or short-hirsute, somewhat strigose; 
leaves once or the lower twice pinnatifid with acute lobes; fruit an 
ovoid, turgid bur about 3 mm. long, mostly solitary in the axils, pube- 
scent, rugose-reticulate, bearing 4 protuberances, or sometimes un- 
armed. 

A weed of waste places. July and August. Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Brand- 


egee; in the creek bed at Middle Ranch and fields at the Isthmus, Nuttall 661, 
810. WESTERN RAGWEED. 


2. GHERTNERIA Med. 


Herbs or shrubs with chiefly alternate leaves and in habit flowers 
and inflorescence similar to Ambrosia. Pistillate heads 1-4-flowered ; 
‘the involucre closed, 1-4-celled and 1-4-beaked or beak-pointed ; 
prickles in several rows causing the fruit to become a bur. 


262 Fretp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vor. V. 


t. G. bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1:339 (1891). 
Franseria bipinnatifida Nutt. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7:344 (1841). 
Franseria bipinnatifida dubia Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3, 

reti7 (1897); 


Stems procumbent, 6-10 dm. long from an herbaceous perennial 
root, somewhat hirsute; leaves 3-10 cm. long, twice or thrice pinnately 
parted into oblong lobes, canescent or almost silky; staminate heads in 
dense terminal spikes or racemes; fruiting involucre ovate-fusiform 
armed with thick, somewhat flattened, spines, some of which are curved 
at the tip but not at all hooked. 


Coastal sands and dunes. July to Angust. Trask; Brandegee; Howland’s — 


Landing, Nuttall 808; Little Harbor, Knopf 196. 


3. KANTHIUM Linn. 


Coarse annual weeds with widely branching and very stout stems. 
Leaves alternate, toothed or lobed, petioled. Heads unisexual, the 
flowers greenish. Staminate heads subglobose, in a terminal cluster ; 
involucre of several distinct narrow bracts in I or 2-series; receptacle 
cylindrical; flowers many, separated by the bracts of the receptacle; 
corolla tubular. Pistillate heads axillary, below the staminate; invo- 
lucre closed forming, in fruit, an ovoid or oblong indurated bur covered 
with hooked prickles, 1 or 2-beaked, 2-celled each cell containing one 
flower, corolla none; pappus none; style 2-cleft its branches exserted 
through a canal in the beaks. 


Plants spinous, bur about 1 cm. I. spinosum. 
Plants net spinous, bur about 3 cm. 2. pennsylvanicum. 


1. X.spinosum Linn. Sp. Pl.g87 (1753). 


Stem puberulent, much branched; leaves lanceolate or ovate- 
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 2-4-lobed, the upper sometimes entire, 
narrowed at the base into a short petiole, green above white pubescent 
beneath, axillary spines 2.5 cm. long, 3-pronged, yellow; corolla pube- 
scent with short, rusty hairs; fruit narrowly oblong, 10-12 mm. long, 
sparsely beset with weak, hooked prickles, beaks inconspicuous, com- 
monly one rudimentary the other spine-like. 


Stony places and bottoms. January to September. Rock Spring Canyon 
arroya, Mrs. Trask (N. Y., Field. She says (1902): “rare, one locality only”) ; 
McClatchie; Smith 5168; Millsp. 4500; field border beyond the saw mill, Nuttall 
251; McClatchie (N. Y., Field). A large patch of the plant grows on the level 
above the stream in Cape Canyon about three-quarters of a mile up from the 
bridge at Middle Ranch—Millsp. SPINY CLOTBUR. 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspAuGH & NUTTALL 263 


2. X. pennsylvanicum Walir. Beitr. Bot.1,11:236 (1844). 
Xanthium californicum and acutum Greene, Pitton. 4:62 (1899). 
Xanthium canadense of various Los Angeles Co. records. 


Stems somewhat slender, scabrous or smooth below, 3-9 dm. high ; 
leaves deltoid-ovate or cordate, acute, 3-5-lobed, minutely setose and 
appressed scabrous 0.7-2 dm. long equal to or exceeding the leaves; 
fruits narrowly cylindrical, oblong, ovate-fusiform or ovoid, the body 
glabrous or glabrate or with short glandular pilosity, 1-2cm. long by 
5-8 mm. thick, openly prickled; beaks slender or thick glandular-pu- 
bescent below smooth near the always incurved apex, 4-6 mm. long, 
mostly sub-remote, strict and diverging. 


A common weed along ditches and in waste places on the mainland. Only 
_found, on Catalina, along Marilla Ave. and its extension around Reservoir Hill. 
December to September. Millsp. 4470, 4475; Nuttall 790; Banning Valley, Knopf 
187. COCKLEBUR. 


Family 5. CARDUACE. 
THISTLE FAMILY 


Herbs, rarely shrubs with watery or resinous sap and opposite 
alternate or basal estipulate leaves. Flowers perfect, pistillate, or 
neutral, or sometimes moncecious or dicecious, borne on a common 
receptacle forming heads subtended by an involucre of few to many 
bracts arranged in one or more series. Receptacle naked or with 
chaffy scales subtending the flowers, or variously pitted or honey- 
combed. Calyx-tube completely adnate to the ovary, the limb (pap- 
pus) of bristles, awns, teeth, scales, or crown-like or cup-like, or want- 
ing. Corolla tubular, usually 5-lobed or 5-cleft, the lobes valvate or 
that of the marginal flowers of the head expanded into a ligule (ray) ; 
when the ray florets are absent the head is said to be discoid; when 
present, radiate; the tubular flowers form the disk. Stamens usually . 
5, borne on the corolla and alternate with its lobes, their anthers united 
into a tube (syngenesious), often appendaged at the apex, sometimes 
tailed at the base, or sagittate; pollen-grains globose, often rough or 
prickly. Ovary 1-celled; ovule 1, anatropous; style of the fertile 
flowers 2-cleft, its branches often variously appendaged; stigmas 
marginal; style of fertile flowers commonly undivided. Fruit an 
achene. Seed erect; endosperm none; embryo straight. 

Corollas tubular, all regular (heads discoid) or only 

the marginal ligulate (heads radiate) : 
Anthers not tailed at base: 
Receptable naked. 
Style-branches thickened upward. Tribe 1. EupaTorIgcae. 
Style-branches not thickened upward: 


Involucral bracts imbricated : 
Style branches flattened and with 


264 Fir~tp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vou. V. 


distinct terminal appendage. Tribe 2. ASTEREAE. 
Style branches truncate, not 
appendaged. Tribe 3. ANTHEMIDEAE. 
Involucral bracts in few series: 
Pappus of paleae, awns or bristles. Tribe 4. HELENEAE. 
Pappus of numerous fine 
bristles. Tribe 5. SENECIONIDEAE. 
Receptacle with chaffy bracts: 
Heads not unisexual, anthers united: 
Bracts not infolding ray achenes. Tribe 6. HELIANTHEAE 


Bracts infolding ray achenes, Tribe 7. MAnIEAE. 
Anthers tailed at base. 
Anthers unappendaged at tip. Tribe 8. INULEAE. 
Anthers strongly appendaged 
at tip. Tribe 9. CyYNAREAE, 
Corollas all bilabiate, anthers tailed. Tribe 10. MUTISIEAE. 


Tribe 1, EUPATORIEA: — Herbs and shrubs with opposite or 
alternate mostly undivided leaves. Receptacle flat or somewhat convex, 
rarely spherical, usually naked. Heads always discoid and the flowers 
hermaphrodite-fertile. Corolla regular, purple, reddish, bluish or 
white, never yellow. Anthers not tailed at the base. Style-branches 
semi-cylindric, elongated, more or less clavate or thickened upward, 
obtuse, stigmatic lines only near the base and inconspicuous. 


1. BRICKELLIA EIL. 


Herbs or undershrubs (our species woody-stemmed perennials) 
with opposite or alternate veiny leaves. Heads small or medium-sized. 
Involucre cylindric to campanulate, 5-50-flowered; bracts chartaceous 
or membranaceous, striate, the outer ones successively shorter in most 
species. Receptacle naked. Corollas white or whitish, slender, 5- 
toothed at summit, the teeth mostly glandular externally. Achenes 
10-costate. Pappus a single series of scabrous or plumose capillary 
bristles. 


1. B. californica (T. & G.) Gray, Pl. Fendl.64 (1849). 


A straggling, moderately branched bush, 5-10 dm. high; herbage 
minutely puberulent to thinly tomentose; leaves alternate, ovate, 
crenate-dentate, mostly 2-4 cm. long, short-petiolate, usually with broad 
truncate or subcordate base but the small upper ones narrowed to the 
petiole; heads in small clusters terminating lateral branchlets of the 
leafy panicle, or the branchlets very short, the inflorescence then an 
interrupted strict thyrsus; involucre 9-11 mm. high, 10-15-flowered ; 
outer bracts roundish, very obtuse: inner bracts narrower, the inner- 
most linear and somewhat acute. | 

Gravelly stream-beds and chaparral slopes. June to September. Brand- 
egee; Lyon; Avalon valley beyond the Saw Mill, Nuttall 8209. 


Our specimens grew in rich soil on the borders of a cultivated field and 
have much larger leaves than usual elsewhere (up to 7x6cm.). 


—< 


ae: 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 265 


Tribe 2, ASTEREZ — Ours all herbs or shrubs with alternate 
leaves and scentless herbage (but sometimes resinous or gummy). 
Bracts of the involucre commonly well imbricated (nearly equal in 
Erigeron and Conyza). Receptacle naked in our genera. Disk flowers 
mostly yellow, perfect in all ours save Baccharis. Rays present or 
wanting. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-branches of perfect 
flowers flattened, conspicuously margined by the stigmatic lines, tipped 
with a hispid or papillose appendage (this character sometimes quite 
obsolete). Pappus mostly of awns or bristles not truly paleaceous in 
Catalina genera. 

Rays present, yellow: 


Ray achenes without pappus. 1, HETEROTHECA. 
Ray achenes with pappus. 
Annuals. 2. PENTACHAETA. 
Perennials. 3. SOLIDAGO. 
Rays present, not yellow: 
Pappus reduced, scanty or wanting. 4. CORETHROGYNE. 
Pappus well developed: p 
Rays longer than the diam. of disk. 5. ERIGERON. 
Rays not longer than the diam. of disk. 6. LEpTILON. 
Rays none: 
Stems suffrutescent : 
Flowers permanent yellow. 7. ISocoMA. 
Flowers yellow, turning brown. 8. Hazarpia. 
Flowers whitish. 9. BaccHaris. 
Stems herbaceous. 10. COoNYZA. 


1. HETEROTHECA (Cass. 


Tall hairy herbs with alternate toothed leaves and radiate heads 
of yellow flowers in a terminal cymose panicle. Involucre hemispheric 
or broadly campanulate its narrow bracts closely imbricated in many 
series. Both ray and disk-flowers numerous and fertile. Ray-achenes 
triangular-compressed with flat sides and narrow beak, their pappus 
none or caducous. Disk-achenes compressed, silky-hirsute, their pappus 
double, the copious inner bristles long, capillary and scabrous, the outer 
of short bristles or scales. 


1. H. grandiflora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2,7:315 (1841). 
Diplopappus scaber Hook. Fl. Bor. Am.2:22 (1829). Excl. syn. 


Usually simple below, .5-20dm. high; herbage villous-hispid or 
hirsute the inflorescence viscid-glandular and strong-scented; leaves 
ovate varying to elliptic or oblong, serrate ; the radical and lower cauline 
long-petioled, the upper sessile, commonly with a pair of stipule-like 
lobes at the base; heads numerous and in an open panicle when flower- 
ing in the autumn, few and scattered at other seasons; involucre 
7-9mm. high; rays about 30; pappus of disk-flowers as long or longer 
than the achene, in age brick-red, its outer series inconspicuous. 

Common along ditches and in open, dry, waste places up to 1200 ft. Jan- 


uary to October. Millsp. 4494; Nutiall 175, 570, 607, 611, 847, 864; Knopf 1109, 
215, 250. 


. 266 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


2. PENTACHATA Nutt. 


Low and very slender annuals with narrowly linear and entire al- 
ternate leaves. Heads small, solitary or somewhat clustered at the ends 
of more or less naked branches, nodding in the bud. Receptacle convex. 
Involucre turbinate-campanulate, its bracts in 2 series, narrowly oblong, 
thin or membraneous, scarious margined, mucronulate, appressed. 
Disk-corollas yellow or rose-red, very slender ; rays white, pink, yellow 
ornone. Achenes oblong, flattened, hirsute-pubescent. Pappus of 5-12 
slender bristles, often much reduced or all obsolete. 


t. P. Lyoni Gray, Syn. Fl.1,2:445 (1884). 


Erect, simple below or branched throughout, 1-5 dm. high, 
herbage lightly pubescent, at least the stems glabrate; leaves 2-5 cm. 
long; involucre about 5 mm. high, conspicuously hirsute with slender 
hairs; bracts nearly equal, linear, acute to subulate-acuminate, with 
green midrib and scarious margins; flowers golden-yellow; pappus 
bristles varying from 8-12 in number, somewhat dilated at base. 


Open, dry situations. March to September. Lyon (Gray, Field) ;* Brand- 
egee. 


3. SOLIDAGO Linn. 


Perennial herbs with alternate leaves. Heads small, the raceme- 
like clusters aggregated into a pyramidal or spike-like panicle, or in one 
California species the heads cymose. Bracts of the involucre narrow, 
thin or chartaceous, mostly destitute of herbaceous tips, imbricated in 
2 or more series. Rays short, yellow as also are the disk-flowers. 
Pappus-bristles slender, numerous, in one or two series, equal and dull 
white in our species. Achenes terete, 5-12-nerved. 


t. §. californica Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7:328 (1841). 


Stems rigid, simple below the terminal panicle, the whole plant 
6-12 dm. high or in the mountains sometimes only 1.5 dm.; herbage 
green and scabrous or grayish with a minute rough pubescence; leaves 
oblong, acute at apex, tapering below to a narrow base or short petiole; 


*Lyon says, Bot. Gaz. 11:201: “A new species of Pentachaeta, found 
originally near San Pedro in the spring of 1884 and confined to the area of a 
few square yards, was the following year traced to its original habitat on Cat- 
alina Island. The spot where found on the mainland has been for twenty-five 
years past constantly used for pasturing sheep just disembarked from that 
island, and the case cited is probably as direct evidence of the agency of ani- 
mals in seed distribution as any that could be quoted; nevertheless, with every 
circumstance conspiring during very many years to favor its introduction in 
manifold, the total “crop” of 1884 might readily have been the product of one 
fertile akene growing and maturing the previous year.” 


FLORA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MuitrispaucuH & NuTTALL 267 


the lower varying to oblong-ovate and serrate, obtuse, sometimes 1 dm. 
long; the upper smaller, narrow and entire; panicle usually compact 
and 5-20 cm. long, composed of raceme-like clusters (reduced to a sim- 
ple raceme in dwarf plants, the branches numerous, elongated, and 
somewhat secund in well developed forms); involucre 4mm. high; 
bracts oblong-linear or lanceolate, rather obtuse, somewhat pubescent ; 
rays 7-12, light yellow, 2 mm. long; disk-flowers rather more numerous ; 
achenes pubescent. 


Dry, open situations. July to December. Known to us only from one 
locality, Trask (N. Y., Field). GOLDENROD. 


4. CORETHROGYNE Nutt. 


Perennial herbs, some suffrutescent at base resembling Aster, 
flowering mostly in summer and autumn. MHerbage whitened when 
young with a cottony tomentum which is, often deciduous in age. Heads 
solitary, or cymose, or paniculate. Involucre hemispheric to turbinate, 
the bracts with green or herbaceous tips. Rays violet-blue or purple; 
disk yellow. Anthers tipped with subulate appendages. Style-append- 
ages flat, truncate, comose or with a bearded tuft at summit. Achenes 
pubescent, those of the ray sterile Disk-pappus reddish-brown, of 
rigid capillary bristles ; ray-pappus reduced or wanting. 


1. C. filaginifolia (H. & A.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7:290 


(1841). 
Aster? filaginifolius H.& A. Bot. Beechy 146 (1833). 


Slender, erect 5-10 dm. high, woody below; herbage arachnoidly 
tomentose, the tomentum sometimes deciduous, the inflorescence then 
glabrous or minutely glandular ; leaves oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate, 
the lower ones narrowed to a petiole and sparingly serrate toward the 
apex, the upper sessile and inclined to be entire, those of the inflor- 
escence reduced to bracts ; heads solitary and terminal on the branchlets 
or more numerous and loosely panicled; involucre campanulate or 
broadly turbinate, 7-8 mm. high or more, its bracts imbricated in 4 or 5 
series, narrowly lanceolate, erect ; rays 15-25, violet. 

Open, dry situations generally. January to October. Common. Trask 
(N. Y., Field); Reed 2816, 2835; Pendleton 1394; McClatchie (N. Y., Field) ; 
Knopf 229, 276; Millsp. 4619, 4620; Nuttall 198, 657, 894. 

There are many forms or races of this species, varying in vegetative 
characters, on Catalina as well as on the mainland. We can not appreciate 
specific distinction in Greene’s Corethrogyne lavandulacea (Leafl. 2:27, 1910), 
pe cered by Mrs. Trask, Sept., 1898, from his description. We have not seen 

1s type. 


5. ERIGERON Linn. 


Branching or scapose herbs with alternate or basal leaves and 
corymbose, paniculate or solitary, peduncled heads of both tubular and 


268 Fietp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vor. V. 


radiate (rarely all tubular) flowers. Involucre hemispheric, cylindric 
or campanulate, its bracts narrow, nearly equal, mostly imbricated in 
but I or 2 series. Receptacle nearly flat, usually naked. Ray-flowers 
white, violet or purple, pistillate. Disk-flowers yellow, tubular, perfect, 
their corollas mostly 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. 
Style-branches more or less flattened, their appendages short, mostly 
rounded or obtuse. Achenes flattened, usually 2-nerved. Pappus- 
bristles fragile, slender, scabrous or denticulate, in 1-series or often an 
additional outer short series. 


1. E.foliosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2,7:309 (1841). 


Plant 3-6dm. high; stems many from an herbaceous perennial 
base, erect, simple up to the open cymose inflorescence; herbage 
roughened with short rigid pustulate incurved hairs, especially on the 
leaves, or nearly glabrous; leaves rigid, very fragile when dry, linear, 
1.5-4 cm. long, 2-4 or 6mm. wide, only the upper ones reduced ; invol- 
ucre strigose-pubescent ; rays about 30-40, violet or purple, 6-8 mm. 
long; achenes linear-oblong, the margins thickened, pubescent with 
spreading setiform hairs; pappus apparently simple but usually with a 
few short inconspicuous outer bristles. 

Open, dry situations up to 1,000 ft. alt.. May to October. Vicinity of 


Avalon and Pebble Beach, Lyon (Gray; Field); Brandegee; Eastwood 6498; 
Pendleton 1410; Reed 2843; Nuttall 196, 359, 576, 700, 1208; Knopf 155. 


There are many races of this species which includes Erigeron stenophyllus 


Nutt. FLEABANE. 


6. LEPTILON Raf. 


Annual or biennial herbs with small racemose thyrsoid or 
panicled heads of white flowers; rays small, usually shorter than the 
diameter of the disk, or none. Involucre mostly campanulate its narrow 
bracts in 2 or 3 series. Receptacle naked. Ray-flowers pistillate; disk- 
flowers perfect, their corollas usually 4-lobed or 4-toothed, the anthers 
obtuse at the base; style-branches somewhat flattened, their appendages 
short. Achenes flattened. Pappus of numerous, simple, fragile bristles 
in I series. 


Involucre glabrous I. canadense 
Involucre pubescent. 2. linifolium. 


1. L.canadense (L.) Britton, Brit. & Br. Ill. Fl.3:391 (1898). 
Erigeron canadensis Linn. Sp. Pl. 863 (1753). 


Stem simple, erect, 6-25 dm. high; herbage hispid with scattered 
hairs or nearly glabrous; leaves linear to lanceolate the lowest spatulate 


oa 
i 


1 
§ 
‘ 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLaND—MiIxtspauGcH & NuTTALL 269 


or narrowed to the petiole, 5-7 or 8cm. long, mostly entire but the 
lower often acutely toothed or lobed; heads small, very numerous in a 
sometimes dense terminal panicle; involucre 4mm. high, either per- 
fectly glabrous or the outer bracts sparsely pubescent; ray-flowers 
numerous, their ligules white, shorter than or scarcely exceeding the 
pappus ; pappus simple. 

A weed of waste places. January to October. McClatchie; vicinity of Ava- 
lon, Millsp. 4508, Nuttall 767, 990. HORSEWEED. 


2. L. linifolium (Willd.) Small Fl. SE. U.S. 1231, 1340 (1903). 

Erigeron linifolius Willd. Sp. 3:1955 (1810). 

Rather strict, 2-7 dm. high from an annual or biennial root; herb- 
age somewhat hispid, also scabrous with a minute appressed pubescence ; 
leaves narrowly spatulate to linear, 3-10cm. long (the upper grad- 
ually shorter), all but the lower entire; heads rather few, in a loose 
panicle ; involucre 4-5 mm. high; its bracts linear-subulate, all copiously 
pubescent ; ligules very small, shorter than the style and the pappus, 
white; pappus simple, sordid and becoming ferruginous. 


In moister situations than the last. March to October. Hillside bluff 
Cherry Valley, Millsp. 4826; old field at Isthmus, Nuttall 875. 


>, ISOCOMA Nutt. 


Somewhat woody plants with elongated rigid stems and thickish 
closely sessile leaves. Herbage never resinous-punctate. Heads rayless, 
collected into glomerules which are either terminal on short lateral 
branchlets or disposed in a terminal cymose cluster. Involucral bracts 
coriaceous, closely imbricated, the tips herbaceous but appressed. 
Flowers permanently yellow. Corolla-tube slender, the throat ventricose 
or obliquely dilated, its segments erect or more or less connivent about 
the style. Style appendages subulate-lanceolate or broader. Achenes 
longitudinally striate or ribbed, silky-pubescent or hirsute. Pappus of 
numerous sordid bristles, the innermost longest and often distinctly 
flattened. 


1. I. vernonioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.2,7:320 (1841). 
Isocoma veneta vernoniodes Jeps. Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 560 (igor). 


Plant 4-12 dm. high, half woody at the branched base above which 
the stems are commonly simple up to the cymose or paniculate in- 
florescence ; herbage from minutely scabrous to villous-arachnoid, rarely 
glabrous; leaves oblanceolate, spatulate, or cuneate-oblong, 1-3 cm. 
long or the lower twice this length and the numerous fascicled ones 
much shorter, acutely toothed or the upper narrow ones often entire; 
involucre narrowly to broadly turbinate, 7 or 8mm. high, 15-35-flow- 
ered, its bracts with distinct green tips, commonly granulose on the 


270 «=Fretp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vor. V. 


back and with ciliate or erose white margins, varying from obtuse to 
acute and cuspidate in the same head, sometimes bearing an indistinct 
resinous gland; achenes linear turbinate. 


Common in open situations on dry soil. January to October. The Bigel- 
ovia veneta of Brandegee and Lyon lists. Smith 5163; Millsp. 4478, 4547, 4615, 
4776; Nuttall 259, 760, 796, 840; Eastwood 6491; Pendleton 1377; McClatchie 

N. Y., Field). 

A very variable species that has been published in many varieties and forms 
the characters of which intergrade showing mere races; these include Greene’s 
Isocoma microdonta, latifolia, villosa, sedoides and decumbens. 


8. HAZARDIA Greene. 


Shrubs or suffrutescent plants with brittle ascending stems. 
Herbage tomentose, or glandular, or quite glabrous, never resinous 
punctate. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, entire to spinulose-serrate. 
Heads chiefly paniculate, 20-40-flowered, turbinate or broader, ar- 
ranged in spikes, racemes or panicles. Involucral bracts numerous, 
closely imbricated. Rays yellow, changing to purple, or wanting. 
Disk corollas yellow, changing to brownish-purple. Style- 
appendages very slender, almost terete, minutely pubescent but 
neither comose nor with a bearded tuft at the summit. Achenes 
linear, 4-6-nerved. Pappus reddish. 


1. H.squarrosa (H. & A.) Greene, Eryth.2:112 (1894). 
Haplopappus squarrosus H. & A., Bot. Beech. 146 (1833). 


Suffruticose at base, 6-10 dm. high, the erect stems somewhat 
branching and leafy ; herbage finely pubescent and somewhat gluti- 
nous; leaves oblanceolate to obovate, obtuse but the strong midrib 
usually ending in a sharp point, somewhat clasping at the closely 
sessile base, sharply serrate; heads racemose or paniculate, often 
2 or 3 together in a close cluster; involucre turbinate, 10-12 mm. 
high; bracts imbricated in many series, the acutish tips of at least 
the outer ones recurved or squarrose-spreading ; rays none; achenes 
glabrous or sparsely pubescent. 

Dry hillsides. March to October. Vicinity of Avalon, McClatchie (N. Y., 


Field); Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Nuttall 791, Knopf 192, 225; Wells Beach Can- 
yon, Millsp. 4829. 


9. BACCHARIS Linn. 


Perennials, mostly shrubs but some herbaceous from a woody 
base, commonly resinous or glutinous, rarely pubescent. Leaves alter- 
nate. Heads many-flowered. Involucre imbricated. Flowers whitish 
or yellowish, dioecious. Staminate flowers with tubular corolla slightly 
dilated at the throat,'the limb cleft into 5 linear lobes; ovary abortive, 


Friora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 271 


style present. Corolla of the pistillate flowers very slender and thread- 
like, obscurely toothed at the apex, the teeth erect, not spreading. 
Pappus in the stefile plant of scanty capillary bristles; in the fertile 
copious and often very long. 


Evergreen shrubs: 


Leaves cuneate-obovate, up to 2-cm. long r. pilularis 

Leaves willow-like, up to 10-cm. long 2. viminea 
Herbaceous perennials : 

Leaves lanceolate, glabrous 3. Douglasii 


1. B. pilularis DC. Prodr.5:407 (1836). 
Baccharis consanguinea DC. Prodr. §:408 (1836). 


A compactly branched shrub, 1-3m. high or much lower and 
sometimes prostrate when growing near the sea; branchlets angular; 
leaves sessile, cuneate-obovate, very obtuse, I or 2.cm. long, coarsely or 
sinuately few-toothed or occasionally entire; heads solitary or several 
in the axils or in terminal clusters on the numerous leafy branchlets, 
short-cylindric or ovoid ; involucre 4 mm. high, the outer bracts broadly, 
the inner narrowly oblong sometimes denticulate at the apex; achenes 
ro-nerved; pappus of the fertile flowers abundant, becoming 10 mm. 
long, that of the staminate flowers dilated at the apex. 


Dry situations near the coast. May to October. Brandegee and Lyon 
lists; Mrs. Trask, September, 1897 (U. S., Field). 


2. B.viminea DC. Prodr.5:400 (1836). 
Baccharis caerulescens DC. loc. cit. 402. 


Distinctly shrubby and willow-like with strict, slender, woody 
stems 2-4 m. high, very leafy and producing very numerous short, 
lateral, flowering branches, striate angled; herbage scarcely glutinous ; 
leaves narrowly lanceolate, acute at each end, entire or sparingly den- 
ticulate, 3-10 cm. long, inconspicuously or not at all 3-nerved; heads 
rather numerous in terminal and lateral cymes; involucre 5 mm. high; 
bracts chartaceous, oblong or the outer ones ovate, destitute of greenish 
center, with scarious margins, erose and mostly villous-ciliate ; receptacle 
flat ; pappus of fertile flowers apparently smooth but minutely scabrous 
under the microscope. 

Low, damp places and along streams. January to October. Avalon Valley, 


Brandegee; Millsp. 4507; Nuttall 146, 567, 722; Trask (N. Y.; U..S.; Field) ; 
Knopf 64. MULE-FAT, GUATEMOTE. 


3. B. Douglasii DC. Prodr.5:400 (1836). 


Herbaceous nearly or quite to the base, 18 dm. or less high; stems 
simple up to the terminal cyme or with a few simple ascending 
branches; herbage very glutinous; leaves lanceolate, attenuate above 
tapering below to a short petiole, 3-nerved from the base, 6-12 cm. long, 
the upper reduced, serrulate or entire; heads numerous in a terminal 
compound almost naked cyme; involucral bracts linear or lanceolate- 


272 ‘Frecp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vor. V. 


linear with greenish center, the scarious margins erose-ciliate ; receptacle 
broadly conical; achenes 5-nerved, pubescent ; pappus of fertile flowers 
short and soft, of the sterile ones clavellate at summit. 

In damp places in canyon rills. January to October. Brandegee; Trask; 
McClatchie (N. Y., Field); creek bed east of Little Harbor and same location 


in Cottonwood Canyon, Nuttall 759, 853; Middle Ranch, Millsp. 4604; Knopf 266. 
MULE-FAT; GUATEMOTE. 


10. CONYZA Linn. 


Herbs, or rarely shrubs with alternate leaves and rather small 
heads mostly in cymes or racemes. Bracts of the involucre in two or 
more rows, often with membranaceous margins. Receptacle naked. 
Pistillate flowers in two or more outer circles; their corollas slender, 
dull white or yellowish, much shorter than the style, with notched or 
obscurely ligulate border. Perfect flowers central, mostly fertile, 
Achenes small, compressed. Pappus usually a single series of bristles. 


1. C.Coulteri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:355 (1868). 


Stems 2-10 dm. high, erect from an annual root, herbaceous and 
leafy throughout, branching above into an oblong panicle of numerous 
heads; herbage viscidly pubescent or short-hirsute with many-jointed 
hairs ; leaves thin, the lower oblanceolate in outline (often 1 dm. long), 
the main cauline varying to narrowly oblong and closely sessile by a. 
broad base (2-5cm. long), all thin and coarsely toothed; involucres 
3mm. (whole head about 5mm.) high; bracts linear-acuminate, the 
inner ones scarious, the outer obscurely white-margined; pistillate 
flowers numerous, their nearly white corollas only one-half as long as 
the style and with obscurely toothed summit; perfect flowers 5-8; 
achenes elliptic-oblong, minutely pubescent; pappus dull white, soft, 
much exceeding the involucre. 


Moist or rich soil. January to August. Vicinity of Avalon, McClatchie 
(N. Y., Field) ; ascending to nearly 2-m. at Middle Ranch, Millsp, 4602. 


Tribe 3. ANTHEMIDEAE—Mostly strong-scented or aromatic © 
plants. Leaves alternate, all or some of them finely dissected, pinnately 
parted, or pinnatifid, except in a few species. Bracts of the involucre 
imbricated, commonly dry and scarious or with scarious margins. Re- 
ceptacle naked, or pubescent, or with chaff-like bracts. Flowers white, 
yellow or greenish, either all perfect or the outer ones pistillate or 
neutral. Rays present or none. Anthers not caudate. Style-branches 
of pistillate flowers obtuse or truncate, destitute of appendage. Pappus 
none or a short scarious crown. 

Receptacle chaffy: 
Heads solitary, rays 10-20 11. MaRuTA 
Heads cymose, rays 4-6 12. ACHILLEA 


Receptacle naked : j 
Heads in panicled racemes or spikes 13. ARTEMISIA. 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 273 


Heads peduncled: _ 
Small, achenes pedicelled 14. COTULA 
Large, achenes not pedicelled 15. CHRYSANTHEMUM 


11. MARUTA Cass. 


Aromatic branching herbs with alternate never entire leaves. 
Heads solitary on terminal peduncles. Ray-flowers white or yellow; 
disk-flowers yellow. Involucre hemispheric. Receptacle conical, chatty 
toward the summit. Achenes not flattened, glabrous. Pappus none. 


1. M.Cotula (L.) DC. Prodr. 6:13 (1837). 
Anthemis Cotula Linn. Sp. Pl. 894 (1753). 


Annual, 2-6 dm. high, nearly glabrous; leaves mostly sessile, finely 
and pinnately dissected into linear acute lobes; involucre about 7 mm. 
broad, shorter than the disk, its bracts imbricated in several series; 
rays 10-20, white, 8-10 mm. long, at length reflexed; chaff of the re- 
ceptacle narrow and acute or bristle-like ; achene rugose, 10-ribbed. 

Waste places. June to October. Brandegee says: Zoe 1:114, “One of the 
recent introductions by way of Avalon where it is very large and abundant” 
(1889); Dr. Davidson says: Eryth. 1:60, “It covers quite a large area at 
Avalon” (1803). Knopf finds it (714) near the Wireless Station on Pebble 


Beach road, May 15, 1921; on Avalon Hill; and along the Foot Trail to Sum- 
mit. GOOSEWEED. MAYWEED. 


12) ACHILLEA Linn. 


Ours an erect strongly scented perennial herb with finely dissected 
alternate leaves. Heads radiate, corymbose at the ends of the stem and 
branches. Ray-flowers few, pistillate, fertile. Involucral bracts ap- 
pressed, imbricated in few series, the outer shorter. Receptacle nearly 
flat, the chaff membranous and subtending fertile disk-flowers. Achenes 
linear, or oblong to obovate, obcompressed. Pappus none. 


1. A.lanulosa Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7:36 (1834). 


A perennial, with a creeping rootstock; stem 3-5 dm. high, more 
or less densely villous, simple, striate; leaves 5-10cm. long, rarely 
more than 1 cm. wide, the lower oblanceolate in outline and petioled, 
the upper sessile and clasping, linear in outline; primary divisions 
lanceolate in outline, ascending, crowded, the ultimate ones linear, 
spinulose-mucronate ; rachis scarcely margined; heads in flat-topped 
corymbiform panicles ; involucre campanulate, 4-4.5 mm. high, 3-4 mm. 
broad, villous; bracts about 20, in 4 series, the outer lance-ovate, 
obtusish, the inner elliptic or oblong, obtuse, margins light-brown; ray- 
flowers commonly 5; ligules white, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, nearly orbicular, 


274 Fietp Museum or Naturau History—Botany, Vou, V. 


round-lobed; disk-flowers about 20; corollas 2.5mm. long, yellowish- 
white ; achenes 2 mm. long, with thick margins. 


A weed in waste places and fallow fields. January to October. Lyon; 
Brandegee (as A. millefolium); Macbride and Payson; dry fields at the Isth- 
mus, Millsp. 4617; upper Pebble Beach Road, Knopf 16, 81. YARROW, MIL- 
FOIL. 


13. ARTEMISIA Linn. 


Herbs or shrubby plants, mostly bitter and aromatic, with alter- 
uate leaves. Heads small, discoid, nodding or erect, in panicled spikes 
or racemes. Flowers yellow or purplish, all tubular; disk-flowers per- 
fect and marginal ones pistillate, or all perfect. Corolla of the pistillate 
flowers 2 or 3-toothed, of the perfect flowers 5-toothed. Involucre im- 
bricated, dry and scarious. Receptacle nearly flat to hemispheric, naked 
‘in all our species (except A. Palmeri). Achenes commonly oblong or 
obovoid and glabrous, with a small terminal areola. Pappus none. 


Leaves linear : 


Herbage glabrous 1. dracunculoides 

Herbage canescent at least beneath 2. californica 
Leaves broad: 

Glabrous or nearly so 3. vulgaris 

White-tomentose beneath 4. heterophylla 


1. A. dracunculoides Pursh, Fl.2:742 (1814). 


Plants 6-12 dm. high: stems not woody, either virgately or pani- 
culately branched above: herbage glabrous, strong-scented; leaves 
linear, 2-10 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, entire or the lowermost 3-toothed 
or -cleft; heads numerous, on very slender short peduncles in a close 
or open panicle, the clusters sometimes secund on the slender branches ; 
involucre nearly hemispheric, 2 or 3 mm. high; receptacle hemispheric. 


Dry, open situations. July to October. Trask (U. S.; Field); Beacon 
Street Canyon, Avalon, Aug. 10, 1920, Nuttall 786. 


2. A. californica Less. Linnzea,6:523 (1831). 


Gray shrub, 6-12 dm. high; herbage aromatic, clothed in a minute 
appressed pubescence, varying to green and nearly glabrous; leaves 
once or twice parted into linear-filiform segments, or the upper ones 
entire and more or less fascicled; heads many, in long racemose pan- 
-icles, nodding ; involucre hemispheric, 2 to 3 mm. high; achenes with a 
minute squamellate crown. 


Dry open hillsides. July to November. Brandegee; Mrs. Trask (U. S.; 
Field); Lyon; Reed 2810, 2811; Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 1373, 1374; 
Pebble Beach Canyon and Middle Ranch, Nuttall 835, 893, 9902, Knopf 42. 

Mrs. Trask records individuals of the species 30-36 dm. high with a trunk 1.5 
dm. in diameter. HILL-BRUSH. SAGEBRUSH. 


Lora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLsSpaAuGH & NUTTALL 275 


3. A.vulgaris Linn. Sp. Pl.848 (1753). 


Perennial; stem glabrous or nearly so, much branched, 3-4.5 dm. 
high. Leaves 2.5-11.5cm. long, deeply pinnatifid linear, oblong, or 
somewhat spatulate, pinnatifid, toothed or entire lobes, densely white- 
tomentose beneath, dark green and glabrous above, the lower petioled 
and often with I or 2 pairs of small lateral divisions at or near the 
base of the petiole, the upper sessile, the uppermost sometimes linear 
and entire; heads numerous, erect, about 4mm. broad, in panicled, 
simple or compound spikes; involucre oblong-campanulate, bracts ob- 
long, obtusish, scarious- -margined, tomentose or dui receptacle 
naked ; central flowers fertile. 


A weed in waste places. June to October. Brandegee reported as Art- 
emisia ludoviciana. MUGWORT. WORMWOOD. 


4. A. heterophylla Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc.2,7:400 (1841). 


Stems erect, woody at base, strict, 6-16 dm. high; leaves 4-10 cm. 
long, lanceolate to broadly oblong or elliptic, sparingly pinnatifid (with 
downward incisions), cleft, or often entire (especially the upper), 
green above white-tomentose beneath; heads mostly erect, the spikes 
in an open or more or less commonly dense terminal panicle, the main 
axis leafy below and bracteate above; involucre ovoid, 12-25-flow- 
ered, 3 or 4 mm. high, permanently arachnoid. 

Moist situations. July to October. Common along the creek in Middle 
Ranch Canyon and at Middle Ranch above the buildings, Nuttall 659, 894. The 
plants were from 1-3 m. high; the panicles sometimes 0.5 m. long; and the 
largest leaves 15 x 7 dm. 


14. COTULA Linn. 


Low herbs with mostly alternate leaves. Flowers yellow. Heads 
slender-peduncled, discoid, low-hemispheric. Bracts of the involucre 
greenish, nearly equal, in 1 or 2 ranks. Receptacle flat or nearly so, 
naked. Outer series of flowers pistillate only. Disk-flowers with 
4-toothed corolla, perfect, fertile or infertile. Mature achenes raised 
on pedicels, in our species compressed and spongy-margined or nar- 
rowly winged. Pappus none. 


Annual; pistillate flowers in 2 or 3 rows I. australis 
Perennial; pistillate flowers in I row 2. coronopifolia 


1. C. australis (Sieb.) Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zeal. 128 (1853). 
Anacyclus australis Sieb. Spr. Syst. 3:497 (1825-8). 


Plants 0.5-2 dm. high, with slender branching stems; herbage not 
succulent, sparsely pubescent with soft spreading hairs ; leaves once or 
twice pinnately dissected into linear lobes ; heads 2-5 mm. broad; bracts 
of the involucre brownish-tipped with scarious edges ; pistillate flowers 
in 2 or 3 rows, pediceled, apetalous ; disk-flowers nearly or quite sessile : 


276 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


achenes somewhat compressed, minutely hispid on both faces but the 
margin glabrous. 


A street waif adventive from Australia. March to June. Very plentiful 
in large areas on several town lots in the center of Avalon, Millsp. 4729. 


2. C.coronopifolia Linn. Sp. Pl.892 (1753). 


Herbaceous perennial, often subaquatic and then rooting from the 
lower nodes; herbage somewhat succulent, glabrous; stems commonly 
many and clustered, decumbent or ascending, 1-4 dm. long; leaves 
linear, lanceolate, or oblong, entire to coarsely toothed or pinnatifid on 
the same plant, dilated at base into a short sheath around the stem; 
heads depressed, 8-10 mm. broad; pistillate flowers in a single row, 
their pedicels becoming one-half as long as the involucre, without 
corolla; disk-flowers on much shorter pedicels. 


In moist situations or actually subaquatic. May to August. Trask (N. Y., 
Field) ; Brandegee; Lyon; mouth of Cottonwood Canyon, June 11, 1922, Knopf 
460. 


15- CHRYSANTHEMUM [Tourn.] Linn. 


Perennial or annual mosly erect and branching herbs with alter. 
nate, dentate, incised, or dissected leaves and large, usually long- 
peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, or rays rarely 
wanting. Involucre hemispheric or depressed, its bracts appressed, 
imbricated in several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle flat, convex 
or hemispheric, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, the rays white, 
yellow or rose-colored, entire or toothed. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, 
their corollas with terete or 2-winged tubes and 4-5-cleft limbs. An- 
thers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches of the disk- 
flowers truncate, pencillate. Achenes angled or terete, 5-10-ribbed, 
those of the ray-flowers commonly 3-angled. Pappus none or a scaly 
cup. 


Herbaceous; rays yellow, erose I. coronarium 
Fruticose; rays white, entire 2. frutescens 


1. C.coronarium Linn. Sp. Pl.890 (1753). 


Herbaceous, glabrous; stem erect, diffusely branched; leaves 
partly clasping at base, bipinnatifid, lobes lanceolate dilated at apex, 
incised serrate; branches nude at summit, I-headed; involucre cam- 
panulate, bracts all scarious at apex; achenes obscurely trigonal, convex 
and striate on the dorsum, lateral angles scarsely exserted the median 
angle produced into a small wing with a dentiform apex. 

A Mediterranean species formerly only known in North America from 


Ontario. May to July. Ina grain field above the saw-mill in Avalon Valley. 
Nuttall 134. 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 277 


2. C.frutescens Linn. Sp. Pl.1251 (1753). 


Fruticose, always glabrous; leaves fleshy, pinnatipartite, lobes 
small, linear, dentate, the upper divisions three, setose; flowering 
branches nude at the prolonged summit, single headed; achenes with 
narrowly winged angles. 

A Canary Island species not before reported as an established escape on 

this continent. March to August. Fully established in ditches and on road- 
sides at Avalon, Millsp. 4728. 
Tribe 4. HELENE — Herbs, or a few species suffruticose. Leaves 
alternate or opposite, in one subtribe punctate with oil-glands. Heads 
radiate or discoid. Involucral bracts mostly in one to three series, 
herbaceous or in a few genera with membranous margins. Receptacle 
not paleaceous, yet sometimes bristly or hairy. Anthers not caudate. 
Pappus of palez, awns, or bristles, or often wanting. 


Leaves all opposite: 


Involucral bracts unequal 16. COINOGYNE 
Involucral bracts equal 17. BAERIA 
Leaves alternate, at least above: 

Heads discoid 18. AMBLYOPAPPUS 

Heads radiate: 
Rays white (or never yellow) 19. PERITYLE 
Rays yellow, herbage white-woolly 20, ERIOPHYLLUM 
herbage never woolly 21. HELENIUM 


16. COINOGYNE Less. 


Perennial glabrous herbs. Leaves linear, entire, opposite, connate 
in pairs at base. Heads medium-sized, many flowered, solitary, termin- 
ating the branches. Flowers yellow, the rays pistillate, all fertile. 
Involucre cylindraceous-campanulate, its bracts broad and imbricated, 
the outermost short. Receptacle naked, conical. Corolla grabrous. 
Style-branches of the disk-flowers thickened upward and _ papillose. 
Achenes linear, striately 10-nerved. 


1. C.carnosa Less. Linnzea6:521 (1831). 

Jaumea carnosa Gray, Wilkes. Exped.17:360 (1874). 

Stems rather slender, many from the fleshy crown of the tap-root, 
mostly simple, 1-2 or 3dm. long, decumbent at base and rooting at 
the nodes; herbage succulent; leaves semi-terete, about 2.5 (1.5-5) 
cm. long; involucre I cm. high; rays mostly 5-10, not longer than the 
convex disk; achenes glabrous; pappus none. 


Saline mud of inlets. July to January. Trask (N. Y., Field); Brandegee; 
muddy bottom at Ballast Point, Catalina Harbor, Pendleton 1429, Reed 2853, 
Millsp. 4613, Nuttall 803. 


17. BAERIA Fisch. & Mey. 


Ours low and mostly slender annuals. Herbage commonly pubes- 
cent and often glutinous but never hoary. Leaves opposite, linear, 


278 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vo. V. 


entire or laciniate-pinnatifid. Flowers yellow, the heads on slender 
peduncles. Involucre campanulate or hemispheric, its bracts as many 
as the rays, ovate or oblong and becoming more or less carinate below 
the middle in most species. Receptacle from hemispheric to subulate, 
usually conical. Ray-flowers mostly 5-18, pistillate, showy in com- 
parison to the size of the heads, or the ligules sometimes very short. 
Disk-flowers hermaphrodite, their style-branches obtuse and either 
with or without a minute appendage. Achenes linear but somewhat 
broadened upward. Pappus of palez, or awns, or both or none. 


1. B.chrysostoma Iisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2:29 
(1835). 

Plant low and with unbranched stems when growing in especially 
poor soil; becoming robust, profusely branched, and 10-25 cm. high 
under favorable conditions; herbage strigulose to hirsute; leaves nar- 
rowly linear, 3mm. or less wide, entire; involucre broad, 3-6 mm. 
high; bracts 10-15 (or even 18) or in depauperate plants 5-10; ray- 
flowers as many as the bracts; ligules 3-8 mm. long; style-tips capitate 
and seldom, if ever, with a minute apiculation; achenes in the typical 
form linear-clavate, slightly rounded at summit, either perfectly smooth 
and shining or with minute rounded papille: Pappus in the typical 
form none(?). 

Dry hillsides and sandy levels. March to July. Gambel; Trask (N. Y., 
Field) ; Brandegee; Lyon (Gray; Field); all as Baeria Palmeri clementina; 
Brandegee (as Baeria gracilis); Smith 4995, 5027; Millsp. 4780; Nuttall 3, 241; 
Moxley 748; Knopf 47, 126; Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 396. GOLD FIELDS, 
SUNSHINE, GOLDEN MONTH. 

We are entirely unable to find characters in any of the Catalina or main- 
land specimens upon which a consistent variety could be based; while the races 


are so many, and the characters so interspersed, that even forms cannot be 
designated unless each individual plant is given a form name. 


al 


18. AMBLYOPAPPUS Hook. & Arn. 


Low annual with gummy, sweet-scented herbage. Heads small, 
discoid, in loose elongated cymes and racemes terminating the simple 
erect stems. Involucral bracts 4-6, rather broad, ovate-oblong. Re- 
ceptacle small, conical. Achenes small, 4-angled, narrowed below. 
Pappus of 8-12 oblong obtuse palez, often colored. 


1. A. pusillus Hook. & Arn. Jour. Bot. 3:321 (1841). 
Aromia tenuifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2,7:396 (1841). 
Plant about 2 (rarely 5) dm. high; leaves alternate, linear, entire 


or the lower pinnately 3-5-parted and somewhat opposite; involucres 
3mm. high; flowers 5-25, yellowish. 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLanD—MILtspaucH & NUTTALL 279 


Dry bluffs near the sea. June to August. Trask (N. Y.; Field); Mc- 
Clatchie (N. Y.; Field) ; Brandegee; Lyon; Pebble Beach Road, and bluffs at 
the Isthmus, Reed 2812, 2851; Pendleton 1432, 1376; Nuttall 257. COQUIMBO. 


19. PERITYLE Benth. 


Annual or biennial herbs. Herbage glabrous or viscid-pubescent, 
never white-woolly. Leaves petiolate, the upper alternate, the lower 
often opposite. Heads numerous, on evident peduncles, many-flow- 
ered. Involcural bracts in a single series, the margins overlapping, 
faintly keeled externally, shallowly grooved on the inner surface the 
groove being occupied by the outer edge of the ray-achene. Disk- 
flowers numerous, yellow, 4-toothed. Rays short, white or yellow. 
Achenes flat with ciliate or cartilaginous margins. Pappus a squamel- 
late or cupulate crown and often a slender’ awn from one or both of 
the angles. 


1. P.Emoryi Torr. Emory’s Rep. N. Mex. 142 (1848). 


Plant 3-6 dm. high, with striate stems freely branching and widely 
spreading from an annual or more enduring root; herbage viscid and 
glandular-pubescent throughout and also somewhat short-hirsute or 
glabrate below, ill-scented; leaves roundish or cordate in outline, in- 
cisely 5-8-lobed or -cleft, the divisions acutely few-toothed; lower 
leaves 1.2cm. long, on petioles of equal length; upper smaller, often 
nearly sessile; peduncles 1-4cm. long; heads 7mm. high; outer in- 
volucral bracts oblong, acute, ciliate; inner bracts narrower, scarious- 
margined ; rays about 12, 2 or 3mm. long; all the corollas glandular- 
pubescent; style-branches with short minutely hirsute appendages; 
achenes flat, oblong to subclavate, black, smooth and shining or rarely 
puberulent on the sides, hispid-ciliate on the margins; pappus an in- 
conspicuous erose or lacerate crown and a single slender awn about 
as long as the achene, or the awn usually wanting. 

Dry bluffs and hillsides. July to October. Trask (N. Y., Field) ; Macbride 
and Payson 858; Chamberlain; Brandegee; Davidson; Pebble Beach Road, 


Smith 5049, 5052; Reed 2805; Pendleton 1378; Nuttall 573; Knopf 165; Cotton- 
wood Canyon, Nuttall 856; Silver Canyon, Nuttall 750. 


20. ERIOPHYLLUM Lag. 


Annual and perennial herbs or suffruticose plants. Herbage 
white-woolly, at least when young. Leaves (in our species) variously 
toothed, divided or incised. Involucre oblong to hemispheric, its bracts 
distinctly rigid and permanently erect, concave and disposed to enfold 
the mature outer achenes. Receptacle flat or convex. Rays 4-13 or 15, 
broad, rarely wanting. Tube of disk-corollas commonly glandular and 


280 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vou. V. 


hairy. Style-branches from truncate to conical or subulate. Achenes 
linear or linear-clavate. Pappus various, sometimes wanting. 


Rays 6-10; leaves 15-cm. or more 1. Nevinii 
Rays 4 or 5; leaves 3-cm. or less 2. confertiflorum 


i. E, Nevinii Gray, Syn. Fl.1,2:452 (1886). 


Decidedly woody below, about 10 dm. high; leaves 15 cm. or more 
long, ovate in outline, once or twice pinnately parted into numerous 
oblong obtuse lobes, equally white-tomentose on both sides; tomentum 
of the stems deciduous ; heads numerous, crowded in naked-peduncu- 
late, broad, flat-topped, compound cymes; involucre cylindrical, 6-7 
mm. high; bracts oblong, obtuse, rather loose; rays 7-10, short, yellow ; 
pappus of 4-6 erose pale, often unequal, the longer ones lanceolate 
and acute. 


Conspicuous on rocky sea bluffs. April to October. Ars. Trask (U. S.; 
Field) ; Brandegce; (Gray, lield); vicinity of Avalon, Reed 2806; Pendleton 
7381, 1382; Eastwood 6448 (F. G.); Millsp. 4825, 4896; Knopf 264. A form 
with finely divided leaves and blunter bracts is now and then collected—Cliffs 
near Sugar Loaf, Nuttall 641, Knopf 15%. DUSTY MILLER. 


2. E.confertiflorum (DC.) Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.19:25 (1883). 
Bahia confertifiora DC. Prodr. 5:657 (1836). 


Plants 2-6dm. high; stem slightly woody at base, often un- 
branched ; herbage with a close, dense (at length deciduous) tomentum ; 
leaves of the flowering branches 3cm. or less long, ternately or pin- 
nately parted into 3-7 narrowly linear divisions; heads in compact 
terminal clusters; involucre obovoid-oblong, 4mm. high; its bracts 


about 5, ovate; rays 4 or 5, yellow, about 4mm. long; paleae 8-10, | 


nearly equal, about half as long as the achene. 


Dry sea bluffs. The year around. Mrs. Trask (U.S.; Field); Brandegee; 
Our specimens all from sea bluffs in the vicinity of Avalon, Smith 5040; Millsp. 
4685, 4750; Pendleton 1361; Moxley 735; Nuttall 75, 568; Knopf 55. 


21. HELENIUM Linn. 


Erect herbs, ours perennial and with resinous-dotted foliage. 
Leaves alternate, sessile except the lower, often decurrent on the 
stem. Heads solitary or cymose, borne on long naked peduncles. 
Flowers yellow, or the lobes of the disk-corolla turning yellowish 
or brownish, either all perfect or the ray-flowers pistillate or neu- 
tral. Rays several, usually drooping. Bracts of the involucre 
linear, reflexed. Receptacle globose ‘or hemispheric, naked. 
Achenes turbinate, ribbed. Pappus of 5-12 thin or hyaline paleae, 
in ours short-pointed. 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLsPpAuGH & NUTTALL 281 


i. H.puberulum DC. Prodr.5§:667 (1836). 
Heleniastrum puberulum Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1:342 (1891). 


Paniculately branched, 6-15 dm. high, the branches ending in 
long, slender peduncles; herbage puberulent and_ resin-dotted; 
basal leaves oblanceolate, usually sinuate-margined; cauline 
leaves lanceolate, oblong, or the upper ones linear, entire, sessile 
and strongly decurrent on the stem; disk 10-15 mm. broad; rays 
reflexed, short and inconspicuous; disk flowers red-brown; Pap- 
pus-paleae ovate, short-awned. 

Wet situations. May to August. Davidson; Trask (N. Y., Field). In the 


creek-bed of the canyon above Chicken Johnny’s, Nuttall 270. SNEEZEWEED. 
ROSILLA. 


Tribe 5. SENECIONIDEA:—Herbs and shrubs or a few 
species arborescent. Leaves mostly alternate or radical (opposite 
in Arnica). Heads either discoid or radiate. Involucre mostly of 
a single series of similar bracts, sometimes with an outer calycu- 
late series, rarely imbricated in several series. Receptacle nearly 
always naked. Anthers mostly rounded at base. Style-branches 
of hermaphrodite flowers usually flat, the truncate tips pencillate 
and the stigmatic lines (which are near the margins) not meeting. 
Pappus of numerous fine bristles, rarely subpaleaceous. 


22. SENECIO Linn. 


Herbs or woody plants with alternate leaves and with heads 
in terminal cymes or rarely solitary. Heads many-flowered, radi- 
ate or discoid. Flowers in our species yellow. Involucre cylin- 
drical to campanulate, mostly with I or 2 rows of outer erect 
bracteoles at base, these elongated and exceeding the proper in- 
volucre in a few non-Californian species. Receptacle flat, naked. 
Anthers mostly rounded at base. Style-branches truncate. 
Achenes terete. Pappus of abundant white and soft bristles. 


Involucre copiously bracteolate; leaf-lobes acute 1. Douglasii 
Involucre sparingly bracteolate; leaf-lobes obtuse 2. Lyoni 


1. §. Douglasii DC., Prodr.6:429 (1837). 


Stems branching from the suffrutescent base and forming a 
bushy plant usually 1-1.5m. high, leafy up to the inflorescence; 
herbage at first whitish-tomentose, later more or less glabrate; 
lower leaves more or less pinnately divided into 5-9 narrowly 
linear revolute lobes, the upper with only 3 lobes (the middle one 
several times larger), or the uppermost entire; heads in broad 
terminal open cymes; involucre 8-10 mm. high, broadly turbinate, 
the bracts linear with attenuate tips, dorsally carinate below; rays 
about 13, the ligules about 10 mm. long; achenes linear, pubescent. 


282 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V. 


Common in washes and other gravelly places. July to October. Among 
the pebbles at Pebble Beach, Nuttall 287, 794. 


2. §. Lyoni, Gray, Syn. Fl. 1,2:456 * (1886). 


Somewhat suffrutescent at base, Im. or so high, freely 
branching and leafy throughout; herbage at first tomentose, soon 
glabrate except for persistent dense tufts of wool in the leaf-axils 
and often a sparse tomentum on the under side of the leaves; 
leaves once or twice pinnately parted into broadly linear obtuse 
segments and lobes, sessile by an auriculate base or petiolate and 
the petiole dilated at base; inflorescence loosely cymose, the 
peduncles bearing a few subulate bracts; involucres broadly tur- 
binate, 7 or 8mm. high; bracts linear, with acute pubescent tips, 
the medial line thickened and the margins scarious. 


Dry, open hillsides. May to July. Brandegee; Grant & Wheeler (N. Y., 
Field) ; along Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5057; Knopf 353. GROUNDSEL. 


Tribe 6. HELIANTHEA: — Herbs or shrubs with mostly 
yellow flowers, many with balsamic-resinous juice. Heads. homo- 
gamous and discoid or heterogamous with pistillate or neutral 
ray-flowers and hermaphrodite disk-flowers, the latter either fertile 
or sterile. Receptacle with chaff-like bracts each subtending a 
flower. Anthers obtuse at base, not caudate. Pappus various or 
wanting but never of simple truly capillary bristles. Achenes 
thick or flattened contrary to the subtending chaffy bract, never 
parallel with it. 


Outer bracts of involucre foliaceous, exceeding inner : 


Disk achenes thick, 4-5-angled 23. HELIANTHUS 

Disk achenes flat, 2-angled 24. ENCELIA 
Outer bracts of involucre narrower than inner: 

Inner bracts distinct 25. CoREOPSIS 

Inner bracts united into a cup 26. THELESPERMA 


23. HELIANTHUS Linn. 


Stout coarse herbs with rough leaves, yellow mostly entire 
rays and brownish purple or yellow disk. Leaves mostly alternate 
but the lower or lowest commonly opposite. Heads middle-sized 
or large, hemispheric, solitary on the ends of the branches or in 
terminal cymes. Bracts of the involucre imbricated. Receptacle 
flat or convex, its bracts persistent and embracing the achenes. 
Ray-flowers neutral. Achenes thick, slightly compressed, 4-sided 
or elliptic in cross section. Pappus of pointed paleae borne at the 
angles of the achene, often with very small intervening scales, all 
caducous. 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 283 


t. H.annuus Linn., Sp. Pl.goq (1753). 


Erect and simple or more or less branching, 5-30dm. high; 
herbage rough-hispid; leaves petiolate; deltoid-ovate, serrate, the 
uppermost narrow and often entire; bracts of the involucre ovate, 
slenderly acuminate, ciliate; bracts of the receptacle 3-cleft’ at 
apex, the middle lobe lanceolate and longer than the others; rays 
about 2 or 3 cm. long. 


Waste grounds. May to September. On the far side of Reservoir Hill, 
Nuttall 569. SUNFLOWER. 


24. ENCELIA Adans. 


Herbs and low shrubs. Leaves 3-nerved from the base, entire 
or remotely toothed. Heads on nearly naked peduncles, ours with 
showy yellow rays and yellow or purple disk. Ray-flowers neu- 
tral. Disk-achenes flat, in our species obovate or cuneate and with 
conspicuously ciliate margins, the sides either smooth or pub- 
escent in the same species. Pappus none, or of I or 2 slender awns 
in some species. 


1. E. californica Nutt., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2,7:357 (1841). 


Slender spreading stems 6-10dm. high, shrubby only below, 
usually growing in clumps of considerable size; leaves ovate to 
lanceolate, acute, 2-6cm. long, narrowed to the petiole, green, 
minutely scabrous or glabrate; heads solitary, terminating 
elongated nearly naked peduncles; involucre densely white-villous, 
10-15 mm. high; rays 16-30, 1.5-3cm. long; disk purple, .5-2.5 cm. 
broad; coroijla lobes either smooth or pubescent. 


Dry hillsides. Throughout the year. Vicinity of Avalon, Dall & Baker 
(Gray) ; Trask (N. Y.; Field) ; Lyon; Brandegee; Eastwood 6501; Smith 4987; 
Pendleton 1397; Millsp. 4527; Nuttall 20; Knopf 2, 78, 203, 263. SUNFLOWER. 


25. COREOPSIS Linn. 


Mostly herbaceous plants, a few species shrubby. Heads 
medium-sized or large, long-peduncled, solitary or in loose cymes. 
Involucre double; bracts of the inner series 8-12, erect, membran- 
ous; bracts of the outer series 5-8, narrow, loose and foliaceous. 
Flowers both ray and disk yellow in our species and the ray- 
flowers either pistillate or neutral. Achenes flat to meniscoidal, 
linear-oblong to oval, the margins either smooth or ciliate or 
winged. Pappus none or of bristles, scales, or teeth proceeding 
from the angles of the achene. 


284 Fierp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


1. C. gigantea (Kell.) Hall, Compos. So. Calif. 143 (1907). Plates 
IX & XIII. 
Leptosyne gigantea Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 4:198 (1873). 


Erect, robust, 3-12 or even 20dm. high, trunk fleshy-woody 
often 1 dm. or more thick; primary branches distant, horizontal or 
ascending, leafy only towards the ends; leaf-divisions filiform, 
from very short to 5cm. or more long, varying between these ex- 
tremes from year to year on individual plants; heads medium-sized 
(disk about 2cm. broad) on cymosely clustered peduncles 1.5 dm. 
or less long; outer involucre of oblong or lanceolate bracts; inner 
bracts longer, oblong, yellowish, the middle nerve prominent 
toward the base; rays 10-16, 2.5-3cm. long; ring of disk-corollas 
beardless; achenes narrowly oblong, margined, glabrous; pappus 
none. 

Rocky bluffs near the coast and generally well up the slopes. February to 
July. Lyon; Trask (N. Y., Field); Brandegec; sea cliff near Avalon, Smith 
5034, Nuttall 571; Grant & Wheeler (N. Y., Field); Knopf 56. NIGGER 
HEAD, TURPENTINE WEED. The succulent leaves are relished by brows- 
ing animals and also have been utilized as a pot-herb. The species is almost 
entirely insular and is becoming rare where cattle or sheep are pastured. It is 
now found only on inaccessible cliffs though there is a large clump in a fenced-in 


field on the east hillside at the Isthmus. The most characteristic growth is on 
Bird Rock (Millsp. 4630, Knopf 258). 


26. THELESPERMA Less. 


Perennial, sometimes annual or suffrutescent herbs, smooth 
and glabrous; with the habit of Coreopsis; opposite, usually finely 
dissected leaves and peduncled heads; rays normally golden-yel- 
low ; disk-flowers yellow, sometimes purplish or brownish. 


1. T. gracile (Torr.) Gray, Hook. Jour. Bot.1:252 (1849). 
Bidens gracilis Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.2:215 (1828). 


Rigid; 3-6dm. high from a deep perennial root, branching, 
naked above; leaves once or twice 3-5-nately divided or parted into 
filiform-linear or broader lobes, or some upper ones filiform and 
entire; bracts of the outer involucre 4-6, very short, ovate or ob- 
long; inner connate to above the middle, the edges of their lobes 
slightly scarious; disk mostly yellow, scarcely brownish after 
anthesis; achenes somewhat papillose or roughened, the bracts 
of the summit exceeded by the subulate awns; rays usually none, 
rarely pubescent, 4-5.5 mm. long. 


Avalon Valley, along the road beyond the saw-mill, August 10, 1920, Nuttall 
602; Eastwood 6526. 


Tribe 7. MADIEA: — Ours annual or biennial herbs (with 
the exception of one species of Hemizonia). Herbage often 
glandular or viscid or heavy-scented. Leaves alternate or oppo- 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILtspauGH & NUTTALL 285 


site. Bracts of the involucre in a single series, each partly or 
completely enclosing an achene. Bracts of the receptacle com- 
monly in a single series between disk and ray and often united into 
a cup or sometimes scattered among the disk-flowers. Rays always 
present in our genera though sometimes inconspicuous. Anthers 
not caudate. Ray-achenes always fertile, seldom pappose; disk 
achenes either fertile or sterile, their pappus paleaceous, awn-like 
or wanting. 
Ray-achenes laterally compressed 
Enclosing bract sulcate, strongly carinate 27. MADIA 


Ray-achenes commonly obcompressed 
Enclosing bract rounded on back: 


Achene half enclosed by the bract 28. HEMIZONIA 
Achene wholly enclosed by the bract: 
Pappus of 15-20 awns 29. BLEPHARIPAPPUS 
Pappus of 10 broad paleae 30. ACHYRACHAENA 


27. MADIA Mol. 


Erect annual and perennial herbs often glandular-viscid and 
heavy-scented. Leaves alternate (at least the upper), entire or 
serrate. Flowers yellow, opening in the evening and closing be- 
fore noon of the next day. Involucre angled by the carinate or 
almost conduplicate bracts, these in one series, each completely 
enclosing its ray-achene with which it is deciduous, and with a 
free moderately long or a short tip. Receptacle flat or convex, 
its bracts in a single row between ray and disk-flowers and often 
united into a cup. Rays few to many, pistillate, the ligules 3- 
lobed. Disk-flowers I to many, perfect, but their achenes mostly 
abortive. Ray-achenes laterally compressed, oblique, with narrow 
backs, rarely beaked, Pappus, in our species, none. 


Disk-flowers 5-20: 


Disk-achenes angular, plants stout I. sativa 
Disk-achenes flat, plants slender 2. dissitiflora 
Disk-flower solitary 3. exigua 


1. M.sativa Molina, Chile ed.1:136 (1782). 


Usually robust, 3-6dm. high; herbage pubescent with slender 
hairs and beset with pedicillate very viscid glands, ill-scented; 
leaves from broadly-lanceolate to linear; heads short-peduncled or 
sessile, disposed in the upper axils and in small clusters termin- 
ating short branches; involucre 8-12mm. high; its bracts hispid; 
ray-flowers 5-12, with pale-yellow ligules about 4mm. long; cup of 
receptacle campanulate and enclosing many disk-achenes; achenes 
cuneate-oblong and somewhat 4-angled, prominently 1I-nerved on 
each face; ray achenes somewhat falcate-obovate, either with or 


286 Fre_tp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


without an obvious nerve on each side; receptacle either glabrous 
or minutely hirsute. 


Dry open situations. May to August. Lyon; Brandegee; along the Coach 
Road and in Descanso Canyon, Nuttall 572, 231. CHILE TAR-WEED. 


2. M. dissitiflora (Nutt.) T. & Gr. Fl.2:405 (1843). 
Madorella dissitiflora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 7:387 
(1841). 

Very slender, 2-6dm. high, simple or loosely branched; 
herbage pubescent but moderately if at all viscid, at least below; 
heads loosely racemose or more often paniculate, the peduncles 
seldom very short; involucre 5-8 mm. high; cup of receptacle ovoid 
but not closed, containing few disk-flowers; ray-flowers 5-8, the 
sulphur-yellow ligules 3 or 4mm. long; disk-achenes short and 
broad, flat, not angled but with one or both of the faces more or 
less prominently 1-nerved; receptacle glabrous. 

Grassy hillsides. May to August. Mountain above Pebble Beach and 


upper end Hamilton Canyon, Nuttall 581, 580, 61; near Summit, Knopf 120; 
Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5038. 


3. M. exigua (Sm.) Greene, Eryth.1:90 (1893). 

Sclerocarpus exiguus Sm. Rees Cycl. 31:3 (1816). 

Harpaecarpus exiguus Gray, Bot. Mex. Bd. 101 (1859). 

Madia filipes Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:391 (1872). 

Stem slender, paniculately branched to nearly simple, the 
whole plant commonly 1-2dm. high; herbage viscid-glandular, 
sweet-scented; leaves linear, entire; heads on naked filiform 
peduncles ; involucre 3mm. high; its bracts 4-8, lunate and strongly 
carinate, the free tip minute; ligules inconspicuous; bracts of the 
receptacle united; disk-flower only one; ray-achenes laterally 
compressed, obovate-lunate, pointed by a small disk. 

Grassy hillsides. May to August. Lyon; Brandegee; Gallagher’s Canyon, 


Eastwood 6462; Rock Falls Canyon, Moxley 696; Avalon Canyon alt. 1,000 ft., 
and Cat Tail Canyon, Nuttall 171, 579. 


28. HEMIZONIA DC. 


Mostly annual or biennial herbs (one of our species somewhat 
woody) with at least the upper leaves alternate. Flowers yellow 
or white, in mostly numerous heads. Receptacle flat, its bracts 
deciduous. Ray-achenes obcompressed with a broad back, thick 
and turgid (never laterally compressed with narrow back), each 
partially enclosed by the lower part of its involucral bract. Disk- 
achenes sterile. 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 287 


Flowers yellow, leaves linear or broader. 
Rays 8-20, disk-flowers as many or more: 


Perennial, herbage not glandular I. clementina 
Annual, at least the involucres glandular 
Beak of ray-achenes curved 2. paniculata 
Beak of ray-achenes straight 3. floribunda 
Rays 3-8, disk-flowers not over 10 4. fasciculata 


i. .H.clementina Brandeg. Eryth. 7:70 (1899). 
Hemizonia Streetsit Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, 2:451 (1866*). 


Plant probably a half-shrubby perennial, 3-0 dm. high; stems 
many, at length much branched and leafy to the numerous 
cymosely crowded heads; herbage sparsely hirsute, not conspic- 
uously glandular, but more or less viscid above; leaves rigid, 
linear, entire or with a few short teeth; rays 12-20; disk-flowers 
numerous; ray-achenes rugose-tuberculate, stipitate, beaked; pappus- 
paleae of disk-achenes about 10, subulate-linear, unequal. 

Dry situations. June to October. At Isthmus, Nevin & Lyon; Trask; 


paced tee omer of Avalon, Eastwood 6492, 6533; ‘McClatchie (N. Y., Field). 
TARWE 


2. H. paniculata Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.1g:17 (1883). 


Diffusely branched above, 3-10 dm. high; the stem hirsute be- 
low, viscid-glandular above; cauline leaves narrowly oblong, 
laciniate-pinnatifid; those of the numerous short branchlets 
crowded, erect, entire; ray-flowers usually 8; their achenes rugose 
or pitted on the back and with a short upturned beak at summit of 
inner angle; disk-achenes usually about 13 (11-20), pubescent; their 
8-10 oblong pappus-paleze equalling the proper tube of the corolla 
and conspicuously pubescent or even erose at the summit. 


Dry open situations. May to September. Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 
1357; Snuth 5048, 5055; dried bed of Echo Lake Knopf 148. 


3. H. floribunda Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.11:79 (1876). 


A stout erect annual 6dm. or more high, the very leafy stem 
terminating in an elongated raceme or racemose panicle; herbage 
minutely glandular but not hirsute; cauline leaves linear, 1-3 cm. 
long, entire; ray-achenes about 20, in more than one series, some- 
what tuberculate-rugose, with very short straight beak; pappus- 
paleae of the numerous disk-achenes 5-8, shorter than the proper 
tube of the corolla, acute, conspicuously hirsute. 

Dry situations. May to September. Pebble Beach Road, in decumbent 


patches a half to one meter across, on the sea cliff, Nuttall 195, 352; and on the 
southwest hillside at the Isthmus 260. 


4. H. fasciculata (DC) T. & Gr. Fl. 2: 397 (1843). 
Hartmannia fasciculata DC. Prodr. 5:693 (1836). 


Paniculately branched above the base, 2-6dm. high; herbage 


*In part. Not of Proc. Am. Acad. 12:162 (1877). 


288 FrieLp Museum or Naturar History—Botany, Vou. V. 


sparsely hirsute and hispid, or disposed to be nearly glabrous 
above; radical leaves pinnately parted, 4-8cm. long; stem-leaves 
linear to oblanceolate, laciniate-pinnatifid, few-toothed or entire; 
those of the branchlets shorter and mostly entire; heads fascicled 
in rather dense small clusters, normally with 5 rays and 6 disk- 
flowers; bracts of the involucre glabrous or glandular-hispidulous, 
carinate by a thickened midrib, those of the receptacle slightly 
united; corolla lobes pubescent; ray-achenes smoothish or trans- 
versely rugose, with a very short beak; disk-achenes with a pappus 
of 6-10 linear paleae some of which are toothed or lacerate at tip. 
Dry situations. May to September. Lyon; Brandegee; near Avalon, Hasse 
(reported as H. Wrightti, specimen in hb, Field) ; Reed 2822; Hall 8285; East- 
wood 6487; Smith 5009; Nuttall 197, 575; Pendleton 1357; Knopf 208; 140. 


The form of more diffuse growth and less fascicled or all scattered 
heads—H. ramosissima Benth—grows on a hillside at the Isthmus, Nuttall 806. 


29. BLEPHARIPAPPUS Hook. 


Vernal annuals with mainly alternate leaves and medium- 
sized heads on evident peduncles. Bracts of the involucre flattened 
on the back below with abruptly dilated thin margins infolded so 
as to enclose the ray-achene, the tip flat. Ray-flowers 8-20; ligules 
yellow, white, yellow tipped with white, or roseate. Disk-corollas 
yellow their lobes hirsute or villous. Receptacle broad and flat, 
with a row of thin bracts, between ray- and disk-flowers and some- 
times additional ones among the flowers. Ray-achenes obcom- 
pressed, commonly glabrous, destitute of pappus, fertile. Disk- 
achenes usually pubescent, mostly sterile, in ours bearing a pappus 
of 5-20 bristles or awns, these rarely wanting in the species here 
recorded. 


1. B. platyglossus Greene, Pittonia2:246 (1892). 
Callichroa platyglossa F. & M. Ind. Sem. Petr. 2:31 (1835). 
Laya platyglossa, Gray, Pl. Fendl. 103 (1849). 
Laya platyglossa breviseta Gray, Bot. Calif. 1:370 (1876). 


Simple or more commonly branching below, erect or some- 
times diffuse, 2-6 or 8dm. high; herbage short-hirsute and usually 
with some small stipitate glands; basal leaves oblong, toothed or 
pinnatifid, the rameal narrower and either toothed or entire, the 
uppermost linear and entire; peduncles turbinate-thickened beneath 
the head; involucral bracts linear, with broad tips; rays 5-13, sul- 
phur-yellow, the tips commonly white, in Nuttall 294 purple, I- 
1.2cm. long; disk-achenes somewhat flattened, densely clothed 
with appressed silky hairs; pappus of 15-20 upwardly scabrous 
stout awn-like bristles nearly as long as the corolla, neither villous 
nor plumose, rarely wanting. 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 289 


Grassy levels and slopes. March to June. Gambel in hb. Gray; Lyon 
(Gray; Field) ; Brandegee; Hay Press, Isthmus Cove and Howland’s, Millsp. 
4779, 4813, 4877; at the first station, Nuttall 294, 1207; Knopf 48, 73; Cotton- 
wood Canyon, Knopf 397. TIDY-TIPS. 


30. ACHYRACHZENA Schauer. 


Soft-pubescent annual with narrow leaves, the lower opposite, 
and rather large heads terminating the few erect branches. In- 
volucre oblong-campanulate, its bracts lanceolate, each enfolding 
a ray-achene. Bracts of the receptacle membranous, in a single 
series between ray and disk. Ray flowers 5-10, little exceeding 
the disk; their ligules short and broad, palmately 3-cleft. Ray- 
achenes fertile, linear-clavate, all the ribs or the alternate scabrous. | 
Disk-achenes with a pappus of about 10 silvery scales, the outer 
as long as the achene, the inner nearly twice as long. 


1. A.mollis Schauer, Del. Sem. Hort. Vratisl.3 (1837). 


Erect, simple or branching, 2-4dm. high, pilose-pubescent; 
leaves linear, remotely toothed or entire, 12cm. or less long; heads 
solitary, in flower 15-20 mm. high, in fruit expanding and becom- 
ing globose, then 3 or 4cm. broad; rays light-yellow, soon chang- 
ing to reddish-brown; palee of the achenes expanding or rotately 
diverging. 

The only knowledge of this plant that we have is its inclusion in Brande- 


gee’s list. The species must have a very limited (probably local) habitat or its 
conspicuousness alone would have caused others to coilect it. 


Tribe 8. JNULEA:—Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees, with 
mostly white-wooly or glandular herbage. Leaves alternate 
(opposite in Psilocarphus) entire, or more or less dentate in one 
species of Pluchea (as to California). Heads rather small and dis- 
coid in all our species, homogamous or heterogamous, dioecious 
in some genera; Bracts of the involucre commonly white or scar- 
ious. Anthers, with very few exceptions, caudate at base the tails 
free or united in pairs. Style-branches of various forms but mostly 
obtuse or truncate, with marginal stigmatic lines on the inner 
surface, not appendaged. Pappus in all our species capillary or 
none. 


Receptacle chaffy: ‘ 
Fertile pistillate flowers destitute of pappus: 


Receptacle slender. Leaves alternate 31. STYLOCLINE 
Receptacle globose. Leaves opposite 32. PSsILOCARPHUS 
Fertile pistillate flowers (inner) with 
abundant pappus 33. FiLaco 
Receptacle naked: 
Herbaceous, Herbage woolly 34. GNAPHALIUM 
Herbage glandular 35. PLUCHEA 


Shrubby with willow-like stems 35. PLUCHEA 


290 =Frecrp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vor. V. 


31. STYLOCLINE Nutt. 


Low, erect or spreading woolly annuals with small ovoid or 
nearly globular clustered heads. Receptacle column-like or almost 
filiform, bearing at its tip, and therefore in the center of the head. 
4 or § sterile hermaphrodite flowers, each of these commonly sub- 
tended by a plane or slightly concave bract. Pistillate flowers 
marginal, each completely enfolded by the medial or (in one 
species) the basal portion of its very woolly subtending bract. 
Pappus none in the fertile flowers, sometimes of a few caducous 
bristles in the. sterile ones. 


1. §. gnaphalioides Nutt. Trans, Am. Philos. Soc. 2, 7:338 (1841). 


Diffusely branched from the base, commonly 5-15 cm. long; 
leaves broadly linear or spatulate-linear; the upper somewhat 
broader ones obtuse and 5-12mm. long; pistillate fertile flowers 
numerous, their bracts (barely 3mm. long) ovate, nearly plane on 
the outer surface, a central portion at the base produced on the 
inner side into a sac enclosing the achene, this portion firm, the 
remainder hyaline; sterile flowers little shorter than their bracts, 
with rudimentary ovary and a pappus of few caducous bristles. 


In dry situations. March to September. Brandegee and Lyon lists; banks 
along Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5061; mesa immediately above the ranch 
houses at Chicken Johnny’s, Millsp. 4921; dried bed of Echo Lake, Knopf 150. 


32. PSILOCARPHUS Nutt. 


Depressed or prostrate white-woolly annuals. Leaves oppo- 
site, entire, the uppermost ones involucrate around the small 
globose heads which lack a true involucre and are solitary in the 
forks or at the ends of the branches, or some clustered. Receptacle 
globose. Bracts.of the pistillate flowers clothed with soft wool, 
crowded on the low receptacle; each bract sac-like, half-obovate 
in side view, hooded and rounded at the top with the apex introrse 
(turned downward and inward) and beaked by a hyaline ap- 
pendage or scale. Pistillate fertile flowers with filiform corolla. Herm- 
aphrodite-sterile flowers few, occupying the center of the head, desti- 
tute of enclosing or other bracts. Achenes straight or slightly curved. 
Pappus none. 


1. P.tenellus Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2,7:341 (1841). 


Usually depressed, the forking stems prostrate or ascending 
forming a dense mat 1-3 dm. broad; herbage canescent with a fine 
and closely appressed wool; leaves numerous, spatulate or linear, 


Fora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MItispauGH & NuTTaLr 295 


mucronate, 0.5-1.5cm. long; heads in all the upper leaf-axils, 
about 4mm. wide; achenes oblong or slightly broadened upward. 


Dry situations. April to July. Ridge near Summit, Grant 1256 (in hb. U. 
S.); Cherry Canyon, Sith 5082; Moxley 724; School House Mountain near 
Ayalon, Nuttall 24. 


33. FILAGO Linn. 


Low woolly annuals with more or less glomerate small heads. 
Receptacle hemispherical or conical. Fertile pistillate flowers in 
two sets, the outer separated from the inner by a circle of open 
searious or chaff-like nearly glabrous bracts; flowers of the outer 
set, which is borne on the margin of the receptacle, commonly 
destitute of pappus, each loosely enfolded by a concave or boat- 
shaped long-woolly bract; flowers of the inner set provided with a 
pappus of copious capillary bristles, not enfolded by bracts. 
Hermaphrodite flowers in the center of the head few, often fertile, 
their pappus abundant. Achenes terete or nearly so, either smooth 
or minutely granular. 


1. F. californica Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2,7:405 (1841). 


Plant, or its branches, erect, 0.5-2 or sometimes 4 dm. high, 
leafy throughout; leaves 0.8-2 cm. long, narrowly oblong to linear 
or somewhat spatulate, sessile, commonly apiculate at the apex; 
heads ovate, 3 or 4mm. high, scarcely exceeded by the bracts of 
the inflorescence; receptacle convex, rough; bracts of the outer 
pistillate flowers 8-10, very woolly, deeply boat-shaped and some- 
what incurved at the broad and obtuse hyaline tip; bracts of the 
inner series thin and less woolly, plane or merely concave; all 
stellately spreading at maturtity; marginal achenes smooth; cen- 
tral achenes either smooth or dotted with shining papillae. 

Dry open situations. April to September. On a bare western ridge, Trask 
“y” (herb. N. Y.), “m” (herb, U. S.); Brandegee; Lyon; Pebble Beach Road, 


Bondleton 1420; Reed 2859; Howland’s, Millsp. 4812; Nuttall 47; Descanso Can- 
yon, Moxley 753; Salta Verde, Knopf 341. 


34. GNAPHALIUM Linn. 


Woolly herbs with sessile and commonly decurrent leaves. 
Heads white, yellowish or rose-tinted, disposed in panicles, cymes 
or spikes. Receptacle flat or convex, not chaffy. Involucral 
bracts scarious, imbricated. Pistillate flowers in several series, 
with filiform corollas. Central flowers hermaphrodite-fertile, with 
tubular, 5-lobed corollas and entire, obtuse styles. [Pappus a single 
series of capillary bristles. | 


292 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vot.-V. 


Pappus-bristles not united at base: ‘ 
Involucre imbedded in loose wool; bracts brown I. palustre 
Involucre woolly only at base; bracts scarious: 
Herbage becoming green in age, somewhat glandular: 
Root perennial; stems woody below 2. bicolor 
Root annual or biennial; herbaceous 3. californicum 
Herbage persistently white-woolly, scarcely glandular: 
Heads in loose panicles, involucre white 4. microcephalum 
Heads in close glomerules, involucre rusty 5. chilense 


1. G. palustre Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2,7:403 (1841). 


Plants 0.5-1.5 or.2dm. high; stems commonly several and 
erect or ascending from an annual root; herbage loosely floccose 
with long wool, sometimes partially deciduous; leaves nearly all 
spatulate or a few about the inflorescence oblong or lanceolate 
1-3cm. long; heads in small dense clusters at the ends of the 
branches; involucre barely 4 mm. high; its bracts linear, brownish 
or greenish at the base, the pearly-white obtuse tips somewhat 
denticulate; achenes either smooth or scabrous. 


Occasional in moist situations, especially at margin of water. May to 
September. Brandegee. SWAMP EVERLASTING. 


2. G.bicolor Bioletti, Erythea1:16 (1893). 


Stout, 3-6dm. high from a perennial root; stems branching 
and lignescent below, terminating above in a compact cyme or 
branching to form a more or less open panicle the branches of 
which are terminated by close cymes; herbage glandular, whitened 
by a very thick, dense tomentum which is deciduous only from 
the upper surface of the leaves; leaves oblong or linear or the 
upper lanceolate, closely sessile by a broad auriculate base, 2-5 or 
8cm. long, 0.5-1 (or the lower even 1.5) cm. wide, the margins 
commonly undulate and revolute; involucre campanulate, 6 mm. 
high and broad; its bracts white becoming sordid, at least the inner 
often with a greenish tinge; the outer ovate and obtuse, the inner 
varying to narrowly oblong and acute. 

Dry hillsides and arroyas. January to November. Trask (U. S, Field) ; 
Brandegee list as Anaphalis margaritacea; vicinity of Avalon, Mrs. Trask 10, 20; 
Grant 519; Smith 5073, Millsp. 4648; Nuttall 17, 292, 992; Summit, Smith 5112, 
Millsp, 4584. EVERLASTING, CUDWEED. OLDFIELD BALSAM. 


3. G.californicum DC. Prodr.6:224 (1837). 
Gnaphalium decurrens californicum Gray, Bot. Calif. 1:341 (1876). 


Stems stout, 4-8dm. high from a biennial root, cymosely 


branched at summit, the branches bearing glomerules of large | 


heads and forming a broad and somewhat flat-topped inflorescence ; 
herbage soon becoming green and more or less glabrate at ma- 
turity, glandular and _ balsamic-scented; lower leaves _ oblong, 
6-12 x I-2cm. diminishing in size upward and becoming lanceolate, 
all obviously decurrent; involucre 6 or 7mm. high, roundish, its 
bracts white or in age rusty-tinged. 


, a ae 


— 


ae 


— 


a A 


an 


oa 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILtsPpauGH & NUTTALL 293 


Dry situations. January to October. Isthmus, Trask (U. S., Field) ; 
Eastwood 6507; Avalon Valley, Smith 5074, Fisher 135, Nuttall 81; Pebble 
Beach Road and Middle Ranch, Millsp. 4697, 4571; Knopf 26; Rusby; Me- 
Clatchie; Macbride & Payson. CALIFORNIA EVERLASTING. 


4. G. microcephalum Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2, 7: 404 
(1841). 

Stems commonly 3-6 or even gdm. high, several from the 
herbaceous perennial base, branching above into an elongated or 
sometimes broad loose panicle which is usually less than 3 dm. 
(mostly 1-2dm.) long; herbage clothed with a bright white per- 
sistent woolly tomentum; leaves linear or narrowly oblong or 
spatulate, the larger ones 4-6cm. long and 3-12 mm. broad, mostly 
short-decurrent ; heads small, disposed in rather small glomerules 
or clusters at the ends of the branches of the panicle; involucre 
narrow, 5 or 6mm. high; bracts ovate or oblong and obtuse at 
apex, or the very innermost linear, bright white. 

In arroyas and canyon stream beds. ‘September. Big Wash Canyon and 


the upper reaches of Hamilton Canyon above the Wishbone, Nuttall 903, 862; 
Knopf 17, 67, 70; Eastwood 6473. 


5. G.chilense Spreng. Syst.3:480 (1826). 

Gnaphalium Sprengel H. & A. Bot. Beech. 150 (1833). 

Plant 1.5-6dm. high from an annual or biennial root, stems 
either several and erect from a decumbent base or single and 
wholly erect, terminating in a large close glomerule or branching 
above into a more or less open panicle less than 1.5 dm. long the 
branches of which are terminated by close glomerules; leaves 
narrowly spatulate the larger ones 3-6cm. by 4-12mm., or the 
uppermost linear or lanceolate, the short decurrent base rather 
broad and somewhat auriculate; involucre roundish, 5 or 6mm. 
high and broad, the bracts with a greenish-yellow tinge. 


Dry situations. May to October. Vicinity of Avalon. Trask (N. Y., 
Field) ; Brandegee; Fisher; Smith 4989; Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6463; 
Mountain Top near Coach Road at Summit, Nuttall 288; Knopf 43, 121. COT- 
TON-BATTING PLANT. 


35. PLUCHEA Cass. 


Tall leafy herbs or shrubs. Heads numerous, clustered in 
corymb-like terminal cymes, hemispheric, discoid, the numerous 
flowers purplish. Marginal flowers of the head pistillate and per- 
fect, with tubular-filiform truncate entire or 2 or 3-toothed corolla 
and slender 2-cleft style; central flowers few, perfect but some- 
times sterile, with tubular 5-cleit corolla (enlarged above) and 
trifid or merely notched style. Involucre imbricated. Receptacle 


294 Fierp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


flat, naked. Achenes grooved. Pappus a single series of capillary 
bristles. 


Herb; glandular pubescent i camphorata 
Shrub; pubescence silvery; close, dense 2. sericea 


1. P.camphorata (L.) DC. Prodr.§:452 (1836). 
Erigeron camphoratus Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2:1212 (1763). 


An erect annual, branching above, 3-8dm. high (ours 
8-16 dm.) ; herbage soft-puberlent, glandular above; leaves: ovate- 
oblong or lanceolate, acute at each end, glandular-dentate, short- 
petioled or the upper sessile, the larger 7-14.cm. long (ours 2dm. 
and less), and 2 or 3cm. (ours up to 5cm.) broad; involucral 
bracts chartaceous, ovate-lanceolate, commonly reddish; central 
hermaphrodite flowers varying from 10 or 12 to numerous; 
achenes pubescent; pappus bristles all slender, not at all dilated 
above. 

In moist (usually saline) situations. August to November. Trask; Mc- 
Clatchie. A wet spot in Soap Stone Quarry, Nuttall 904. 


2. P. sericea (Nutt.) Coville, Contr. U.S. Nat. Hb. 4:128 (1893). 
Polypappus sericeus Nuit. Pl. Gamb, 178 (1848). 
Pluchea borealis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17:212 (1882). 


A slender willow-like shrub 2-5 m. high; herbage silvery-silky 
throughout except on the old stems; leaves alternate, entire, linear- 
lanceolate, 1-3.6cm. by 3-6mm., acute at apex, tapering to the 
sessile base; the outer involucral bracts brown or purplish, firm- 
coriaceous, the white inner ones much thinner; style-branches of 
the pistillate flowers slender, long-exserted at maturity; central 
hermaphrodite flowers 20 or less their pappus-bristles slightly 
dilated at the tip. 

Margins of wet places. May to October. Brandegee; Trask; McClatchie ; 


Machbride & Payson 841; East End, Smith 5121; Pebble Beach, Nuttall 188, 
797. ARROW-WEED. 


Tribe g. CYNAREAi— Thistles or thistle-like herbs with 
alternate mostly prickly leaves. Heads large, homogamous, the 
Howers all, perfect, or sometimes heterogamous the marginal 
flowers then radiatiform and commonly neutral. Bracts of the in- 
volucre imbricated, usually prolonged into a spine or _ bristle. 
or provided with a membranous edge. Receptacle bristly or 
hairy, seldom with true bracts. Rays none. Corollas tubular, 
cleft into long narrow lobes. Anthers with elongated appendage at the 
tip, caudate at the base. Style-branches short, commonly united up to 
the obtuse tips, commonly with a pubescent ring below. Pappus 
bristly or plumose rarely paleaceous or wanting. 


Achenes inserted by their very base: 


Filaments distinct : 36. CirstuM 
Filaments united below into a tube 37. SILYBUM 
Achenes obliquely inserted 38. CENTAUREA 


— ee 


far *< ~—,* 


Oa ent 


2 


= 


= we S = = —- — 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILtspauGH & NUTTALL 295 


36. CIRSIUM Scop. 


Spiny herbs with mostly lobed or pinnatifid alternate or basa} 
leaves, all of ours more or less tomentose. Heads large, solitary or 
clustered, homogamous (rarely dioecious) ; the flowers white, reddish 
or crimson. Involucral bracts imbricate, the outer terminating in 
spines, the inner aspinous. Receptacle soft-bristly or hairy, not fleshy. 
Corollas tubular, their segments linear-filiform. Achenes compressed 
or 4-angled, smooth in all our species. Pappus of a single series of 
bristles connate at the very base and deciduous as a whole. 


1. C. occidentale (Nutt.) Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 509 (1901). 

sols occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 2, 7: 418 

(1841). 

Cnicus occidentalis Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10:45 (1874). 

Stout, 5-10 dm. high, white with a thick coating of cottony wool 
when young; leaves from sinuate-dentate to pinnatifid, not very 
prickly, glabrate above, canescent beneath ; heads subglobose on nearly 
naked peduncles; involucre 3-6cm. high; its bracts straight and 
subulate-lanceolate, with slender spines, not widely spreading, densely 
festooned with cobwebby hairs: flowers red or purple; corolla seg- 
ments longer than the throat; anther-tips narrow and acuminate; 
pappus rather scanty. 


Stony and sandy arroyas. February to July. Lyon; Trask (U. S., Field) ; 
Brandegee; Eastwood 6497; Avalon Valley, Smuth 5004; Millsp. 4893, Nuttall 72, 
78; Hamilton, Gallagher’s and Silver Canyons, Millsp. 4703, 4876, 4882; Knopf 
no) DEUS TLE. 


37. SILYBUM Vaill. 


Annual or biennial herbs with very ample prickly clasping leaves 
smooth and shining above and very conspicuously blotched with white 
along the veins. Heads very large, solitary at the ends of the branches, 
homogamous. Bracts of the involucre broad, appressed, bearing an 
abruptly spreading spine which is broadly lanceolate or ovate and 
ciliate-prickly toward the base. Flowers purple. Corollas with fili- 
form tube conspicuously dilated below the narrowly linear lobes. 
Pappus-bristles in several series, flattish, minutely barbellate. 


1. §S.Marianum (L.) Gertn. Fruct.2:378 (1791). 
Carduus Marianus Linn. Sp. Pl. 823 (1753). 
Branching, 10-20 dm. high; lower leaves 5 dm. or more long and 


over I dm. wide, sinuate-pinnatifid, strongly undulate at the sinuses; 
upper leaves smaller, nearly spinulose-toothed; heads 2.5-5 cm. broad, 


296 Fiecp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vou. V. 


exclusive of the broad stout spreading or recurved spines which are 
often 3 cm. long. 


A European introduction becoming naturalized. June to July. Trask 


(N. Y., Field) ; Brandegee. Sea beach at the mouth of Silver Canyon, Nuttall . 


316. MILK THISTLE. 


38. CENTAUREA Linn. 


Erect or diffuse usually rigid herbs with alternate leaves and 
medium-sized or large heads. Involucre ovoid or globose the bracts 
imbricated and ending in a needle-like spine or in a fringed or toothed 
(rarely entire) appendage. Receptacle densely bristly the bristles 
persistent. Flowers all tubular, the marginal much larger and neutral 
or the heads homogamous. Achenes somewhat compressed, mostly 
smooth, notched just above the base indicating the oblique or lateral 
attachment. 


1. C.Melitensis Linn. Sp. Pl.g17 (1753). 


An erect, commonly much branched annual, 3-8 dm. high, with a 
roughish indument, the stems narrowly winged by the decurrent 
leaves; basal leaves pinnatifid, the upper narrow and mostly entire; 
heads terminal and solitary, or 2-3 together; involucre I cm. high its 
bracts rigid, the outer with palmatifid spine, the intermediate and 
inner ones with a rigid spine 5-10 mm. long which is either simple or 
with divaricate short spines at base; flowers yellow; pappus-bristles 
in about 3 rows, the middle row long, the outer and inner very short. 

Established from Europe, in waste ground. Febryary to July. Lyon; 
Brandegec; vicinity of Avalon, Eastwood 6479 (hairy), 6480 (glabrous, Gray, 


Field) ; on the Golf Links, Millsp. 4713; Pebble Beach Road, Smith 5039, Nut- 
tall 74; Knopf 128. TECALOTE, STAR THISTLE 


Tribe 10. MUTISIE4:—Herbs and shrubs or rarely twining 
or arborescent plants. Leaves alternate. Receptacle mostly naked. 
Heads in our genera homogamous the flowers all perfect and the 
corolla bilabiate. Anthers with long tails at base; anther-tips also 
elongated. Style-branches of perfect flowers not appendaged, usually 
short and blunt, without node below. 


39. PEREZIA Lag. 


Perennial branching herbs. Involucre imbricated; bracts charta- 
ceous or coriaceous. Receptacle flat, usually naked. Flowers never 
yellow. Style-branches flattened above, truncate. Achenes elongated- 
oblong, terete, sometimes narrowed at apex but not beaked. Pappus 
of many capillary scabrous bristles. 


FLorA OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLAND—MILuspAuGH & NUTTALL 297 


1. P.microcephala (DC.) Gray, Pl. Wr.1:127 (1852). 
Acourtia microcephala DC. Prodr. 7:66 (1838). 


Somewhat stout, commonly I meter or more high, leafy; herbage 
scabrous-puberulent and minutely glandular; leaves thin, 1-2 dm. long 
by 3-8 cm. broad, oblong, mostly acute, sessile by a broad or clasping 
base, finely and closely denticulate ; heads numerous in terminal cymose 
panicles, 10-15-flowered; involucre 7-9 mm. high; bracts oblong, ab- 
ruptly acuminate or mucronate; corollas rose-color or whitish or pure 
white, bilabiate, the outer lip, and 3-toothed inner, 2-lobed; pappus 
soft, white. 


In the chaparral. May to September. Lyon; Brandegee; vicinity of Ava- 
lon, Eastwood 6493 (labelled P. sericophylla); Pebble Beach Road, Pendleton 
1368, Nuttall 353; without locality and in Cherry Canyon, Smith 4075, 5081; 
Banning Valley Camp, Knopf 169. 


Phylum B. PTERIDOPHYTA. 
FERNS AND FERN-ALLIES 


Plants containing woody and vascular tissues, producing spores 
asexually, which, on germination, develop small flat mostly green 
prothallia (gametophyte). On these are borne the reproductive or- 
gans, the female known as archegones, the male as antherids. From 
the fertilization of the egg in the archegone by spermatozoids pro- 
duced in the antherid, the asexual phase (sporophyte) of the plant is 
developed ; this phase is represented by an ordinary fern, lycopod, or 
horsetail. 


Spores produced in sporanges borne on the leaves, or 

panicled, or in special conceptacles 1, FILicALes 
Spores produced in sporanges clustered underneath 

the scales of terminal cone-like spikes 2. EQUISETALES 
Spores produced in sporanges borne in the axils of 

scale-like leaves 3. LycopoprIaALEs 


Order 1. FILICALES.* 


Spores all of one kind and size, produced in sporanges, which are 
borne usually in clusters (sori) on the back of a leaf or on greatly 
modified pinnae. 


Family 1. POLYPODIACEZ. 


Ferns of various habit, the rootstocks horizontal and often elong- 
ated, or short and erect, the leaves entire, pinnate, pinnatifid or decom- 
pound, coiled in vernation, mostly with petioles (stipes). Sporanges 
borne in clusters (sori) on the lower side or margins of the leaves 


*Determinations by Wm. R. Maxon. 


298 Firtp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vor. V. 


or their segments, stalked, provided with a vertical ring, opening 
transversely. Sori with or without a membranous covering (indu- 
sium). Prothallium green. 


Sori marginal or submarginal: 
Sori interrupted on leaf-lobes at the ends of the veins 
1. ADIANTUM 
Sori continuous around the leaf segments 2. PELLAEA 
Sori dorsal, orbicular or nearly so: 
Sori without indusia: 
Sori nearly confluent, leaves powdery beneath 
; 3. PITyROGRAMMA 
Sori distinctly separate, leaves not powdery beneath 
4. PoLypopium 
Sori with indusia: 
Sori borne on the backs of veins 5. Dryopreris 


1. ADIANTUM Linn. 


Graceful ferns of rocky hillsides, woods, and ravines, with much 
divided leaves and short marginal sori borne on the under side of the 
reflexed and altered portion of the pinnule, which serves as an indu- 
sium. Stipes and branches of the leaves slender or filiform, often 
polished and shining. 


Indusia recurving only a portion of the leaf-margin : 
f 1. Capillus-Veneris 
Indusia recurving the entire leaf-margin 2. Jordani 


1. A. Capillus-Veneris Linn. Sp. Pl. 1096 (1753). 


_ Rootstock creeping, rather slender, chaffy with light-brown scales. 
Stipes very slender, black, or nearly so and shining, 7.6-30 cm. long; 
blades ovate-lanceolate in outline, 2-pinnate below, simply pinnate 
above, membranous, 15.3-6ocm. long, 10-30cm. wide at the base; 
pinnules and upper pinnae wedge-obovate or rhomboid, rather long- 
stalked, glabrous, the upper margin rounded and more or less deeply 
incised, the sterile lobes crenate or dentate-serrate, the fertile ones 
with lunate or transversely oblong indusia; main and secondary 
rachises and stalks of the pinnules black or dark brown. 

Rare. On rocks near permanent water. June to September. Norris; 


McClatchie; rock of waterfall near mouth of Cottonwood Creek, Nuttall 851. 
MAIDEN-HAIR. 


2. A.JordaniC. Muell. Bot. Zeit.22:25 (1864). 


Plant 15.3 cm. to 6.8 dm. high, usually erect; stalks rather stouter 
than the last, nearly black, polished, about half the whole height of the 
plant; fronds broadly ovate or deltoid-pyramidal, simply pinnate 
towards the apex, 2-3-pinnate below; pinnae obliquely spreading, 
lower ones half as long as the frond; pinnules long-stalked, 8.4-31.5 
mm. broad, roundish or semi-circular or even reniform the lower sides 


Fiona OF SANTA CATALINA IsLanpD—MILyspauGcH & NUTTALL 299 


entire, the outer edge rounded, slightly 2-5-lobed, finely and sharply 
toothed in the sterile fronds, but in the fertile recurved and forming 
pale transversely elongated involucres. 

Prevalent on moist canyon slopes in shade. In fruit January to June. 
Mrs. Trask; Lyon; Brandegee (as A. emarginatum); Cherry Canyon, Smith 
5083, Fisher; Gallagher’s Canyon, Eastwood 6465, Milisp. 4463, 4870; Equestrian 
Trail, Rattlesnake Canyon, and White’s Landing, Millsp. 4773, 4594, 4859; Ava- 
lon Valley, Golf Links Canyon and Piedra Escalera Canyon, Nuttall 586, 587, 86, 
738; Pebble Beach Canyon, Nuttall 201, 361, 720, 1086, 1126, Knopf 30, 83. 
CALIFORNIA MAIDEN-HAIR. 


2. PELLEA Link. 


Rock-loving small or medium-sized ferns, with nearly uniform 
leaves, the blades 1-3-pinnate, smooth, the fertile divisions commonly 
narrower than the sterile. Sori roundish or elongate, on the free 
veins, usually confluent in a submarginal line. Indusium formed by 
the reflexed margins of the segments. 


Pinnules obtuse or emarginate 1. andromedaefolia 
Pinnules rigidly mucronulate 2. mucronata 


1. P. andromedzfolia (Kaulf.) Fée, Gen. Fil. 129 (1850-2). 
Pteris andromedaefolia Kaulf, Enum. Fil. 138 (1824). 


Rootstock slender, creeping, chaffy with narrow rusty scales; 
stalks scattered, erect, terete, smooth, brownish or reddish, chaffy at 
the base, variable in length: fronds 10.1-60.8 cm. long, ovate or ovate- 
oblong, 2-4-pinnate; primary pinnae spreading, oftenest opposite, 
ovate-lanceolate; ultimate pinnules glaucescent, subsessile, 4.2-8.4 mm. 
long, broadly oval, slightly cordate and emarginate, fertile ones with 
the edges rolled back to the midvein: involucre herbaceous with a 
narrow whitish edge. 

Under bushes and large rocks on canyon slopes. In fruit February to July. 
Trask; Brandegee; Avalon Valley and Hay Press, Millsp. 4559, 4677; Golf 


Links Canyon, Big Wash Canyon and Snake Canyon, Nuttall 90, 346, 721, 736; 
Rock Spring Canyon, Knopf 124. COFFEE FERN. 


2. P. mucronata D. C. Eaton, Torr. Mex. Bound. Bot.233 (1859). 
Allosorus mucronatus D. C: Eaton, Am. Jour. Sci. 2, 22: 138 
(1856). 
Pellaea ornithopus Hook. Sp. Fil. 2:143 (1858). 


Rootstock short, thick, knotted, densely chaffy with very narrow 
dark-brown scales; stalks clustered, rather stout and very rigid, dark- 
purplish or almost black, polished, 5.1-25.4cm. long; fronds 10.1- 
30.3 cm. long, rigid, broadly ovate-lanceolate, tripinnate or in smaller 
plants bipinnate; primary pinnae spreading or obliquely ascending, 
linear, bearing from a few up to 16 pairs of usually trifoliolate, but 
varying to simple or to 5-7-foliolate, nearly sessile pinnules, which are 


300 Fretp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vor. V. 


commonly 3-6.3mm. long, coriaceous, mucronulate, glaucescent be- 
neath, roundish-quadrate in the very rare sterile fronds, and in the 
fertile fronds having the margins rolled back to the midvein. 

Common, but most plentiful beneath Opuntia clumps. In fruit the year 
around. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee; Equestrian Trail, Millsp. 4655; Avalon Can- 
yon, Nuttall 130, 711; Snake Canyon, Nuttall 1151; Rock Spring Canyon. 


Knopf 282; ridge between Descanso and Hamilton Canyons, Millsp. 4467. TEA 
FERN, CALAGUALA. 


The dried Jeaves, when steeped, make a fragrant, pleasant tea. Also used 
thus as a tonic and remedy for pulmonary affections. 


3. PITYROGRAMMA Link. 


Terrestrial ferns, with tufted, mostly bipinnate leaves, usually 
white-powdery or yellow-powdery on the under side, the sori dorsal, 
linear along the veins, nearly confluent. Indusia wanting. 


Upper surface of lamina glabrous __ 1. triangularis 
Upper surface of lamina glandular, viscid, or both 2. viscosa 


1. P. triangularis (Kaulf.) Maxon, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17:173 
(1913). 
Gymnogramme triangularis Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 73 (1824). 

Stalks densely tufted, slender, blackish-brown, polished, 1-3.3 

dm. long: fronds deltoid or pentagonal, 5.1-12.7 cm. long and nearly 
as broad, pinnate; the lower pair of pinne much the largest, triangular, 
broadest on the lower side, bipinnatifid; the rest oblong or lanceolate, 
more or less pinnately lobed or incised; segments rounded-obtuse, 
crenated; lower surface coated with a yellow or white waxy powder, 
upper surface smooth or minutely granular; lines of fruit forking, 
bursting through the colored powder, and at length nearly obscuring it. 
On dry canyon slopes, common. In fruit April to August. Trask; Brande- 

gee (Greene’s list as Notholaena candida); under scrub oaks at the Wishbone, 
beyond the Summit and in Middle Ranch Canyon, Millsp. 4566, 4567, 4574; _hill- 


side in Avalon Valley, Moxley 745; Hamilton and Pebble Beach Canyons, Knopf 
82, 176; Golf Links Canyon, Nuttall 87, GOLDEN BACK, GOLD FERN. 


2. P. viscosa (Nutt.) Maxon, Contr. Nat. Herb. 17:173 (1913). 
Gymnogramme viscosa Nutt. D. C. Eaton, Ferns of Southwest 
305 (1878). 
Ceropteris viscosa Undw. Bull. Torr. Club 29:631 (1902). 
Pityrogramma triangularis viscosa Weatherby, Rhod. 22:117 
(1920). 
Frond ovate-pyramidal; pinnae rather distant; upper surface 
viscid, as if varnished; powder of the lower surface creamy white. 
Common on canyon slopes in the shade of scrub oaks. In fruit April to 
August. Lyon; Trask; Brandegee; Grant 122; Avalon Valley, on a_steep, 
grassy slope under oaks, Millsp. 4501, Moxley 688, 745, Fisher; Hamilton Canyon 
on a grassy slope at the base of rocks, Millsp. 4464; Descanso Canyon slopes, 


Millsp. 4466, Knopf 108; open rocky place above Chicken Johnny’s, Pebble 
Beach and Snake Canyons, Nuttall 141, 200, 737. STICKY FERN. 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLsSpauGH & NUTTALL 301 


4. POLYPODIUM Linn. 


Mainly shade-loving species of various habit, commonly epiphytic 
in the humid tropics, the leaves articulate to the creeping or ascending 
rhizome at the base of the stipe, the blades ranging from simple to 
bipinnate or several times pinnatifid, the veins free. Sori round or less 
commonly oval or elliptical, dorsal or sometimes terminal on the veins. 
Indusia wanting. : 


1. P.californicum Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 102 (1824). 
P. intermedium H. & A. Bot. Beech. 405 (1841) non Muhl. 


Stalks moderately slender; fronds from 5.1-30.6 cm. long, papery- 
herbaceous or, if grown near the sea, subcoriaceous, ovate or ovate- 
oblong, pinnatifid almost to the midrib; segments numerous, oblong- 
linear, acute or obtuse, the lower ones mostly opposite, narrowed at 
the lower side of the base, and separated by rounded sinuses, the upper 
ones often opposite, dilated at the base, especially on the upper side, 
and separated by narrow sinuses ; margins obscurely or plainly serrate, 
rarely even incised; veins with four to six veinlets, and often forming 
‘a single series of oblique areolations which extend nearly to the 
margin: sori somewhat oval, rather remote from the margin. 

On rocky canyon slopes and bases of cliff rocks. In fruit January to June. 
Trask; Brandegee; crevices of exposed cliff along Pebble Beach Road, Millsp. 
4521, 4637, 4638, Moxley 733; same situation Lookout Point, Millsp. 4556; 
crevices of wet rock in Swain’s Canyon, Millsp. 4593; in the shade of low scrub 
oaks at the Wishbone and in Middle Ranch Canyon, Millsp. 4565, 4573; on a 


grassy slope of Hamilton Canyon, Millsp. 4465; Golf Links Canyon, Nuttall 85. 
CALIFORNIA POLYPODY. 


{[P. Scouleri. Mrs. Trask’s wording of her report of this species on Santa 
Catalina (Erythea 7:142) plainly indicates that the plants she”had in mind 
could not have been this species. Parish says (Fern Bull. 9:40): “Mrs. 
Trask’s specimens are really vigorous forms of P. californicum.” Brandegee’s 
listing of the species (Zoe 1:115) is based solely upon Mrs. Trask stating to 
him that it grew upon the island. It does not appear in his herbarium. ] 


5. DRYOPTERIS Adans. 


Ferns with simple to 2-3-pinnate or pinnatifid leaves and round 
sori usually borne on the backs of the veins, the fertile and sterile 
leaves usually similar. Indusium flattish, roundish-reniform, superior, 
fixed by its sinus, or the indusium minute and vestigial or altogether 
wanting. Stipe continuous, not jointed with the rootstock. Veins 
free or anastomosing. 


1. D.arguta (Kaulf.) Watt. Canad. Nat. 2,13:159 (1867). 
Aspidium argutum Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 242 (1824). 


Root-stock stout; rather short, ascending, very chaffy; stalks 
22.9cm. to 3.3dm. long, erect, rigid, chaffy with ample bright-fer- 


302 Fietp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vov. V. 


ruginous pointed scales; fronds in a crown, half-evergreen, firm- 
membranaceous or sub-coriaceous, smooth and green above, paler and 
more or less glandular beneath, 3.3-6.8dm. long, ovate-lanceolate or 
triangular-lanceolate, usually fully bipinnate; pinnze broadly oblong- 
lanceolate, the lowest ones widest but scarcely shorter than the middle 
ones ; pinnules oblong, pinnately incised or doubly serrate, with spinu- 
lose teeth, conspicuously veiny; veins much branched; sori large, 
nearer the midrib than the margin; indusia firm, convex, orbicular, 
with a very narrow sinus, the edge bearing short-stalked glands. 


Close under thickly leafing shrubs. In fruit February to September. Trask; 
Brandegee (as Aspidium rigidum); Lyon (in herb, Gray); Brandegee (as 
Aspidium aculeatum); under a dark mass of shrubs near the Wishbone, Millsp. 
4564; Banning’s Canyon, canyon opposite Chicken Johnny’s and Hamilton Can- 
yon, Nuttall 335, 723, 863; Pebble Beach Canyon, Millsp. 4693, Nuttall 199, 360; 
Knopf 244. YERBA DEL GOLFE. 

It is claimed that a hot infusion of the rootstalks applied to painful bruises 
causes a prompt relief of the pain and discoloration. 


[Cheilanthes californica Mett. reported by Mrs. Trask (in Erythea 7: 
142), and copied into Brandegee’s list, must be an error. No Catalina plant of 
this species has been seen by us either in herbaria or in the field.] 


Order 2. EQUISETALES.* 


Rush-like perennial plants, with horizontal rootstocks and mostly 
hollow-jointed simple or often much-branched grooved stems, provided 
with a double series of cavities and usually with a large central one, 
the branches whorled, the nodes provided with diaphragms. Leaves 
reduced to toothed sheaths at the joints. Sporanges with one cavity, 
clustered underneath the scales of terminal spike-like cones. Spores 
uniform, furnished with 2 narrow appendages (elaters) attached at the 
middle, coiling around the spores when moist, and spreading when dry, 
in diverse ways. Prothallia terrestrial, green, dioecious, or some 
species monoecious, 


Family 1. EQUISETACEZ. 
HLORSETAIL FAMILY 


Characters of the order as above. 


1. EQUISETUM Linn. 


Characters as above. 


Sheath segments not with a central groove, teeth deciduous. 
1. kansanum 
Sheath segments and persistent teeth of both the main stems 
and branches bicarinate with a deep central groove. 
2. Telmateia 


”® By John H. Schaffner. 


eS 


—— 


/ 
\ 
f 
, 
; 

. 
; 


Fiora OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLAND—Miu.ispaucH & NUTTALL 303 


1. E.kansanum Schaffn. Ohio Nat.13:21 (1912). 


Aerial stems usually 3-9dm. high, annual, very smooth, 15-30 
grooved, usually without simple branches unless broken off; color 
mostly light-green; surface of the ridges and grooves with cross or 
diagonal bands; sheaths long, dilated above and usually constricted at 
the base, green with a narrow black band at the top, teeth deciduous ; 
cones ovate or oblong-ovate, without a point, the apex obtuse or merely 
acute. 


Bare clayey banks. July to August. Middle Ranch Canyon, Nuttall 299, 
732. (This may be the E. robustum of Davidson (Erythea 2:30), and E. mex- 
tcanum of McClatchie (ibid. 122). KANSAS SCOURING-RUSH. 


2. E.Telmateia Ehrh. Hannov. Mag. 287 (1783). Milde, Nov. 
Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. 32,2:240 (1865). 


Stems stout, often thick as one’s finger; the sterile ones ivory- 
white or greenish, 6-20 dm. high, 20-40-furrowed, the ridges smooth; 
branches verticillate, very numerous, erect-spreading, usually simple, 
4-6-sided, the ridges rough and deeply sulcate, the lowest joint shorter 
than the sheath of the stem; fertile stems brownish-white or brown, 
many-furrowed, the loose brownish sheaths very long, often longer 
than the internodes: cones 2.6-7.6 cm. long. 


In water, June to July. In the stream of Middle Ranch Canyon below 
Eagle’s Nest, Nuttall 848, Knopf 248. IVORY HORSETAIL. 


Order 3. LYCOPODIALES. 


Spores produced in sporanges, which are borne in the axils of 
scale-like or elongated leaves. 


Family 1. SELAGINACEZ. 
RESURRECTION-PLANT FAMILY 


Terrestrial, annual or perennial, moss-like plants with branching 
stems and scale-like leaves, which are many-ranked and uniform, or 
4-ranked and of two types spreading in two planes. Sporanges 1- 
celled, solitary in the axils of leaves which are so arranged as to form 
more or less quadrangular spikes, some containing 4 macrospores 
(macrosporanges), others containing numerous microspores (micro- 
sporanges), which develop into small prothallia, those from the macro- 
spores bearing archegones, those from the microspores antherids. The 
family consists of the following genus: 


304 Frerp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vo. V. 


1. SELAGINELLA Beauv. 


Characters of the family. 


1. §&. Bigelovii Underw. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 25:130 (1898). 

Stems slender, 10-20 cm. long, mostly ascending, flexuous, usually 
with short ascending primary branches; secondary branches infrequent 
and mostly very short; stems rooting only near the base; leaves about 
six-ranked, appressed-imbricate, usually with a distinct dorsal channel, 
narrowly lanceolate, tapering gradually into a densely spinulose white 
awn often 0.7 mm. long; margins with 12-15 cilia on either side which 
are directed forward and usually less than 50 p» long; spikes obtusely 
quadrangular, mostly on short lateral branches 5 mm. or less long, the 
bracts short, broadly ovate but otherwise like the leaves. 


Dry hillsides and ridges, common. Not collected in fruit. Lyon; Brande- 
gee (as S. rupestris); Grant & Wheeler 00126; slope of Rock Spring Canyon, 
Millsp. 4502; ridge between Rock Spring and Rock Falls Canyons, Nuttall 553; 
foot trail to Summit, Knopf 325. RESURRECTION PLANT. 


Phylum C. BRYOPHYTA. 
MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS 
Small plants, producing minute usually spherical bodies, called 
spores, in capsules, from which arise a protonema on which are borne 
the plants bearing archegonia and antheridia, from which the fruit is 
formed, these in turn bear spores. 
There are two classes which differ from each other as follows: 


Plants with a leafy, never bilateral, axis or stem; leaves mostly 
costate; no elaters mixed with the spores; calyptra ruptured 
at the base and borne upward by the growing capsule as a cap 
or head I. Musctr 

Plants either thalline or with a bilateral axis or stem; leaves 
always without costa; elaters mixed with the spores except in 
Ricciaceae; calyptra ruptured in the upper part by the growing 
capsule and remaining at base of the capsule or its pedicel 

2. HEPATICAE 


Class 1. MUSCI.* 
MOSSES 


Terrestrial, epiphytic, or rarely aquatic plants, showing two dis- 
tinctly marked but closely connected and continuous phases of growth, 
or alternate generations, usually having stem, leaves and rhizoids but 
not true roots; stems arising from a more or less ephermeral pro- 
tonema, which originates from the spore, forming either a filamentous 


* By R. S. Williams. 


FLoRA OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 305 


or thallose growth. Sexual organs borne either apically or laterally 
on the stem, usually in special buds; antheridia and archegonia on the 
same plant or on separate plants; antheridium containing ciliate 
sperms ; archegonium a single egg, after the fertilization of which the 
embryo develops into the fruit, rupturing the walls of the arche- 
gonium in its growth; the upper part of the archegonium, is carried 
up by the elongation of the pedicel, forming the calyptra, which in 
many mosses covers and protects the capsule while it is developing. 
Capsule usually with a central axis forming the columella, around 
which the spore-sac is developed, usually separated from the walls 
by air-spaces and chlorophyl-bearing tissue. Capsule splitting reg- 
ularly by a lid or slits, or breaking irregularly; when regular, fre- 
quently developing teeth around the mouth, forming the peristome, 
which serves in protecting and scattering the spores. 


Order 1. BRYALES. 
Family 1. DICRANACEZ., 


1. DICRANELLA Schimp. 


1. D.rubra (Huds.) Kindb. Eur. & N. Am. Bryin. 208 (1897). 
Bryum rubrum Huds. Fl. Angl. 413 (1762). 


Closely massed on a sharply inclined clay bank, under shade, banks of a 
rill in the narrow cleft of Gallagher’s Canyon, March 25, 1920, Millsp. 4872. 


Family 2. FISSIDENTACEZ. 


1. FISSIDENS Hedw. 
1. F. limbatus Sull. Bot. Pac. R. R. Survey 4:185 pl. r (1856). 


On soil in dense shade of low shrubs, Rock Falis Canyon, March 10, 1920; 
and in shade on sandy loam, Cherry Valley, March 17, 1920, Millsp. 4763, 4799. 


Family 3. POTTIACEZE. : 
1. BARBULA Hedw. 
I. B.artocarpa Lesq. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.13:4 (1869). 


One of the commoner species of the Island. On rocks, pebbles and disin- 
tegrating rock. In fruit January to April. Avalon Run, Millsp. 4513, 4730, 
Knopf 209 pt.; 377 pt.; Pebble Beach Canyon, Millsp. 4605, 4889; Rock Falls 
Canyon, Millsp. 4762; Descanso Canyon, Millsp. 4664, 4665; Hamilton Canyon, 
Millsp. 4902; the Wishbone, Knopf 328 pt. 


306 Fietp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vou. V. 


2. B. subfallax C. M. Bot. Zeit. 20:338 (1862). 


On soil, Cottonwood Canyon, April 30, 1922, Knopf 405; Middle Ranch Can- 
yon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf 412. 


3. B.vinealis Brid. Bryol. Univ.1:830 (1826). 
Without definite locality, Kingman. 


2. DESMATODON Brid. 


1. D.Hendersoni (R.& C.) Williams comb. nov. Plate XII 
Didymodon Henderson Ren. & Card. Bot. Gaz. rg:151 pl. § 


(1890). 


Dioecious, the male plants very similar to the fertile, with usually a 
single terminal flower, the 5 or 6 antheridia about one-third mm. long 
with few, inconspicuous paraphyses; plants in compact cushions with 
somewhat branching, slightly radiculose stems 10-12 mm. high, or sterile 
specimens occasionally 2-3 cm. high; stem-leaves incurved when dry, 
somewhat spreading and recurved when moist, the upper about 1.5 mm, 
long, becoming gradually smaller below, with obtuse or broadly acute 
apex, the margins entire and more or less recurved and decurrent at 
base; costa not quite percurrent, more or less rough on the back in 
upper part, in cross-section showing mostly 4 guide cells, one or two 
rows of large cells above them, and below, a stereid band enclosed by 
rather large outer cells ; leaf-cells more or less mamillose on both sides, 
those of upper part of leaf irregularly roundish or hexagonal, about 
8 » in diameter, in basal part more or less rectangular, up to 30 by 
8, the cell-walls all slightly thickened; seta smooth, 7-8 mm. long; 
capsule oblong-cylindric, erect, about Imm. long without the lid; 
median exothecal cells large, mostly a little elongate, with thin walls, 
the 4 or 5 rows of cells about the mouth smaller and slightly trans- 
versely elongate ; stomata few, mostly in one row at the base of capsule; 
annulus none; peristome pale, densely papillose throughout, of 16 flat, 
irregular teeth, more or less divided or slit here and there along the 
median line, from a rather low basal membrane; lid conical, with a 
nearly erect, subulate beak mostly a little shorter than the capsule, the 
cells all in erect rows; calyptra subulate, descending only to the base of 
the beak, more or less slightly slit on one side, the elongate cells in 
oblique rows with thickened sinuous walls in the upper part; spores 
smooth, about 12 » in diameter. 


On wet rock, Pebble Beach Canyon, February 7, 1920, Millsp. 4691; on soil 
near the stream, Cottonwood Canyon, Apr. 30, 1922, Knopf 403. 


2, D. Guepinii B.S. G. Bry. Eur. 18-20 (Desmatodon8) (1843). 
With Asterella Palmeri, Cottonwood Canyon, Apr. 30, 1922, Knopf 4o8a. 


es 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. XIil. 


SOW & Ne 
Ciel lied iar jes ag set 4 


sauce ge 


W ene cyan 
LA 


DESMATODON HENDERSON! (R. & C.) R. S. Will. 


Plant about natural size. &. Part of peristome and capsule x 180. 
Capsule x 10. g. Cells in basal part of leaf x 275. 

Lid and calyptras x 12. 10. Cross-section of leaf about half-way down 
Apex of stem-leaf x 275. x 180. 

Male flower x 12. 11-13. Upper, middle and lower stem-leaf x 25. 
Median cells of leaf x 275. 14. Inner perichaetial leaves x 25, 

Celis just above middle of calyptra x 275. 15. Median exothecal cells x 180. 


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Fora OF SANTA Catatina IsLtanp—MILtspauGH & NUTTALL 307 


3. ALOINA Kindb. 
1. A. ericzefolia (Neck.) Kindb. Laubm. Schwed. 137 (1883). 
Bryum ericaefolium Neck. Act. Acad. Theod. pal. 2:45 (1770). 


On a level sandy spot in an opening in the chaparral, Avalon Valley, Feb- 
ruary 3, 1920; and on open, flat, alluvium soil of a sheep pasture, White’s Land- 
ing, January 13, 1920, Milisp. 4652, 4589; Middle Ranch Canyon, Apr. 16, 1922, 

nopf 41T. 


4. TORTULA Hedw. 


i. T.atrovirens (Sm.) Lindb. DeTort. 236 (1864). 
Grimmia atrovirens Smith Eng. Bot. 28: pl. 2015 (1809). 


On soil in Avalon Valley, February 13, 1922, Knopf 299. 


2. T.montana (Nees) Lindb. Musc. Scand.20 (1879). 
Syntrichia montana Nees Flora 2 (pt.1):301 (1819). 


On limestone rocks, summit of Mt. Martha, Gallagher’s Canyon and Silver 
Canyon, March, Millsp. 4842, 4871, 4881; Avalon Valley in association with 
Bryum californicum (Knopf 326), and Hamilton Canyon, January 2, 1922, 
Knopf 307; Bulrush Canyon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf 4o07b. 


5. DIDYMODON Hedw. 


i. D.tophaceus (Brid.) Jur. Laub. 100 (1819). 
Trichostomum tophaceum Brid. Mant.84 (1819). 


Near a calcareous spring, Kingman. 


Family 4. GRIMMIACEZ. 
1. GRIMMIA Ehrh. 
t. G. trichophylla Grev. Flora Edin. 235 (1824). 
On the dry face of a rough conglomerate cliff, Swain’s Canyon, White’s 


Landing, January 13, 1920, Millsp. 4592; associated with Tortula montana on 
the top of a large limestone mass, Gallagher’s Canyon, March 25, 1920. Millsp. 


Family 5. ORTHOTRICHACEA. 
1. ORTHOTRICHUM Hedw. 


1. O.Lyellii Hook. & Tayl. Muse. Brit. 76,t.22 (1818). 
On limb of Quercus tomentella, Bulrush Canyon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf 407. 


2. O.cylindrocarpum Lesq. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 13:6 (1863). 
With the last, Knopf 4o7a. 


308 Fie~tp Museum oF Natura History—Botany, Vor. V. 


Family 6. FUNARIACEZ. 


1. FUNARIA Schreb. 


1. F. hygrometrica Sibth. Fl. Oxon. 288 (1794). 
Mnium hygrometricum L. Sp. Pl. 1 (ed. 2) 1110 (1753). 


On moist sand in exposed places, January to March. Avalon Valley, Rock 
Spring and Rock Falls Canyons, Millsp. 4512, 4645, 4708, 4710, 4764; Chicken 
Johnny’s Canyon, Knopf 327. 


2. F.mediterranea. Lindb. Ofv. Vet. Ak. Férh.20:399 (1863). 


Thinly deposited on the down-side of a dry boulder, Pebble Beach Canyon, 
March 28, 1920, Millsp. 4889a; Grand Canyon, Apr. 30, 1922, Knopf 4o9a. 


Family 7. .BRYACEZ. 


I. BRYUM Dill. 


1. B. argenteum lanatum (P. Beauv.) B. S. & G. Bryol Eur. 4: 


(Bryum) 78. _ (1839). 
Minium lanatum P. Beauv. Prodr.75 (1805). 


On dry soil of a cheparral opening, Golf Links Canyon, January 29, 1920, 
Millsp. 4644. 


2. B.californicum Sull. Bot. Pac. R. R. Survey 4:186 pl.6 (1856). 


On level sandy soil, Avalon Canyon, January to February, Millsp. 4646; 
Knopf 326. 


3. B.intermedium (Ludw.) Brid. Mant. Muse.120 (1819). 
Mnium intermedium Ludw. Moos. Cent.1.no.81 (1802). 


On a steep, grassy bank with northerly exposure. Pebble Beach Canyon, 
February 7, 1920, Millsp. 4694. 


4. B.torquescens. B. & G. Bry. Eur. 4: (Bryum) 49. pl. 20 (1839). 


In soil of the roadside at the Wishbone near the spring, March 18, 1922, 
Knopf 328. : 


5. B.obconicum Hornsch. B. S. G. Bry. Eur. 6-9 (Bryum 59) 
(1839). 
Without definite locality, Kingman. 


Fiora oF SANTA CaTALina IsLtanD—MitispaucH & NUTTALL 300 


Family 8. LEUCODONTACEZ. 


1. ALSIA Sull. 


1. A, Californica (Hook. & Arn.) Sull. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:185 
(1854). 
Neckera Californica Hook. & Arn. Beechey’s Voy. 162 (1841). 


On trees and rocks, Gallagher’s Canyon, December 11, 1920, Nuitall 9609. 


2. ANTITRICHIA Brid. 


t. A.californica Sull. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 13:11 (1863). 


re limb of Quercus tomentella, Bulrush Canyon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf 
407¢a. 


Family 9. LESKEACEZ. 


1. CLAOPODIUM Lesq. & James. 


1. C.leuconeuron (Sull. & Lesq.) Ren. & Card. Rev. Bryol. 20:16 


(1893). 
Hypnum leuconeuron Sull & Lesq. Musc. Bor. Am. ed. 2:68 
(1865). } 


Middle Ranch Canyon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf 413. 


Family 10. BRACHYTHECIACEZ. 


1.° CAMPTOTHECIUM Bry. Eur. » 


1. C.arenarium (Lesq.) Jacq. Ber. St. Gal. Nat. Ger. (1876-77) : 
380 (1878). 
Hypnum arenarium Lesq. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.13:13 (1869). 
On an earth bank, in perpetual shade, beyond Chicken Johnny’s, January 


6, 1920, Millsp. 4548 pt.; on damp, shady bank, Pebble Beach Canyon, January 
15, 1921, Nuttall 1022. 


2. C.dolosum Ren. & Gard. Hedwigia 32:336 (1893). 


_On an earth bank in perpetual shade, Avalon Valley, January 6, 1920, 
Millsp. 4548; on soil, Descanso Canyon, February 24, 1922, Knopf 292; on 
limbs of Quercus tomentella, Bulrush Canyon, Apr. 16, 1922, Knopf 4o7c. 


310 ©=Fietp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vov. V. 


2. SCLEROPODIUM Bryol. Eur. 


1. §. californicum (Lesq.) Ren. & Card. Rev. Bryol. 20:20 (1893). 
Hypnum californicum Lesq. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 13:13 (1869). 


On a wet, grassy bank, Swain’s Canyon, January 13, 1920, Millsp. 4593a. 


2. §. illecebrum (Vaill. Schw.) Br. & Sch. Bryol. Eur. 6: (Sclero- 


podium) 3. pl. 2 (557) (1853). 
Hypnum illecebrum Vaill. Schwaegr. Suppl. 1, pt.2:255 (1816). 


One of the commoner mosses of the island. On damp soil and roots of 
trees. Pebble Beach Canyon, Rattle Snake Canyon and Swain’s Canyon, Jan- 
uary to March, Millsp. 4593, 4602, 4861; Big Wash Canyon and the Coach Road 
at the Wishbone and Summit, Knopf 283, 284, 287, 294, 298. 


Class 2. HEPATICZE.* 
LIVERWORTS. 


Terrestrial, epiphytic, or rarely aquatic plants, showing a distinct 
alternation of generations, the gametophyte existing as an independent 
individual, the very different sporphyte partially or wholly parasitic on 
the gametophyte. Gametophyte dorsiventral, consisting of a thallus or 
more or less differentiated into stem and leaves, attached to the sub- 
stratum by means of rhizoids (true roots none), growing by means of 
an apical cell. Sexual organs borne on the upper surface of the 
gametophyte or terminal on more or less differentiated branches. Fer- 
tilized egg developing directly into the sporophyte, the wall of the venter 
of the archegonium usually developing into a protective cover, or 
calyptra, which is not ruptured until the sporophyte is nearly mature. 
Sporophyte consisting of a capsule only or differentiated into a cap- 
sule (spore-bearing organ), a stalk or a growing region, and a foot 
(absorbing organ). Capsule consisting of a wall of sterile cells and a 
spore-sac, the latter sometimes with a median sterile portion (colum- 
ella), dehiscing irregularly or by means of a lid or of longitudinal 
splits; spore-sac containing spores only or spores and elaters, the 
latter consisting of sterile cells, often elongated and usually developing 
spiral bands of thickening on their walls. 


Order1. MARCHANTIALES. 


Gametophyte a prostrate, strap-shaped, dorsiventral thallus, 
growing apically, branching dichotomously or from the ventral surface 
of the median portion, and showing a distinct differentiation into 


*De terminations by Alexander W. Evans. 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 311 


tissues, the green tissue usually with air-spaces. Ventral scales more 
or less distinct. Rhizoids of two kinds, the one with smooth walls, 
the other with interior peg-like papillae. Antheridia.in deep depres- 
sions on the upper surface of the thallus, sometimes scattered, some- 
times grouped together in more or less definite, sessile or stalked 
receptacles. Archegonia similar in position but, when borne on stalked 
receptacles (carpocephala), becoming displaced to the lower surface 
through intercalary growth. Sporophyte a capsule only or differen- 
tiated into capsule, stalk, and foot; elaters (or other sterile cells) 
usually present in the capsule. 


Family 1. RICCIACE. 
RICCIA FAMILY 


tr. RICCIA Linn. 


1. R.cataline Underw. Bot. Gaz.19:275 (1894). 
On wet soil in the bottom of a deep canyon, McClatchie 441, Sept. 15, 1893. 


ho 


R. trichocarpa M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 25:184 pl. 337 
(1898). 


Golf links at Avalon, Kingman. 


Family 2. MARCHANTIACE., 


1. TARGIONIA Linn. 


1. T.hypophylla Linn. Sp. Plant.1136 (1753). 


On earth of a moist bank, Hamilton Canyon, January 30, 1921, Nuttall 1066; 
at the Wishbone, February 24, 1922, Knopf 286; Kingman; Grand Canyon, 
Knopf 409 p.p.; Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 408 p.p. 


2. ASTERELLA Pal. 


1. A.californica (Hampe) Underw. Bot. Gaz.20:60 (1895). 
Fimbriaria californica Hampe, Aust. Hep. Bor. Am. 135 (1873) 
nom. nuda. Underwood, Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. 
2:41 (1884). 

On moist, sandy or clayey soil, December to May, Avalon Valley, Mullsp. 
4511, 4653; Rock Spring Canyon and Middle Ranch Canyon, Millsp. 4709, 4575; 
Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 1106, Knopf 285; Silver Canyon, Nuttall 277, Knopf 
201. 


312 Frecp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vot. V. 


2. A. Palmeri (Aust.) Underw. Bot. Gaz. 20:61 (1895). 
Fimbriaria Palmeri Aust. Bull. Torrey Club 6:47 (1875). 


In Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 408. His collection at this locality includes 
a few plants of Targionia hypophylla and an occasional fragment of Fossom- 
bronia longiseta. 


Order 2, JUNGERMANNIALES. 


Gametophyte a prostrate, strap-shaped, dorsiventral thallus or 
more or less clearly differentiated into stem and leaves, showing slight 
tissue differentiation, destitute of air-spaces. Rhizoids all with 
smooth walls. Antheridia in deep depressions or superficial and 
usually protected by scales or leaves, sometimes scattered, sometimes 
grouped together in more or less definite receptacles or androecia. 
Archegonia superficial but usually more or less protected by scales or 
leaves. Sporophyte differentiated into capsule, stalk, and foot, the 
capsule splitting irregularly at maturity or more commonly into four 
equal valves; elaters always present. 


Family 1. JUNGERMANNIACEZ. 
JUNGERMANNIA FAMILY 


Plant body usually prostrate or ascending, dorsiventral, differen- 
tiated into stem and leaves; branches lateral or ventral; leaves 
normally in three longitudinal ranks, two dorsal or lateral and one 
ventral, those of the ventral rank (the underleaves) smaller than the 
others and sometimes absent altogether. Antheridia borne singly or 
in some groups in the axils of more or less specialized leaves, the 
perigonial bracts. Archegonia borne singly or in groups at the tips of 
branches, surrounded by specialized leaves, the perichaetial bracts 
and bracteoles. Perianth present in many genera, consisting of a 
cylindrical or prismatic tube open at the apex. Capsule spherical to 
cylindrical. 


1. FOSSOMBRONIA Raddi. 


i. F.longiseta Aust. Hep. Bor. Am.118 (1873). 
Androcryphia longiseta’ Aust. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
1869:228 (1869) 


Cottonwood Canyon, Knopf 408. Fragmentary collection with Asterella 
Palmeri and Targionia hypophylla. 


Mey 


ae a er 


Fiora oF SANTA CaTALINA IsLAND—MiIttispauGcH & NUTTALL 313 - 


2. FRULLANIA Raddi. 


1. F.cataline Evans, Trans. Connecticut Acad. 10:11. pl. 4. (1897). 
On rocks in a canyon, McClatchie, Sept. 8, 1893. 


Order 3. ANTHOCEROTALES. 


Gametophyte a prostrate dorsiventral thallus, varying from 
strap-shaped to circular, with very little cell-differentiation, destitute 
of air-spaces but sometimes developing intercellular spaces with 
mucilage; green cells with one or a few large flat chloroplasts, often 
with a single pyrenoid. Antheridia borne singly or in groups just 
below the upper surface of the thallus. Archegonia in irregular dorsal 
groups, imbedded, the tip of the neck alone projecting. Sporophyte 
differentiated into a broad foot and an elongated cylindrical capsule, 
the latter growing indefinitely by means of a basal embryonic region, 
splitting at maturity into two valves. Spores surrounding a central 
sterile structure, the columella, and interspersed with irregular, often 
multicellular elaters, with or without bands of thickening. 


Family 1. ANTHOCEROTACEZ. 
ANTHOCEROS FAMILY. 


Characters of the order. 


1. ANTHOCEROS Linn. 


i. A. Pearsoni M. A. Howe, Bull. Torrey Club 25:8, pl. 322, 323 
(1898). 


No definite locality, “not rare,” Kingman. 


Phylum D. THALLOPHYTA. 
FUNGI & LICHENES. 


This group, for the purposes of this Flora, is arranged rather 
loosely. It is deemed best not to repeat published descriptions of 
the classes, orders, families or even genera and species, except in 
case of new or noteworthy forms, on account of the limited field 
work so far accomplished and the, therefore, inadequate covering 
of the fungus flora at this time. 

The Museum and the authors are deeply indebted to the follow- 
ing specialists who have given much of their valuable time and 
experience to the identification of species collected, and often added 
interesting notes and observations. These collaborators are indicated 
after each species: Dr. J. C. Arthur, Dr. E. A. Burt, Dr. C. E. 
Fairman, Dr. C. G. Lloyd, Dr. Thos. H. Macbride, Dr. W. A. Mur- 
rill and Dr. F. J. Seaver. 


314 Frecp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vor. V. 


‘Sub-class BASIDIOMYCETES. 
MUSHROOMS AND TOADSTOOLS. 


A group of fungi in which the spores are borne on the summit of 
basidia (enlarged cells arising from the hymenium). 


Hymenium on the free exposed surface of the 


sporophore. 1. HyMENOMYCETE. 
Hymenium enclosed, lining cavities formed 
within a peridium. 2. GASTROMYCETE. 


Ordert. HYMENOMYCETE. 


t 


Family 1. THELEPHORACEZ. 


1. CORTICIUM Pers. 


1. C.colliculosum B. & C. Grevillea2:13 (1873). teste Burt. 
On dead wood of a cultivated Eucalyptus. Avalon, May 20, 1920, Nuttall 402. 


2. C.serum Pers. Syn. 580 (1801). teste Burt. 
On Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, Nuttall 522b. 


3. C.arachnoideum Berk. Outl. 273 (1860). teste Burt. 


On dead leaves and twigs of Heteromeles, Pebble Beach Canyon, Feby. 10, 
1921, Nuttall ro92. 


2. PENIOPHORA Cooke. 


1. P.velutina (DC.) Cooke, Grev.8:21 (1879). teste Burt. 
Thelephora velutina DC. Fl. Fr. 6:33 (1805). 


On stems of Crossosoma californicum, Big Wash Canyon, July 21, 1920, 
Nuttall 889. 


2. P. Allesheri Bres. Fung. Trid.2:62 (1898). teste Burt. 


Diffused on underside of a decorticated Heteromeles log, Grand Canyon, 
Jany. 30, 1921, Nuttall ro6o. 


3. HYMENOCHZATE Lévy. : 


1. H.rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lev. leith Sci. Nat. Bot. 3,5: 151 (1846). 
teste Burt. 


Helvella rubiginosa Dickson ae Pl. Crypt. Brit.1:20 (1875). 


On the underside of dead limbs of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, 


FLorA OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLAND—MILtispaucH & NUTTALL 315 


July 3, 1920; on oak, Gallagher’s Canyon, Sept. 15, 1920; and on Rhamnus in- 
sularis, Nolava Canyon, June 30, 1920, Nuttall 526, 868, 515. 


2, H.tabacina(Sow.) Lév. Ann. Sc. Nat. 3,5:152 (1846) teste Burt. 
Auricularia tabacina Sowerb. t.25 (1798) 


On dead, hard wood of Lyonothamnus floribundus. Isthnmus, July 28, 1920, 
Nuttall 644. 


4. STEREUM Pers. 


t. §&. gansapatum Fr. Hym. Eur. 638 (1874). teste Burt. 


On bark of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Gallagher’s Canyon, Sept. 15, 1920, 
Nuttall 883. 


2. §.heterosporum Burt Theleph. N. Am. 12:220 (1920). teste Burt. 


On dead twigs of Encelia californica, Isthmus, Aug. 30, 1920, Nuttall 825; 
on bark of Crossosoma californicum, Big Wash Canyon, July 21, 1920, Nuttall 
889b; on bark of Laurocerasus Lyoni, Nolava Canyon, June 30, 1920, Nuttall 
516; on dead wood of a cultivated Eucalyptus, Avalon, May 20, 1920, Nuttall 
402b; on bark of Adenostoma fasciculatum, Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920; 
Nuttall 777; on decorticated Eucalyptus log, Big Wash Canyon, Jany. 209, 1921, 
Nuttall 1047. 


3. S. hirsutum (Willd.) Fr. Epicr. 549 (1838). teste Burt. 
Thelephora hirsuta Willd. Fl. Ber. 397. (1787). 


On bark of oak, Avalon, June 16, 1920, May 28, 1920, Nuttall 395, 307, 398; 
same, Gallagher’s Canyon, Nuttall 869; on bark of Adenostoma faciculatum, 
Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall 778; on decorticated wood of Lyonotham- 
nus floribundus, Gallagher’s Canyon, Sept. 15, 1920, Nuttall 883b; on Quercus 
dumosa, near base of Black Jack and on same in Hamilton Canyon, Knopf 304, 
305; on dead Heteromeles, Pebble Beach Canyon, Feb. 10, 1921, Nuttall 1088. 


4. §S.ochraceo-favum Schw.Rep.N.Y.Mus.22:86 (1869) teste Burt. 
On bark of Nicotiana glauca, Avalon, May 28, 1920, Nuttall 379. 


5. CYPHELLA Fries. 
1, C. villosa (Pers.) Karst. Mycol. Fenn. 3: 325 (1876). teste Burt. 


Peziza villosa Pers. Syn. Fung. 655 (1801) 
On dead twigs of Encelia californica, Isthmus, Aug. 30, 1920, Nuttall S24b. 


6. SOLENIA Hoffm. 


1. §S. cinerea Burt sp. nov. 


_ The rather young fructifications are cespitose, 30-100 in a dense 
circular cluster, short stipitate, cylindric-clavate, or pyriform, pallid 


316 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vou. V. 


neutral gray of Ridgway, minutely hairy, the apex obtuse and pore 
nearly closed; surface hairs colored, flexuous, 100 x 3% p, paler 
towards the tips and there granule-incrusted; basidia simple, 
30 x 6p, with 4 slender sterigmata; no mature spores found. 

Clusters 2x 2-5mm; fructifications colored like those of S. 
poraeformis but with form of those of S. anomala and densely 
crowded together. 


On bark of oak, Avalon, May 28, 1920, Nuttall 396. 


Family 2. CLAVARIACEZ. 


1. CLAVARIA. 


1. C. flaccida Fr.? Syst. Myc.1:471 (1821). teste Burt. 


On ground close to fallen limb of Quercus tomentella, Pebble Beach Can- 
yon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall 1020, Ti15. 


Family 3. HYDNACEZ. 


1. GRANDINIA Fries. 


1. G.sp. teste Burt. 


On bark of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia, Avalon, May 28, 1920, 
Nuttall 380. 


2. ODONTIA Fries. 


1. O. viridis (A. & S.) Bres. Hym. Amet. 33 (1897). teste Burt. 


On underside of fallen Quercus tomentella. Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 
15, 1921, Nuttall rozé8. 


“A pale green to deep-violet mould. Spores covering stones, twigs, leaves, 
earth, etc., under its growth’ —Nuttall. 


2, Oi'sp. teste Burt. 


Juvenile. Effused, white, thin, aleutaceous, on bark of Sambucus glauca, 
Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, Nuttall 525. 


3. HYDNUM Linn. 


t. H.ohioense Berk.Hook.Lond.Jour.Bot. 4:307 (1845). teste Burt. 


Effused, white, toothed, becoming tan-color; on bark of Sambucus glauca, 
Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1020, Nuttall 523. 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILtspauGcH & NUTTALL 317 


2. H.ochraceum Pers. Syn. 559 (1801). teste Burt. 


On bark of prostrate Quercus tomentella. Pebble Beach Canyon, Jany. 
and Feb., 1921, Nuttall 1011, 1027, 1090, II0I. 


Family 4. POLYPORACEZ. 
1. MERULIUS Hall. 


1. M. confluens Schw. Natur. Ges. Leipsig. Schrift. 1:92 (1822). 
teste Burt. 
Effused. When young purplish base, light-brown when old. On oak, Pebble 


Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, Nuttall 531; on dead twigs of Encelia californica, 
Isthmus; Aug. 30, 1920, Nuttall 824. 


2. M. pilosus Burt. Mycolog. 14:84 (1922). teste Burt. 

Distinguishing characters are the bright yellow color, presence of 
gloeocystidia and cystidia, and the minute spores; gloeocystidia have 
not been found in any other North American species of Merulius with 
the exception of M. rugulosus of the West Indes. 


Apparently common on oak logs. On Quercus tomentella, Pebble Beach 
Canyon, Nov. 27, 1920, Nuttall 935; on oak, Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 29, 1920, 
Nuttall 951; on Quercus tomentella, Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall 
013, 1117; on oak, Big Wash Canyon, Jan. 14, 1921, Nuttall 1128. 


2. PORIA Pers. 


1. P.incrustans B. & C. Grevillear:54 (1873). teste Burt. 


On bark of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Gallagher’s Canyon, Sept. 11, 1920, 
Nuttall 886. 


2. P.rhodella Fr. Syst. Myc.1: 380 (1821). teste Burt. 


Effused, thin, porous, white with distinctly wine-colored pores. On decor- 
ticated Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, Nuttall 527; on 
underside decorticated Heteromeles, Grand Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921, Nuttall 1056. 


3. P.vaporaria Fr. Syst. Myc.1:382 (1821). teste Burt. 


On underside dead Rhus laurina, Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 29, 1920, Nuttall 
949; and on earth, stones and wood in same locality, Nov. 26, 1920, Nuttall 917; 
on dead Salix, Hamilton Canyon, Knopf 306. 


3. ELFVINGIA Karst. 


1. E. megaloma(Lév.) Murr.Bull.Torr.30 :300( 1903). teste Murrill. 
Polyporus megaloma Lev. An. Sci. Nat. 3, 5:128 (1846). 


On roots of a shrub, Piedra Escalera Canyon, Dec. 12, 1920, Nuttall r14za. 


318 Firtp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vor. Y. 
4. FOMES Fries. 


1. F.igniarius (L.) Fries. Syst. Myc.1:375 (1821). teste Burt. 
Boletus igniarius Linn. Sp. Pl. 1176 (1753). 


On Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, and Salix lasio- 
lepis, Grand Canyon, Sept. 19, 1920, Nuttall 529, 890. 


2. F.Abramsianus Murrill, Mycologia 7:215 (1915). teste Burt. 
On trunk of Cercocarpus, Bulrush Canyon, April 16, 1922, Knopf 470. 


5. POLYSTICTUS Fries. 


I. P.hirsutus (Wulf.) Fr. Nov. Symb.83 (1851). teste Burt. 
Boletus hirsutus Wulf. Jacq. Coll. 2:149 (1788) non Scop. 


On trunk of oak, Avalon, May 17, 1920, Nuttall 458; Silver Canyon, Jan. 
1, 1922, Knopf 289; on Eucalyptus log, Big Wash Canyon, Jan. 29, 1921 Nuttall 
1049. 
2. P. versicolor (L.) Fr. Syst. Myc.1:369 (1821). teste Burt. 


On trunk of oak, Avalon, May 14, 1920, and Salix lasiolepis, Silver Canyon, 
May 20, 1920, Nuttall 456, 457; on dead log, Hamilton Canyon, Jan. 16, 1921, 
Nuttall 1114. 


Family 5. BOLETACEZ. 
1. BOLETUS (Dill) Linn. 


i): Bs Bp. teste Murrill. 


Pileus convex, 1 dm. broad, not viscid; color dull brick-red; flesh 
yellowish turning blue when cut, 2cm. thick; tubes not decurrent, 
sinuses narrow, color greenish; pores red-orange; stem solid, 5 cm. 
long by. 3cm. thick covered with wavy or almost reticulate squam- 
mules yellowish at top. Rich wine-color at base. ° 


In rich soil under trees. Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 29, 1920, Nuttall 945. 


2. CERIOMYCES Corda. 


1. C.communis (Bull.) Murr. Mycolog. 1:155 (1909). teste Murrill. 
Boletus communis Bull. Hb. Fr. t.393 (1788). 


On ground, Beacon Street Canyon, Dec. 26, 1920, Nuttall 2120. 


2. C.sp. (prox C. edulis). teste Murrill. 
Under oaks, Big Wash Canyon, Dec. 10, 1920, Nuttall 1130. 


FLORA OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLAND—MILLsPaAuGH & NUTTALL 319 
Family 6. AGARICACEZ.* 
1. TAPINIA Karst. 


1. T.lamellosa (Sow.) Murr. N.A.Fl.10:146 (1917). teste Murrill. 
Merulius lamellosus Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 403 (1809). 


In moss of a creek-bed under willows, Grand Canyon, Dec. 27, 1920, Nuttall 


2. MYCENA Rouss. 


1. M. flava Murrill, N. A. Fl. 10:192 (1917). teste Murrill. 


Gregarious on sand of the creek-bed; on hillside under tree; and on ground 
under a tree, Golf Links Canyon, Hamilton Canyon, Big Wash Canyon, Nov. to 
Jan., Nuttall 1044, 1111, 1124. 


3. LEPTONIELLA Earle. 


1. L.edulis (Peck.) Murrill, N. A. Fl. 10:93 (1917). teste Murrill. 
Leptonia edulis Peck, Bull. Torr. Club. 22:201 (1895). 
In moss in rich leaf-mold and in leaf-mold among grasses, Pebble Beach 


Canyon, Sage and Big Wash Canyons, Nov. and Dec., 1920, Nuttall 928, 942, 
Tr4l. 


4. PLUTEUS Fries. 


1. P.cervinus (Schaeff.) Quél. Champ. Jura Vosg.81 (1872). 
teste Murrill. 
Agaricus cervinus Schaeff. Fung. Bavar.4:Ind.6 (1774). 


On dead leaves under trees on a hillside, Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 29, 1920, 
Nuttall r122. 


5. PLEUROTUS Fr. 


i. P.ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr. Syst. Myc.1:182 (1821). teste Burt. 
Agaricus ostreatus Jacq. Fl. Austr. 3:t 288 (1775). 


On a cultivated Eucalyptus, Avalon, May 10, 1920, Nuttall zor; on dead 
Cottonwood, Silver Canyon, Jan. 15, 1922, Knopf 296. 


*The co-author collected some 125 numbers of Agaricaceae be- 
- tween November, 1020, and January, 1921. Of each of these he 
made careful notes, section drawings and in many cases spore-prints. 
His material was, however, collected without proper facilities for 
drying; on this account over 50 per cent of the species prove inde- 
terminable. His specimens are, however, preserved, in the herbarium 
of this Museum, in case of possible future collections to which they 
may prove referable. 


320 ©Frecp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


2. P.salignus (Schrad.) Quél. Champ. 38 (1872). teste Burt. 
On bole of a living Laurocerasus Lyoni tree, Silver Canyon, Jany. 15, 1922, 

Knopf 288. 

3. P.septicus Fr. Syst. Myc.1:192 (1821). teste Burt. 
Inside loose bark of Heteromeles, Grand Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921, Nuttall ro64. 


6. RESUPINATUS (Nees.) S. F. Gray. 


1. R. applicatus (Batsch.) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 1:617 
(1821). teste Murrill. 
Agaricus applicatus Batsch. Elench. Fung. Cont.1:171 (1786). 


Inside loose bark of a fallen Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia, Grand 
Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921, Nuttall 1063. 


7. COPRINUS Pers. 


1. C.sp. teste Murrill. 


Deep bell-shaped when young; pileus 1-1.5cm. wide and high; 
caespitose, yellow-brown darker toward the center, brown, mealy, 
striate; margin scalloped. Expanded, 2cm. broad. Gills silver-grey 
in young plants, black when old; stem white with slight pinkish 
tinge, hollow, finely striate above, white mealy dots above white 
pruinose below, woolly at base, cartilaginous but frail, easily bent, 
1 dm. more or less long x 3.5-4 mm. thick. 


In leaf-mold on a moss-covered rocky bank, Big Wash Canyon, Dec. 28, 
1920, Nuttall 1003. 


8. LACTARIA Pers. 


1. L. deceptiva Peck. Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 28:175 (1884). 
teste Murrill. 


In sand among pebbles of creek-bed, Big Wash Canyon, Dec. 10, 1920, 
Nuttall 955. 


2. L.scrobiculata (Scop.) Fr. Epicr. Myc..334 (1838). teste Murrill. 
Agaricus scrobiculatus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 2:450 (1772). 


On creek bed in sandy soil among leaves, Hamilton Canyon, Jan. 16, 1921, 
Nuttall 1032. ; 


9. MARASMIUS Fries. 


1. M. plicatulus Peck,Bull.Torr.Club. 24:142 (1897). teste Murrill. 


In grass under trees, Sage Canyon, Nov. 28, 1920, Nuttall 943; on mats of 
decayed oak leaves, Golf Links Canyon, Dec. 25, 1920, Nuttall 975. 


Frora OF SANTA CaTaLina IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 321 


2. M.sp. teste Murrill. 

A dry, tough plant; pileus convex with depressed margin and 
ribbed, 3-6mm. broad, 1 mm. high; color pale tan; gills few, thick, 
alternately long and broad or narrow and short, sometimes the long 
are connected at the apex of the sinus and one lamella connects them 
with the stem, adnate, with a sinus about 13 broad and 13 narrow, 
color lighter than pileus; stem slender and tough, terete, nearly black, 
smooth and polished ; pileus not easily detached. 


Attached to leaves and acorns of Quercus dumosa under trees, Piedra 
Escalera Canyon, Dec. 12, 1920, Nuttall 967. 


10. HYPHOLOMA Fries. 


t. Hz. fasciculare (Huds.) Quél. Champ. ee Vosg. 113 (1872). 
teste Murrill, 


On oak limbs among rocks in the creek bed Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 10, 
to21, Nuttall 1093. 


11. STROPHARIA Fries. 


1. §. eruginosa (Curt.) Quel. Champ. Jura Vosg.1:110 (1872). 
teste Murrill. 
Agaricus aeruginosus Curt. Lond. t. 309 (1784). 


In damp, rich leaf-mold under Laurocerasus Lyoni, Sage Canyon, Nov. 28, 
1920, Nuttall 937. 
2. §.semiglobata (Batch.) Quél. ibid. 112 (1872). teste Murrill. 


On ground among grass and dead leaves in a glade, Big Wash Canyon, 
Dec. 10, 1920, Nuttall 057. 


12. NAUCORIA Fries. 


1. N.semiorbicularis (Bull.) Quel. Champ. Jura Vosg. 100 (1872). 
teste Murrill. 
Agaricus seniorbicularis Bull. Champ. Fr.t.442f.1. (1788). 


Exposed, dry ridges among cacti, Grand and Hamilton Canyons, Dec. 27, 
1920, and Jan. 16, 1921, Nuttall 993, 1116. 


13. CLITOCYBE (Fr.) Quél. 


oo) 'C. gp. teste Murrill. 


Pale cream colored, smooth, polished, slightly viscid, convex with 
incurved margin then irregularly applanate or depressed with incurved 
margin; flesh very thin, (3-6cm.); gills decurrent, 5 cm. broad, pale 
watery cream color; stem solid, color of gills or pileus, flesh continuous, 


322. ©Freitp Musrum or NaturaL History—Botany, Vor. V. 


tough dull or mealy, tapering downward or lower half terete; 
0,6-1 dm, x 5-8 mm. 


In leaf-mold in grass, Pebble Beach Canyon, Nov. 27, 1020, Nuttall 926. 


PBN ONE 0B teste Murrill. 


Solitary, spores white; pileus not viscid, white-cream color when 
old, slightly floccose and surface shallowly cracked, 3-8cm. broad, 
generally somewhat eccentric, margin incurved, convex to applanate ; 
flesh white, of very smooth close texture, continuous, thick (1 cm.) 
at stem) ; gills watery-white (white as viewed before cutting), 5-8 mm. 
broad, acute at outer end, decurrent on stem, 2-3cm. long; stem 
large, white, fibrous, solid, often contorted, often slightly eccentric, 
some appearing as though white-washed, 8-15 cm. long x 8-16 mm. 
thick, white and solid inside and firmer to the touch than the flesh of 
the pileus (the flesh of this species appears as white and close-grained 
as unglazed white porcelain but is spongy to touch), the flesh extends 
to margin; pileus in age rich cream color or darker and rivulose. 


In leaf-mold among rocks of a hillside under trees. Pebble Beach Canyon, 
Dec. 26, 19020, Nuttall 982. 
SC ee, teste Murrill. 
In a deep bed of leaves under an oak. Big Wash Canyon, Dec. 28, 1920, 
Nuttali 1103. 


14. AGARICUS Linn. 


1. A.campestris Linn. Sp. Pl.1173 (1753). teste Murrill. 

In leaf-mold in grass; in an open grassy glade; and on ground, Pebble 
Beach arbi Nuttall 925 (Nov. 26, 1920), 952 (Dec. 29, 1920), 1738 (Nov. 
27, 1920). 


2. A. silvicola Sacc. Syllog. 5§:998 (1887). teste Murrill. 


In leaf-mold among grasses and in leaf-mold under trees, Big Wash and 
Piedra Escalera Canyons, Nuttall 953 (Dec. 20, 1920), 1214 (Dec. 12, 1920). 


3. A. sp. teste Murrill. 


Convex, slightly depressed, margin deflexed, edge ragged with 
remnants of veil, densely floccose; color wet, pale to white, flocci 
brownish giving color to surface, 2.5-6cm. slightly viscid; flesh 
white, not continuous, 4-5 mm. at stem; gills at first pale wine-pink, 
then black, free, sinus abrupt, double convex, lengths various; stem 
cartilaginous outside, white fibrous, remnants of veil near base; color 
at first white then becoming rich dark wine-color showing through the 
fine white fibers of the outer coat, interior (dark wine-color extends 
inward half way to center) white at center with partial cavity, terete 
or enlarged upward; volva none; veil thick but fragile; skin thick, 
easily peeled. 


On ground in grass in a hillside hollow opposite the Sawmill, Avalon Val- 
ley, Oct. 12, 1920, Nuttall 962. 


Friora oF SANTA Catarina IsLanp—-Mituspaucn & NUTTALL 323 


15. ARMILLARIA Fries. 
1. A. putrida (Scop.) Murr. N. A. Fl. 10:39 (1914). feste Murrill. 
Agaricus putridus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2,2:420 (1772). 


On dead oak partly covered with earth; on base of dead, standing Sam- 
bucus glauca; and on-rich leaf-mold under trees, Big Wash ‘Canyon, Avalon 
Valley and Beacon Street Canyon, Nuttall 915 (Nov. 26, 1920), 960 (Dec ec. 

_ 1920), 113% (Dec. 26, 1920); Knopf 310 teste Burt, as A. mellea ( Vahl.) Oust 
Champ. 38 (1872). 


16. LEPIOTA P. Browne. 


1. L.conspurcata (Willd:) Morgan, Jour. Myc. 12:243 (1906). 
teste Murrill. 
Agaricus conspurcatus Willd. Prodr. Fl. Berl. 382 (1787). 


On a grassy slope, Piedra Escalera Canyon, Dec. 12, 1920, Nuttall 944. 


17. TRICHOLOMA Fr. 


1. T.collybiiforme Murrill, Mycologia 5 : 223 (1913). Plate X.f. 
Melanoleuca collybiiformis Murrill, ibid, 216. teste Murrill 


Fairly plentiful in leaf-loam under Scrub Oaks, Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 27, 
1922, Knopf 415. 


Order 2. GASTROMYCETE. 


Family 1. LYCOPERDACEZ. 
PUFF-BALL FAMILY 


1. LYCOPERDON Fourn: 


1. L,gemmatum Batsch, Elench. Fung.147 (1783). teste Lloyd. 


Not the usual plant but a globose, depauperate form. Beside the Equestrian 
Trail, alt. 800 feet, Nov. 28, 1920, Nuttall 939. 


2. L. pyriforme Schaeff. Icon. t.189 (1761). teste Lloyd. 
On sterile ground of a path, Pacific Ridge, Nov. 27, 1020, Nuttall 932. 


2. CATASTOMA Morg. 


1. C. circumcissum (B. & C.) Morgan, Jour. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist. 


14:t.5. (1892). teste Lloyd. 
Bouvista circumcissa B. & C. N. A. Fung. 331 (1873), Grevillea 
2:50 (1873). 
Trask. 


i) 
h 


C. subterraneum ( Peck.) Morgan. Jour. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist. 14: 
132 (1892). teste Lloyd. 

Bovista subterranea Peck. Bot. Gaz. 4:216 (1879). 

Trask. 


324 Fietp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vor. V. 


3. BOVISTA Pers. 


1. B.plumbea Pers. Syn. Fung. 137 (1801). teste Lloyd. 
Trask; on a hard, grassy path, Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 9, 1921, Nuttall ro87. 


4. GEASTER Micheli. 


1. G.floriformis Vittad. Monogr. Lycoperd. 167 (1842).teste Lloyd. 
Trask. 


2. G.fornicatus (Huds.) Fries, Syst. Myc.3: 12 (1829). teste Lloyd. 
Lycoperdon fornicatus Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2:644 (1788). 
Trask; on ground under trees, Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall 
t133a. Dr. Lloyd says: “A beautiful specimen, true to the species as known 
in England. A rare though widely distributed species. A common, but quite 


different, plant in pine woods has often been misnamed as this species.” On 
earth of a hillside, Gallagher’s Canyon, Dec. 11, 1920, Nuttall 972. 


3. G. hygrometricus giganteus C. G. Lloyd, Myc. Notes 68. (1901). 
teste Lloyd. 
Trask; on a damp bank, Pebble Beach Canyon, Nov. 26, 1920, Nuttall 919; 
on earth of a hillside, Gallagher’s Canyon, Dec. 11, 1920, Nuttall 973. 
4. G. limbatus Fries. Syst. Myc. 3:15 (1829). teste Lloyd. 
Trask; on ground under trees, Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 29, 1920, Nuttall 
1133. “Fine specimens”—Lloyd. 


5. G. minimus Schw. Syn. Fung. Carol. 327 (1822). non Chev. 
Trask. teste Lloyd. 


6. G.rufescens Pers. Syn. Fung. 134 (1808). teste Lloyd. 


Beside the Equestrian Trail, alt. 800 feet, Nov. 28, 1920, Nuttall 938. “The 
specimens represent a small form and rather suggest G. fimbriatus of Europe’— 
Lloyd. 


5. CALVATIA Morgan. 


i. CC. lilacina (Mont. & Berk.) C. G. Lloyd, Lycop, Austral. 35 


(1905). teste Lloyd. 
Bovista lilacina Mont. & Berk. Berk. Dec. Fung. 59 (1854). 
Mrs. Trask. 


ty 


Lycoperdon pachyderma Peck, Bot. Gaz. 7:54 (1882). 


Trask; on ground on mountain top near Silver Canyon, May 2, 1920, Nwéttall 
502, 503. “Notwithstanding the different external surface appearance, different 
gleba color and different capillitium coloring of these two numbers I believe 
them to be different ages of the same species”—Lloyd. 


C. pachyderma (Peck.) Lloyd Let.65:14 (1917). teste Lloyd. 


Frora OF SANTA CaTAtina IsLaNnD—Miuispaucy & NUTTALL 325 
6. BATTARREA Pers. 


1. B.Stevenii (Libos.) Fr. Syst. Myc.3:7 (1829). teste Lloyd. 
Dendromyces Stevenii Libos. Monogr. t. 1,2 (1814). 


Mrs. Trask. 


Order 3. PHYLLOSTICTALES. 
Family 1. PHYLLOSTICTACEZ. 
i. PHYLLOSTICTA Pers. 


i. P. Heteromeles Cook & Hark. Grev. 9:84 (1881). teste Fairman. 


Associated with Discosia poikilomera on dead leaves of Photinia (Hetero- 
meles) arbutifolia, May 28, 1920, Nuttall 381 pp. 


2. PB. Laurocerasi.S. & S. Grev.12:26 (1883). teste Fairman. 


Pycnidia thickly scattered over the leaves, not on definite spots, 
globose, 100-122 » in diam., black; spores oblong-cylindric, rounded 
at the ends, 10x 3, hyaline. Differs from the description of Ellis 
and Everhart in North American Phyllostictas in having pycnidia not 
on definite spots, and occasionally larger spores, thus agreeing better 
with the dimensions given by Saccardo. 

On dead leaves of Laurocerasus Lyoni, July 31, 1920, Big Wash Canyon, 
Nuttall 668 pp.; on leaves of young shoots of same host, May 29, 1920, Nuttall 


409. This last (409) has pycnidia clustered on whitened areas of the leaves 
and has spores I0-10.5 X 3 uw. 


3. P.maculans E. & E.? Proc. Acad. Phila. 1893:157 (1893). 


Pycnidia clustered or discrete, not on definite spots, minute, 
black; spores cylindric, hyaline, 10x2.5y. teste Fairman. 
On dead leaves of Populus trichocarpa, May 13, 1920, Nuttall 385. The 
peculiar spotting of the leaves noted by Ellis and Everhart in the original descrip- 
tion is not present in the California specimens but the spores agree so well that 
we refer it to this species. Accompanied by a Pleospora in small quantity with 


eg 5-7 septate, 35x14y, agreeing well with Pleospora herbarum (Pers.) 
abh. 


4. P.rhoiseda Fairman sp. nov. 


Pycnidia thickly scattered over the leaves, often discrete on the 
midrib or smaller veinlets, amphigenous, globose, at first deeply im- 
mersed in the substance of the leaves, becoming erumpent at first as 
minute black points, then pushing up through the epidermis at first 
elevated in light tobacco brown: colored pustules which finally become 
split or variously lacerate, somewhat roughened at the apex, often 
covered or surrounded by small silvery scales of detached epidermis, 


326 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vor. V. 


dull black, contents white, 165-400 in diam.: spores numerous, ob- 
long-cylindric, rounded at the ends, hyaline, granular or with 2-3 
small guttulae, 17.5-20 X 3-3.5 pw. 

ao fallen leaves of Neostyphonia (Rhus) integrifolia, May 31, 1920, ‘Nut- 
rat 359. 


2. PHOMA (Fr.) Desm. 


1. P.eupyrena Sacc.? Mich.1:526 (1878). teste Fairman. 


Apparently associated with Phlyctaena arcuata on dead stems of Solanum 
Wallacei, Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 9, 1921, Nuttall 1083 pp. 


2. P. Megarrhize Fairman sp. nov. 


Pycnidia immersed then finally erumpent and subsuperficial, 
mostly prevalent on the elevated margins of the longitudinal ribs of 
the stems, black, minute; spores ellipsoid, hyaline, about 3 x 0.5-I p. 

On Megarrhiza fabacea, June 29, 1920, Nuttall 519 pp. We find it impossible 


to distinguish most of these small Phomas, except by host, as they look alike 
to us. As a matter of record this is given the provisional name above listed. 


3. P.nebulosa (Pers.) Berk. Outl. 314 (1860). teste Fairman. 


Apparently accompanying Didymella superflua on stems of Urtica holose- 
ricea, Middle Ranch Canyon, Sept. 21, 1920, Nuttall gor. 


4. P.typhicola Oud. Ned; Kr. Arch. Ser. 3,2:246 (1901). 


Pycenidia thickly scattered, seated between the longitudinal ribs of 
the stem, erumpent, globose or ellipsoid, brown to black, measuring in 
the globose form 150 » and upwards in diam., but when ellipsoid com- 
pressed 250-350 » long and 100-130 » in height: ostiola round, cen- 
trally located, at length widely open and causing the pycnidia to be 


more or Jess widely and irregularly perforate with age; spores ellip- | 
soid, continuous, hyaline, 5-7.5 x 2-2.5 (possibly 3) ». teste Fairman. 


On Typha latifolia, Sept. 21, 1920, Middle Ranch Creek, Nuttall 899. Of 
the'4 or § species of Phoma on Typha, listed by Saccardo or Oudemans, Mr. 
Nuttall’s specimens seem to come nearest to the above species. 


3. PHOMOPSIS Sacc. 


i. P. Nicotianz Fairman sp. nov. 


Pyenidia thickly scattered, immersed then erumpent, elevating 
the epidermis in minute pustules, the apex visible through the fissured 
epidermis and often enveloped by its fissured remains, black, 400- 
500 » in diam., A-spores fusoid, continuous or 2 or more guttulate, 
hyaline, about 8-12 x 2-3 «: B-spores filiform, sickle-shaped or curved 
at one end, hyaline, 14-20x 1-1.5, sporophores hamate, about the 
size and shape of the B-spores. 


FioraA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 327 


On bark of Nicotiana glauca, June 18, 1920, Nuttall 378 and May 27, 1920, 
Nuttall 374. 

The Diaporthe with which this may be connected is unknown, Probably 
different in gross appearance from Phomopsis Dulcumarae (Sacc.) Trav. 


2. P. oblita Sacc. Ann. Mycol. 8: 343 (1910). teste Fairman. 


Pycnidia corticolous, subepidermal, (apices erupting and visible 
as minute points), scattered, gregarious or seriate-confluent, depressed 
globose to ellipsoid, opening by a rounded central pore about 24 in 
diam. which is surrounded by a narrow black zone, dark brown, 150- 
500 in diam., A-spores numerous, fusoid, acute at the ends, con- 
tinuous or with 2 or 3 small guttulae, hyaline, or greenish hyaline, 
10-14 X 2.5-3.5u (averaging 12.5x 2.5) borne on hyaline cylindric 
sporophores. B-spores not seen. Cfr. Diedicke, Ann. Mycol. IX :26 
and Saccardo, Ann. Mycol. VIII: 343. 

On dead stems of Artemisia heterophylla, July 30, 1920, Creek Bed, Middle 
Ranch, Nuttall 666. 

Associated in small quantity with a pyrenomycete which is compound, seated 
on a stroma formed of the unaltered substance of the plant stem, not circum- 
scribed by any black line, asci cylindric, rounded at apex, sessile, 35-45 X14 u. 
&-spored: sporidia ellipsoid, obtuse at the ends, 4-guttulate, 14x5y. This cor- 
responds fairly well with Diaporthe oblita Sacc. & Speg. 


. 4. DOTHIORELLA Sacc. 


1. D. Gallae (Schw.) E. & Starbaeck, Bihang Sv. Vet. Akad. 
Handl. 19. 3-2:65 (1894). teste Fairman. 

Sphaeria Gallae Schw. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 2,4: 207 (1832). 

Stromata scattered, subepidermal becoming erumpent and raising 
the epidermis in pustules which become lacerate or variously cracked 
with age, rounded, oblong, or irregularly confluent, 500 » and upward 
in length: spores fusoid, straight, curved or variously bent, hyaline, 
continuous, 7-12.5 x 2-2.5 4, often surrounded by a zone of hyaline 
mucus. 


On galls of Quercus Macdonaldii, June 14, 1920, Nuttall 4oo. We have 
seen no specimens of this and make the determination provisionally from Trot- 
ter’s article on Gall Fungi in Annales Mycologici 3 :545. 


5. CYTOSPORA Ehrenb. 
(CYTISPORA Fr.) 


1. C.chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. Syst. Mycol.2:542 (1823). 
Spores allantoid, hyaline, about 4-5 x I-1.5 p. teste Fairman. 
On dead twigs of Populus trichocarpa, Nuttall 387. 


2. C.fugax Fr.? Syst. Mycol.2:542 (1823). teste Fairman. 


Stromata radiate-plurilocular subepidermal, disc without any 
special characters, opening by a central pore: spores hyaline, allantoid, 
curved, 4-5 x Iz, borne on long filiform sporophores. 


328 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


On dead twigs of Salix lasiolepis, July 15, 1920, Grand Canyon, Nuttall 630. 
The perfect Valsa stage not seen and the identification is uncertain. 


6. SPHAZROPSIS Lévy. 


‘. §, nebelina Fairman sp. nov. 


Pycnidia scattered, nestling in the inner bark, becoming erumpent, 
globose depressed, about 4oo p» in diam., black: spores ellipsoid, 
almond shaped or pyriform, usually truncate attenuated at one end, 
obtusely rounded at the other, continuous, hyaline then brown, about 
14-17.5 x 7-8, borne on stout cylindric, hyaline sporophores, as long 
or a little longer than the spores. 

Etymology nebelina from the resemblance in shape of the 
spores to the shell of Nebela a genus of the Rhizopoda. 


On stems of Galium angustifolium, June 29, 1920, Golf Links Canyon, 
Nuttall 520 pp. Socia Metasphaeria anisometra. 


7. CONIOTHYRIUM Corda. 


1. C, leprosum Fairman sp. nov. 


Pyenidia thickly scattered, at first immersed, then erumpent 
through the pustuliform elevated epidermis which becomes lacerate and 
covered by silvery scales of detached tissue, globose, black, 250-450 p 
in diam.: spores numerous, ellipsoid, oval, ovoid or subpyriform, 
with a large gutta which follows the general shape of the spore, 
hyaline at first, becoming pale brown, 7-7.5 x 3.5-5 pu. 

On fruits of cultivated Eucalyptus, June 3, 1920, Nuttall 408. 


2, C. Marrubii Fairman. sp. nov. 


Pycnidia scattered, immersed then erumpent, globose, black, 150- 
300 » in diam.: spores numerous, globose, hyaline at first, then through 
smoky to black in color, 3-3.5 » in diam. 


On twigs of Marrubium vulgare, July 15, 1920, Nuttall 613 pp. 
3. C.olivaceum Bon. Fckl. Symb. Myc. 377 (1869). teste Fairman. 


Pycnidia scattered, immersed then erumpent, subconic to globose 
depressed, black, 140-275 » in diam.: spores numerous, globose when 
young, becoming ellipsoid, subhyaline through yellowish hyaline to a 
very pale olivaceous brown, brown in mass, 2.5-6 X 2.5-3.5 p. 

On old stems of Atriplex semibaccata, Nuttall 2706. 


8. DIPLODIA Fries. 


i. D.heteromelina Fairman sp. nov. 


Pycnidia immersed in the inner bark, becoming erumpent and 
raising the epidermis in distinct pustules at the apex of which the 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILuspauGH & NUTTALL 329 


ostiola protrude, globose, contents waxen white at first becoming 
obscure with age, 750-1000 in diam., black: sporophores hyaline, 
short, stout cylindric, 17.52 in length: spores ellipsoid or at times 
subglobose, hyaline at first, later turning yellow, granular and provided 
with a large central gutta, finally becoming brown, uniseptate, not 
markedly constricted, in extreme age assuming an opaque appearance, 
when globose measuring 14-17.5 » in diam., when ellipsoid 28-35 x 14- 
17 p. 

On dead twigs of Heteromeles, Jan. 30, 1921, Grand Canyon, Nuttall 1068. 


The spores are larger than those of Diplodia Crataegi West which is found 
on near relatives of the host. 


9. MICRODIPLODIA Sacc. 


1. M.conigena Allescher. Rab. Krypt. Flora ed. 2,7:79 (1903). 


Pycnidia scattered, erumpent, globose or depressed-globose, 
black, 100-150p» in diam.: spores ellipsoid, uniseptate, brown, 
7-11 x 4-Op. teste Fairman. 


On cones of cultivated Pinus, Aug. 30, 1920, Isthmus, Nuttall 823. 


2. M. Mimuli Fairman sp. nov. 


Pycnidia discrete not in any definite spots, globose, centrally 
ostiolate, black, 150-165 » in diam.: spores oblong-fusoid or ellipsoid 
attenuated at the ends, straight or curved, uniseptate, slightly con- 
stricted at the septum, brown I1-14 x64. 


On leaves of Mimulus cardinalis, July 12, 1920, Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 


3. M. Ramone Fairman sp. nov. 


Pycnidia covered by the epidermis, becoming erumpent, de- 
pressed globose, of delicate submembranaceous texture, black, 200- 
250 in diam.: spores ellipsoid or turbinate, uniseptate, not markedly 
constricted, brown, 7.5-12.5 X 4-5 p. 

On twigs of Ramona stachyoides, July 15, 1920, on mountain side, Avalon, 


Nuttall 614 pp., socia Pleospora Labiatarum Cke. and Hark., occuring in small 
quantity. 


10. CAMAROSPORIUM Schulz. 


1. C, eriocryptum Fairman sp. nov. 


Pycnidia scattered or gregarious, subepidermal, becoming erum- 
pent, covered by or sometimes protruding through the lanugo of the 
stems, globose depressed, dark chestnut brown under the microscope, 
black under the hand lens, often opening by a rounded pore, 200- 


330 Fierp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vor, V. 


225 in diam.: spores numerous, irregular in shape, globose, ellipsoid 
or obovoid, continuous at first, becoming transversely uniseptate 
(Diplodia form), then triseptate (]endersonia form) the transverse 


septa running straight across the spores or variously curved and often | 


diagonal, finally with one or more interrupted longitudinal septa, 
irregularly muriform or variously broken up, cracked or fissured, dark 
brown, becoming almost opaque, 10-I4¢x7-8» (averaging ‘about 
12.5X7.5 p. 

On dead stems of Audibertia Palmeri Gray, Feb. 10, 1921, Avalon Creek 
bank, Nuttall 12009, 


Somewhat smaller than Camarosporium Compositarum (Cke. and Hark.) 
Sace. Associated with a small Phorna. 


11. SEPTORIA Fries. 
1. S. Megarrhize E. & E. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1894: 366. 


Spots rounded or angular, intervenular, arid, pale, sometimes 
brown or greenish: pycnidia globose, black, 100-170 » in diam., scat- 
tered irregularly over the spots: spores filiform, straight or curved, 
continuous, 40-65 x 2.5-3 p. teste Fairman. 


On leaves of Megarrhiza fabacea Nuttall 460 and 1165. 


2. §.rhabdocarpa Ell. & Barth. Eryth. 4:25 (1896). teste Fairman. 


Pyenidia amphigenous, thickly scattered, not on definite spots, 
area of growth not discolored, globose, centrally ostiolate, black, 100- 
300» in diam., spores oblong-cylindric, rounded at ends, sometimes 
subattenuated, continuous or minutely polar-guttulate, hyaline or 
greenish hyaline, 7.5-17.5 X 2-3 mu. 

On dead leaves of Salix lasiolepis, Aug. 2, 1920, Willow Cove Canyon, 
Nuttall 756; on dead leaves of Ramona polystachya, July 10, 1920, Avalon Can- 
yon, Nuttall 548 (in this the pycnidia are often collapsing and the spores are 
17.5-20X3.5y); on dead leaves of Heteromeles arbutifolia, Nuttall 381 pp., 
384 and 406. This agrees with specimens of Septoria rhabdocarpa on Populus 
monilifera from Rockport, Kansas, In Fung. Col. 668, the spores of which average 
17.5-20 X 2.5-3 ». We can see no essential difference between this and Phoma 
baculum Gerard which Grove transfers to the genus Rhabdospora, It is possible 
that it is simply a leaf form of Gerard’s species. Found also on hickory nuts. 
Cfr. Fairman the Fungi of Our Common Nuts And Pits, p. 82 and plate 15, 
fig. 3, also Grove, Kew Bull. eb Inform. no. 4, I9IQ, p. 195, f. 17. Grove 
says, loc. cit., part III, 1921, p. 140: “It may be taken as a certainty that the 
idea, prevalent up to Saccardo’s time, that the fungi found upon twigs or 
branches must be different from those found upon leaves, fruits and other parts 
of the same plants has little or no foundation; but it is true that those forms 
which occur on the less bulky structures like samarae are slighter in texture 
than those on the thicker parts.” 


3. S. Rubi West. Westand. Exs.938 (1854). teste Fairman. 


Spots small, circular, surrounded by a purplish border: pycnidia 
few, minute, dark brown: spores filiform, 28-32 » in length, appearing 
guttulate or septate. 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLSpAuGH & NUTTALL 331 


On leaves of Rubus vitifolius L., March 24, 1920, Big Wash Canyon, Millsp. 


4. S. Verbenz Rob. et Desm. Sylloge 3:537 (1884). teste Fairman. 


On leaves of Verbena prostrata, Pebble Beach Canyon, June 5, 1020, Nuttall 
505. 


iz. PHLYCTZENA Mont. & Desm. 


1. P.arcuata Berk. Grev.2:100 (1873). teste Fairman. 


On dead stems of Solanum Wallacei, Feb. 9, 1921, near the mouth of Big 
Wash Canyon, Nuttall ro83 pp. A Phoma is associated with the above which 
is probably Phoma eupyrena Sacc. 


13. SPHAZROGRAPHIUM Sacc. 


1. §. avenaceum Fairman sp. nov. 


Perithecia scattered, globose, base flattened, beak stout, straight 
cylindric, obtuse or truncate and about 44 wide at the apex, 75- 
Sop» in height (or practically one-third the height of the fungus), 
brown or black, 200 » in diam., and in height from the base to tip of 
the beak averaging about 200: spores clavate, with a long filiform 
or cilium-like tip at one end, at the other end subattenuate and obtuse, 
hyaline, often filled with a row of globose nuclei, 60-80 x 2.5-3.5 m. 

On dead leaves of Avena barbata, Sept. 11, 1920, Ridge above Reservoir, 
Nuttall 858. 
Sparingly present. The spores stain beautifully in Erythrosine Glycerin. 


Number 858 is a much mixed thing, having, besides the above Sphaerographium, 
species of Phoma, Puccinia, Macrosporium and Cladosporium. 


Family 2. LEPOSTROMATACEZ. 
1. DISCOSIA Lib. 


1. D. potkilomera Fairman sp. now. 


Pycnidia scattered, depressed hemispherical, dimidiate, black, up 
to 500, in diam.: spores oblong-cylindric, rounded and subattenuate 
at the ends, 4-septate, 2 septa in each end about 3-5 » apart, leaving a 
large central cell a little more than twice the length of the end cells (or 
about 7.5-8), not constricted at the septa, hyaline to subhyaline,’ 
yellowish in mass, 17.5-20 x 3.5», armed near each extremity with a 
curving filiform bristle about 7 » in length. 

On dead leaves of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia, May 28, 1920, Nuttall 
381 pp. and 383; on dead leaves of Laurocerasus Lyoni, July 31, 1920, Second 
Left Fork of Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 668 pp. Socia, respectively, Phyllos- 


ticta Heteromeles and Phyllosticta Laurocerasi. The pycnidia leave a brown 
depression or cavity in the leaves when they are removed. 


to 


Fietp Museum oF NaturAL History—Botany, Vor. V. 
Order 4. HYPHOMYCETALES. 
Family 1. MUCIDINACEZ. 
1. TRICHODERMA Pers. 


i. T. lignorum (Tode.) Harz. Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscow 44, 1:116 
(1871). teste Fairman. 


On dead leaves of Sambucus glauca, on ground, under leaves, Pebble Beach 
Canyon, Nuttall 528. 


2. SEPEDONIUM Link. 


1. §.chrysospermum (Bull.) Fr.Syst. Myc.3:438 (1829). teste Burt. 
On a dead Agaric. Pebble Beach Canyon, Dec. 26, 1920, Nuttall 905. 


Family 2. DEMATIACEZ. 
1. CERCOSPORA Fres. 


1. C. Ceanothi Kell. & Sw. Jour. Myc. 4:94 (1888). teste Fairman. 


On fallen leaves of Ceanothus, Hamilton Canyon, Jan. 16, 1921, Nuttall 
1039. In this specimen the conidia are dark. We have followed Davis, . Par. 
Fung. of Wisconsin, I, p. 86 in the determination. 


2. C.squalidula Pk.33rd.Rep.N.Y.St.Mus.29 (1880). teste Fairman. 
Cercospora rubigo Cke. & Hark. Grevillea 13:17 (1884). 


On leaves of Clematis ligusticifolia, Nov. 21, 1921, Middle Ranch Canyon, 
Knopf 278. 


2. CLADOSPORIUM Link. 


t. C. herbarum (Pers.) Link. Mag. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin 7: 37 
(1816). teste Fairman. 


Spores hyaline, 1-3-septate, 14-20x 7p. This may be the variety 
fasciculare Corda, a variety which we have never seen. 


On stems of Foeniculum vulgare, Johnson’s Landing, Sept. 24, 1920, Nuttall 
gir; on Typha latifolia, Middle Ranch Creek, Sept. 21, 1920, Nuttall 900; on 
capsules of Isomeris, Sept. 25, 1920, Nuttall 912 pp. The specimen on Isomeris 
is mixed, and there are found C. herbarum and a hyphomycetous fungus borne 
on stout rigid brown sporophores having oblong or fusoid-oblong conidia, 
usually 3-septate, occasionally with additional septa, brown, measuring about 
20x 7-104, which is probably Clasterosporium carpophilum (Lev.) Aderhold; 
on transplanted Catalina Cherry Golf Links, Dec. 27, 1920, Nuttall zo00, teste 
Burt. 


Frora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 333 


2. CC. herbarum forma Fairman. 


Hyphae brown, effused and much interwoven, sometimes col- 
lected in sori-like heaps, septate, about 7 » in diam., varying in length; 
spores continuous or first becoming I-2 septate, ellipsoid, hyaline then 
brown about 7-14 x 5 p. 


On Lupinus Hallii, Rusby, Aug. 17, 1915 (494111 in herb. Field). 


3. CLASTEROSPORIUM Schw. 


1. C.carpophilum (Leév.) Aderh? Centr. Bakt. 2, Abt. 7: 656 


(igor). teste Fairman. 
Aes stcsian carpophilum Lévy. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2, 19:215 
(1843). 


Associated with Cladosporium herbarum on follicles of Isomeris, Sept: 25, 
1920, Nuttall 912 pp. 


Order 5. USTILAGINALES. 
Family 1. USTILAGINACEZ. 
1. USTILAGO Pers. 
1. U.Lorentziana Thum. Flora 63:30 (1880). teste Arthur. 
II II. On Bromus Gussoni, Pebble Beach, May 13, 1920, Nuttall rood. 
Order 6. UREDINALES. 


Family 1. MELAMPSORACEZ. 
1. KUEHNEOLA Magn. 


i. K.uredinis (Link.) Arthur. N. A. Fl. 7: 186 (1912). teste Arthur. 


II. On leaves of Rubus vitifolius, Big Wash Canyon, June 3, 1920, Nuttall 
471. 


Family 2. UREDINACEZ. 
1. CRONARTIUM Fries. 


1. C. Cerebrum(Pk.)Schrot. Sacc. Michel. 2:308 (1881). teste Arth. 
Peridermium Cerebrum Peck, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:68 
(1873). 


On last year’s leaves of Quercus dumosa, Catalina Harbor, March 15, 1920, 
Millsp. 4837. 


334 ‘reco Musrum or Naturat Hrstrory—Botany, Vou. V. 
2. MELAMPSORA Cast. 


f. M.monticola Mains. Phytopath. 7:103 (1917). tesie Arthur. 


On leaves and pedicels of Tithymalus leptocerus, oatawin Valley, May to, 
1020, Nuttall 1217. 


Family 3. ASCIDIACEA. 
t. PILEOLARIA Cast. 


t. P. Toxicodendri (B. & R.) Arthur N. A. Fl. 7:147 (1907). 
teste Bartholomew. 
Uromyces toxicodendri Berk. & Rav. Grevillea 3:56 (1874). 


Il. On Toxicodendron (Rhus) diversilobum, Avalon, July 10, 1015, Mr. 
& Mrs. Elam Bartholomew 1515. 


2. UROMYCES Link. 


1. U. intricatus Cooke. Grevillea 7:3 1878). teste Arthur. 
On leaves of Eriogonum nudum, sea cliffs east of Avalon, July 18, 1920, 
Nuttall 678. 


2. U.Junci (Desm.) Tul. Ann.Sci. Nat. 4,2:146 (1854). 
teste Bartholomew. 
Ill. On Juncus balticus, vicinity of Avalon, July 19, 1915, Elam Bartholo- 
mew 1788. 
3. U. Loti Blytt. Christ. Vid.-Selsk. Forh. 1896.6:37 (1896). 
teste Arthur. 


If.? On leayes and bracts of Syrmatium ornithopum, Avalon Canyon, 
Feb. 18, 1920, Mullsp. 4723; IJ. on same, Chicken Johnny’s Canyon, June 20, 
1920, Nuttall 472; on same, Avalon Canyon, June 6, 1920, Nuttall 7712. 

4. U.medicaginis Pass. Thum.Hb.Myc.Oec.156 (1874). teste Arth. 
On leaves of Medicago sativa, roadside above the Sawmill in Avalon Val- 
ley, May 7, 1920, Nuttall 7114. 


5. U. Polygoni (Pers.) Fckl. Jahr. Nass. Ver. Nat. 23-24:64 (1870). 
teste Bartholomew. 


Il, I1J. On Polygonum aviculare, vicinity of Avalon, July 19, 1915, Elam 
Bartholomew 5888. 


3. DICAZOMA Nees. 


1. D.Nemoseridis Fairman sp. nov. 


OandI. Pyenia and aecia unknown. 
II, Uredinia few, scattered, in oblong pustules, closely em- 


T'tora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispauGcH & NUTTALL 335 


braced or covered by the ruptured epidermis, brown, concolorous with 
the stems and discernable with difficulty: urediniospores broadly 
ellipsoid or globose, 20-30 x 20-28 p», golden brown at first, wall brown, 
smooth, possibly becoming faintly verrucose with age, 225 p» in thick- 
ness, germ pores not satisfactorily made out. 

III. Telia scattered, dark brown to black, ruptured epidermis 
evident, teliospores ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, rounded above 
and below, at times narrowed below, constricted at the septum, 45.5- 
52.5 x 28-35 yw: wall brown, 2.5 » thick, septum much darker and about 
5 wide, the pore of the upper cell subapical, the pore of the lower 
cell lateral and near the septum, apparently smooth or at least tardily 
roughened, pedicel short, subacute. 


On stems of Malacothrix, in creek bed of Avalon Canyon, Feb. 9, 1021, 
Nuttall roo4 pp. 


4. PUCCINIA Pers. 


t. P. Agropyri E.&E.Jour.Myc. 7:131 (1892). teste Bartholomew. 
Ill. On Elymus condensatus, vicinity of Avalon, July 19, 1915, Elam Bar- 
tholomew 5049. 


2. P.Clematidis (DC.) Lagerh. Tromso. Mus. Aarsh. 17:54 
(1895). teste Arthur. 


On culms and leaves of Avena barbata, vicinity of Avalon, June 1, 1920, 
Nuttall 473. 
3. P.Cressx(DC.)Lag.Bol.Soc.Brot.7:131 (1889). teste Arthur. 
J. On leaves of Cressa truxillensis, Catalina Harbor, March 15, 1920, 
Millsp. 4790. 
4. P.Grindeliz Peck. Bot. Gaz.4:127 (1879). teste Arthur. 
On leaves of Hazardia squarrosa, Avalon, near the Reservoir, Sept. 11, 


1920, Nuttall &46. 


5. P. Malvacearum (Bertero) Mont. Gay, Hist. Chile 8:43 (1852). 
teste Fairman. 
On Malva parviflora, March, 1901, Trask; III, on same, vicinity of Avalon, 
July 9, 1915, Elam Bartholomew 5886. 
6. P.Sherardiana Korn Hedwigia 16:19 (1877). teste Arthur. 
On leaves of Malvastrum fasciculatum, Gallagher’s Canyon, May 16, 1920, 
Nuttall 412. 


7, P. Eriophylli Jackson Mem. Brookl. Bot. Gard.1:246 (1918). 
Uredo abdita Jackson Mycologia 14:120 (1922). teste Arthur. 


On Eriophyllum Nevinii*, “Dusty Miller,” cultivated in Banning’s Lawn 
at Avalon, from nearby native stock, August, 1912, Bethel. 


* Not Senecio Cineraria as given under Uredo abdita in Mycologia 14:120. 


330 «© Frerp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vou. V. 
5. PHRAGMIDIUM Link. 


1. P. Rosx-Californicze Diet. Hedw.44 :125(1905).teste Bartholomew. 


II. III. On Rosa californica, vicinity of Avalon, July 10, 1915, Mr. and 
Mrs. Elam Bartholomew 1823. 


Order 7. TREMELLINEALES. 
Family 1. TREMELLACE. 
1. SEBACINA Tul. 


1. §.calcea (Pers.) Bres. Fungi Trident. 2:64 (1892). — feste Burt. 
Effused on bark of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, 

Nuttall 522. 

2. §.podlachia Bres. Ann. Myc.1:117 (1903). teste Burt. 


Gelatinous on decorticated wood of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Gallagher’s 
Canyon, Sept. 15, 1920, Nuttall 884. 


2. EXIDIA Fries. 


i. E, glandulosa (Bull.) Fries. Syst. Myc. 2: 224 (1823). teste Burt. 
On bark of oak, head of Gallagher’s Canyon, Sept, 11, 1920, Nuttall 857. 


2. E.recisa Fries. Syst. Myc. 2:223 (1823). teste Burt. 
On bark of Adenostoma fasciculatum, Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall 
779- 
3. NASMATELIA Fries. 


1. N.nucleata (Schw.) Fries. Epicr. 592 (1838). teste Burt. 


On bark of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, Nuttall 
524; on dead Quercus tomentella, same locality, Jan. 15, 1920, Nuttall ror2. 


4. TREMELLA Dill. 


1. T.lutescens Pers. Ic. Descr. Fung. 33 (1809). teste Murrill. 
On Quercus tomentella, Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall 1118. 


2. T.mesenterica Retz. Vet. Ak. Handl. 1769: 249 (1769).teste Burt. 


Fries Syst. Myc. 2:214 (1823). On dead branches Heteromeles, Grand 
Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921, and on oak log, Pebble Beach Canyon, Nov. 27, 1920, 
Nuttall 1055, 933. 


Frora oF SANTA CaTaLina IsLanD—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 337 
Order 8. DACRYOMYCETINZ. 
Family 1. DACRYOMYCETACEZ. 
1. GUEPINIA Friés. 
1. G. Peziza Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 3,19: 224 (1853). teste Burt. 


: On dead wood of Salix lasiolepsis, Grand Canyon, July 15, 1920, Nuttall 
616. 


2. DACRYOMYCES Nees. 


1. D. deliquescens (Bull.) Duby, Bot. Gal. 2:729 (1829). teste Burt. 
On Eucalyptus log, Big Wash Canyon, Jan. 19, 1921, Nuttall 1046. 


Sub-class MYXOMYCETES. 
FUNGI OF DECAYING VEGETABLE MATTER. 


Order 1. MYXOGASTERES. 
Family 1. TRICHIACEZ. 
1. LYCOGALA Micheli. 
1. L. Epidendrum (L) Fries. Syst. Myc. 3:80 (1829). teste Lloyd. 


Lycoperdon Epidendrum Linn. Sp. Pl. 1184 (1753). 
On a rotten log, Big Wash Canyon, Nov. 26, 1920, Nuttall rrqz2. 


2. TRICHIA Haller. 
1. T. fallax Pers. Obs.1:59 (1796). teste Macbride. 


Plasmodium only. Crimson, effused; on dead leaves and twigs of Salix 
lasiolepis, Willow Cove Canyon, Aug. 2, 1920, Nuttall 757. 


3. ARCYRIA Hill. 


1. A.nutans Grev. Fl. Edin. 455 (1824). teste Burt. 
On dead Quercus dumosa, Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall 
O14. 


4. COMATRICHA Preusz. 


1. C.nigra Sch.? Cohn. Crypt. Fl. Schl. 3,1:118 (1885) teste Burt. 


On Quercus tomentella, Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall 1016, 


338 Firrp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


Family 2. RETICULARIACEZ. 
1. RETICULARIA Bull. 


1. R. Lycoperdon Bull. Champ. Fr.95 (1791-1812). ieste Lloyd. 


On top of a partly decorticated log of Eucalyptus, Big Wash Canyon, Jan. 
29, 1921, Nuttall 1048. 


Family 3. PHYSARACEZ. 
1. CRATERIUM Trent. 


i. CC. leucocephalum (Pers.) Rost. Mon. 123 (1875). teste Macbride. 
Stemonitis leucocephala Pers. Gmel. Syst.1:464 (1791). 
On leaves of Salix lasiolepis, Willow Cove Canyon, Aug. 2, 1920, Nutiall 
755: 


2. PHYSARUM Pers. 


1. P.nutans Pers. In Usteri Ann. Bot.15:6 (1795). teste Burt. 


On oak bark, Pebble Beach Canyon, Feb. 10, 1921, Nuttall 1o89b., with the 
next. 


2. P. nutans leucophzeum Lister. Mycetozoa67 (1911). teste Burt. 
With the last on damp dead oak. Same location and date, Nuttall ro8o. 


Family 4. STEMONITACEZ. 
1. STEMONITIS Gledit. 
1. §. pallida Wing.Macbr.N.A.Slime-moulds 123 (1899) teste Burt. 


On Quercus tomentella, Pebble Beach Canyon, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall rors. 


Sub-class PHYCOMYCETES. 
Order 1. PERONOSPORINEZE. 
Family 1. PERONOSPORACEZ. 

1. PERONOSPORA Corda. 


1. P.,Hyoscyami DeBy Ann.Soc.Nat. 4,20:123 (1863). teste Fairm. 


On leaves of Nicotiana glauca, Equestrian Trail, July 10, 1920, Nuttall 544. 
Specimens of a blight on the same host were collected at San Diego by 
Prof. Farlow and referred to P. Hyoscyami. Others since that early date have 
called it P. Nicotianae Speg. For a consideration of the occurrence of this 
fungus in southern California consult Wilson, Studies in North American 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLspAuGH & NUTTALL 339 


Peronosporales, III, New or Noteworthy Species, in Bull. Torr, Bot. CL. 1908. 
ic AA dangerous Tobacco Disease appears in the United States.” U. S. 
Dept. Agric., Department Circular number! 174.—Fairman. 


Sub-class DEUTEROMYCETES. 
Order 1. HELVELLINEZ. 
Family 1. PEZIZACEZ. 

1. LAMPROSPORA Boud. 


1. L.Constellatio (Berk. & Br.) Seaver, Mycologia 6:18 (1914). 
teste Seaver. 
Barlaea Constellatio B. & Br. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IV. 17:142 
(1876). 


On a damp, shaded bank in Banning’s Canyon, June 14, 1920, Nuttall 418. 


2. LACHNEA Fries. 


1. L.umbrarum (Fuck.) Gill, Disc.c.ic. (1879). teste Seaver. 
Humaria umbrarum Fuck. Symb. 323 (1870). 


On a damp, shaded bank in Banning’s Canyon, June 14, 1920, Nuttall 419. 


3. GEOPYXIS Pers. 


1. G. Catinus Holmsk, Ot.2:22 (1789). teste Seaver. 


Under a dry, overhanging bank in Pebble Beach Canyon, May 19, 1920, 
Nuttall 420, 


4. ORBILIA Fries. 


1. O.chrysocoma (Bull.) Sacc. Syllog.8:624 (1889). teste Seaver. 
Calloria chrysocoma ( Bull.) Fr. Summa 359 


On rotten wood of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 5, 1920, 
Nuttall 537. 


5. HELOTIELLA Sacc. 


1. H.microspora Burt, sp. nov. 


Apothecia gregarious, sometimes cespitose in groups of two or 
three, primuline yellow of Ridgway, applanate, sessile, becoming I mm. 
in diameter, glabrous; exciple concolorous with the hymenium, pros- 
enchymatous; asci 8-spored, cylindric, 75-80 » long, p.sp. 45-50x 
3 »; paraphyses filiform; spores obliquely uniseriate, hyaline, even, 
uniseptate, fusoid, 5-6 x 2-2% p. 


340 Fretp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


On bark of rotting Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia, Pebble Beach 
Canyon, February 10, 1921, Nuttall 1087. The small ascospores and asci are 
noteworthy. 


6. DASYSCYPHA Fries. 


1. D.cerina (Pers.) Fuck. Symb. 305 ( 1869-75). teste Burt. 
Peziza cerina Persoon, Syn.651 (1801). 


On decorticated Heteromeles, Grand Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921, Nuttall 1057. 


Family 2. CELIDIACES. 
1. AGYRIUM Fries. 


1. Arufum (Pers.) Fries. Syst. Myc.2:232 (1823). teste Merrill. 
On dead limbs of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Sept. 15, 1920, Nutiall 870. 


Family 3. STICTIDACE. 
1. EMBOLUS Wallr. 


1. E,. ochreatus Sacc. Syllog. 8:832 (1889). teste Fairman. 


Gregarious or scattered, 350 and upward in height, stalked 
black; cups subhemispheric, disc plane or subconvex, 150 and up- 
ward in diameter, provided with a long cylindric black stipe about 
50» in diameter and composed of densely interwoven tissues; asci 
cylindric, short stipitate, 8-spored, 45-58x 5, surrounded by numer- 
ous, matted, paraphyses: sporidia monostichous, ellipsoid, attenuated 
slightly at the ends, fuliginous at first, becoming brown or black, 
7-7:5 % 3-4 b- 

On decoricated Heteromeles, Grand Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921, Nuttall 1059. 

The spores resemble those of an Hypoxylon, and while some were found 
which seemed abnormal in length or thickness the dimensions given above are 
for the normal spores. Dr. C. L. Shear, who made a call upon the author 
(Fairman) at the time of the study of this species, took back to Washington 
a specimen and examined it carefully and compared it with the figure of this 
species in Fungi Italici. He says in confirmation: “Aside from this slight 
difference in spore measurements, I see no differences, and should be inclined to 
refer the specimens to this species, at least until there is an opportunity to 
compare authentic specimens of Embolus ochreatus with this material.” 


2. PHAZANGIUM Sacc. non Patouil. 
1. P. spheroides E.&E. (Phznangium) Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
4:62 (1905). teste Fairman. 


Gregarious ; apothecia round, black, smooth, globose at first, be- 
coming depressed obconical with the disc plane or concave (convex 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA IstanpD—MitispaucH & NUTTALL 341 


when moist), one-half to three-quarters mm. in diameter, the margin 
incurved when dry. Asci cylindrical, p.-sp. 50-55x 4p. Paraphyses 
obscure. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, almost opaque, 6-8 x 3- 
4p, resembling the sporidia of a Hypoxylon. 

The name Phaenangium was first used by Saccardo as a sub- 
genus of Cenangium, embracing species with dark-colored spores. In 
Syll. 16: 764, he gives Phaenangium generic rank. Phaenangium 
Patouillard is entirely different ; see Syll. 11: 442. 

On bleached wood of Rhamnus insularis and of Melosma (Rhus) laurina, 
Avalon, March, 1904; C. F. Baker 4039, 4045; on Comarostaphylos diversifolia 


Greene, “Manzanita,” on the main ridge between the main branches: of Galla- 
gher’s Canyon, Sept. 11, 1920, Nuttall 859. Spores dark, 6-8 x 3.5-4 yp. 


3. PROPOLIS Fries. 


1. P.faginea (Schrad.)Karst.Myc.Fen. 1:244 (1870). teste Fairman. 


On Laurocerasus Lyoni, Nolava Canyon, June 30, 1920, Nuttall 617 pp., socia 
Schizoxylon gq. v. 


4. LECANIDION Rabh. 


1. L.atratum(Hedw.)Rabh.Kryp.Fl. 1:342 (1863). teste Fairman. 


In association with Lophiosphaeria quercetri on Sambucus glauca, Pebble 
Beach Canyon, July 2, 1920, Nuttall 510 pp. 


5. SCHIZOXYLON Pers. 


1. §.insigne (DeNot.) Bres. Rabh. Krypt. Fl. ed. 2, 1, 3:1253 
(1863). teste Fairman. 
On Sericotheca (Spirea) franciscana, Big Wash Canyon, Aug. 2, 1920, 


Nuttall 751; on Laurocerasus Lyoni, Nolava Canyon, June 30, 1920, Nuttall 
517 pp.; on Adenostoma fasciculatum, Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall 


716. 
6. STICTIS Pers. 


i. §.lanuginicincta Fairman sp. nov. 


Ascomata cup-shaped, immersed, surrounded by the matted 
lanugo of the stems, sometimes left free and exposed when the down 
disappears, margin white, entire or variously lacerate, disc whitish 
farinose at first, becoming dark with age, 400-500 » in diam.: asci 8- 
spored, clavate, cylindric, 100-115 x 7-10, surrounded by filiform 
paraphyses often exceeding the asci in length, and some times apically 
enlarged: sporidia hyaline, filiform, fasciculate, multiseptate, not 
readily separating into fragments, about as long as the asci. 


On twigs of Marrubium vulgare, Avalon Canyon, July 15, 1920, Nuttall 
612. 


342 Frecp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


2. §S. radiata (L.) Pers. Obs. Myc. 2:73 (1799). teste Burt. 
On bark dead Heteromeles, Grand Canyon, Jan. 30, 1921,Nuttall 1058. 


7. XYLOGRAMMA Wallr. 


1. X.nigerrima(E.&E.)Rehm.Ann.Myc. 5:518 (1907). teste Fairm. 
Briardia nigerrima E. & E. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4:62 (1905). 


Apothecia gregarious, erumpent between the fibres of the 
bleached, weather-beaten wood, I-4mm. long, Imm. wide, black. 
Asci at first subglobose, then obovate-oblong, 40 x 12-15 8-spored. 
Sporidia irregularly crowded, oblong-clavate, hyaline, becoming 
brown, guttulate, 8-12x 3-4, continuous. Paraphyses branched 
above, and bearing a black epithecium composed of subglobose brown 
(becoming black) conidia, indistinctly submuriform, septate, 6-7 « in 
diameter. 

Hn Melosma (Rhus) Laurina, Catholic Chuch gulley, March, 1904, Baker 
4038. 


Order 2. HYSTERIINEZ. 


Family 1. HYSTERIACEZ. 


i. GLONIOPSIS De Not. 


1. G. insignis (Cke. & Hark.) Berl. & Vogl. in Sacc. Syll. Fung. g: 
LI7. ( TSOt )e teste Burt. 
Hysterographium insigne Cooke & Hark. Grevillea 14:10 (1875). 


On dead wood of Heteromeles, Pebble Beach Canyon, Feb. 2, 1921, Nuttall 
1097. This should be compared with the type—Burt. 


2. GLONIUM Miuznl. 


t. G. parvulum (Ger.) Sacc. Syllog. 2:735 (1883). teste Fairman. 


Perithecia crowded, often subseriate on the blackened surface of 
the wood, subglobose when young becoming oblong, obtuse at the 
ends, with the apex longitudinally cleft and sometimes with faint 
striae parallel to the cleft, 500-1250 in length, black: asci 8-spored, 
cylindric, short stipitate, about 60 x 6-7 yw, surrounded by numerous 
filiform paraphyses exceeding the asci in length: sporidia uniseriate, 
oblong, rounded at the ends, uniseptate, constricted at the middle, 
hyaline often minutely guttulate, 7 x 3-3.5 p. 

On dead dry wood of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia, Big Wash Can- 


yon, July 24, 1920, Nuttall 634; also found on Cercocarpus betulaefolius, Big 
Wash Canyon, July 21, 1920, Nuttall 626 pp. 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 343 


2. G. vestigiale Fairman sp. nov. 


Perithecia immersed then erumpent, scattered or gregarious, ob- 
long, with a distinct longitudinal cleft, black, about 500-1000» in 
length ; asci obovate, sessile or short stipitate, 8-spored, imbedded in a 
mass of slender paraphyses which exceed the asci in length: sporidia 
irregularly biseriate, ellipsoid, unequally uniseptate, constricted at the 
septum, hyaline or subhyaline, 24.5-30 x 8-10 p. 

On twigs of Nicotiana glauca, Avalon, June 7, 1920, Nuttall 377. The 


sporidia resemble the footprint of a modern shoe. It belongs in the group with 
spores which Rehm likened to Arthonia spores. 


3. HYSTEROGRAPHIUM Corda. 


1. H. Bakeri Earle ? Pl. Baker,2:10 (igor). teste Fairman. 


Hysterothecia crowded, erumpent superficial, oblong or ellipsoid, 
opening by a narrow longitudinal cleft, black, 500-1000 in length 
and 330 in breadth: asci clavate-cylindric, short stipitate, rounded 
at the apex, I105-120x 14-17.5, octosporous, paraphysate: sporidia 
biseriate, ellipsoid to obovate, 5-7-septate, only slightly constricted at 
the septa, muriform, brown, 20-24 x 6 p. 

On a dead log of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia, Pebble Beach Can- 
yon, Feb. 10, 1921, Nuttall 1097. H. Mori has spores uniseriate and deeply 


constricted. From H. Kansense sec. specimen in Wilson and Seaver’s Ascomy- 
cetes the above is distinguished by smaller spores. 


2. H. Mori (Schw.) Rehm. Ascom. 363 (1876). teste Fairman. 
Hysterium Mori Schw. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 4:244 (1832). 


Hysterothecia scattered or gregarious, ellipsoid, erumpent-super- 
ficial, lips opening and exposing the disc, longitudinally striate, black 
1-3 mm. long, one-half to one mm. wide: asci cylindric, 8-spored, 
paraphysate, 100-135 X 12-14: sporidia uniseriate, ovate oblong, or 
ellipsoid, 3-5-septate, constricted at the middle, muriform, hyaline at 
first becoming brown, 15-25 x 7-8 p. 

On bare wood of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Isthmus, July 28, 1920, Nuttall 
646 and 647; on bark and wood of Cercocarpus betulaefolius, Big Wash Canyon, 
July 21, 1920, Nuttall 625. (625 is young and undeveloped) ; numbers 646 and 
647 are accompanied by a lichen, in fact, the Hysterographium forms the 
smallest part of the collection. 


3. H. prominens (Phil. & Hark.) Berl. & Vogl. Syll. Add. 270 
(1886). teste Fairman. 
Hysterium prominens Phil.&Hark. Bull. Calif. Acad. 1:125 (1884). 


Hysterothecia superficial, oblong, opening by a longitudinal 
cleft which is more or less open, black, 1000 » or upward in length; 
asci octosporous, clavate-cylindric, 150 x 25-27 »; sporidia biseriate 


344 ‘Fietp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vor. V. 


or irregularly biseriate, ellipsoid, rounded at the ends, 7-12-septate, 
strongly constricted at the middle, muriform, brown, 50-56x 
14-17.5 p. 

On dead twigs of Melosma (Rhus) laurina, Avalon, June 13, 1920, Nuttall 
39. 
The specimens on Rhus agree well with Fung. Col. 529 on Adenostoma 
fasciculatum collected by McClatchie at Pasadena, California. The species is 
close to H. vulvatum Schw. from which it seems to differ in the spores not 
being unequally divided. The spores are described as broad fusoid but when one 
takes into consideration their length are narrow. 

On dead wood of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Gallagher’s Canyon, Sept. 
15, 1920, Nuttall 882. In the specimen on Lyonothamnus the asci are 160-170 
x 24-28, and the sporidia are 70-84 x 12-17.5 y, the end cells lighter colored, 
the first and sometimes the second joint above the middle septum oedematous 
and reticulate muriform. A _ peculiarity of the spores which we have not 
seen mentioned is that they separate readily, outside the asci, upon pressure on 
the cover glass. It will also be noted that the spores of Mr. Nuttall’s number 
882 are larger than usually given for this species. 

On Adenostoma fasciculatum, Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall 775. 

Associated with Hypoxylon annulatum on dead Heteromeles arbutifolia, 
Pebble Beach Canyon, Feb. 10, 1921, Nuttall 1169—teste Burt. 


Order 3. PLECTASCINEZ. 
Family 1. MYRIANGIACEZ. 
i. MYRANGIUM Mont. & Berk. 


i. M.catalinz Fairman sp. nov. 


Stomata scattered, erumpent superficial, sometimes surrounded 
by the remains of the ruptured epidermis, varying in shape from 
convex-hemispheric or pulvinate-elevated to oblong-applanate ; 
externally black-punctate and grayish-fibrillose, covered by thin, 
loosely-woven, flocculent or irregularly-fimbriate aggregations of 
brown, tortuous hyphe, interiorly composed of pseudoparenchy- 
matous tissue which is concolorous with, and shaded gradually 
into, the underlying wood cells and fibers of the host ; 500-2000 p in 
length. Loculi peripheric, without visible ostiola, globose and 60- 
200 » in diameter or oblong and 160 in length, the most superficial 
ones nearly surrounded by black, intercurrent fibers of the epis- 
tromatic layer, usually containing but one ascus to a loculus; asci 
broad cylindric or subglobose, sessile or with a short submastoid 
stipe, 70-90 » in diameter and up to 133» in length, aparaphysate; 
sporidia irregularly tristichous or conglobate, ellipsoid, rounded at 
the ends, transversely 7-septate, unconstricted at the septa, muri- 
form, hyaline, 40-50 x 17.5-21 p. 


On stems of Ramona (Audibertia ) stachyoides, June, 1920, Nuttall 475. 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 345 


Order 4. PERISPORIALES. 
Family 1. PERISPORIACEZ, 
1. CAPNODIUM Mont. 


1. (CC, Heteromeles Cke. & Hark. Grev. 13:21 (1884). teste Fairman. 


On leaves and branches of Heteromeles arbutifolia, May 28, 1920, Nuttall 
352. af 
The specimen of 382 does not afford ripe ascospores and is possibly mixed 
with Meliola Heteromeles (Cke. & Hark.) Berl. et Voglino. 
This “black smut” is very prevalent on Heteromeles throughout the island. 
{ have seen no shrub or tree of the species without it and in nawelad the leaves 
are absolutely black with it—C. F. Millspaugh. 


) 


2. EUROTIUM Link. 


ws BB. teste Thaxter. 


On dead leaves of the Catalina Cherry, Summit, Dec. 27, 1920, Nuttall 
root; Hamilton Canyon, Jan. 16, 1921, Nuttall roqr. 


Order 5. HYPOCREALES. 
Family 1. NECTRIACEZ. 
1. NECTRIA Fries. 


1. N.epispheria (Tode) Fr. Sum. V. Sc. 388 (1849). teste Fairman. 

Perithecia episphzriaceous, superficial, blood red, often collaps- 
ing, quite variable in size; asci cylindric, octosporous, 70 x 6-7 p»; 
spores irregularly uniseriate, broad fusoid, uniseptate, hyaline, 

9-10.5 X 4-5 p. 
On Eutypella stellulata (Fr.) Sacc., vicinity of Avalon, Nuttall 542 pp. 
Family 2.5 HYPOMYCETACEZ, 
1. HYPOMYCES Fries. 


1. H.rosellus (A. & S.) Tul. Ann. Soc. Nat. 4.13:12 (1860). 
teste Burt. 


On bark and decorticated wood of Sambucus glauca, July 5, 1920, Nuttall 
541. The white- or cream-colored base stained wine-color by spores. 


Order 6. DOTHIDEALES. 
Family 1. DOTHIDEACEZ, 
1. PHYLLACHORA Nitsche. 


1. P. Nuttalliana Fairman sp. nov. 


Stromata scattered, oblong, the long diameter running parallel 
with the nerves of the leaves, slightly arched, 1-2 mm. in length, 


346 Frecp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vor. V. 


dull black; loculi globose, about 200 » in diam. asci cylindric, short 
stipitate, 84-88 x 14-15 », 8-spored; sporidia ellipsoid, uniseriate, at 
times mixed uniseriate and biseriate, hyaline, 11.5-15.5x 7-8 pu. 
Euryachora Aristidae and Endodothella Tracyi on same host are described 
as having uniseptate sporidia, but our species cannot be referred to either as 


the spores show no septation. ; 
On leaves of Distichlis maritima, Little Harbor, Aug. 31, 1920, Nuttall 827. 


Order 7. SPHAERIALES. 
Family 1. SPHAERIACEZ. 


1. ROSELLINIA Ces. & DeNot. 
I. R.aquila (Fr.) DeNot. Sfer. Ital.21 (1863). teste Burt. 


Large, brown, woolly mycelium on decorticated Sambucus glauca, Pebble 
Beach Canyon, July 5, 1920, Nuttall 538; on dead hard wood of Quercus tomen- 
tella, same locality, Jan. 15, 1921, Nuttall 1026. 


Family 2, CERATOSTOMATACEZ. 


1. ACERBIA Sacc. 


1. A. bacillata (Cooke) Berl. Ic. Fung. 2:142 (1899). teste Fairman. 


Perithecia scattered, deeply immersed in the woody bark, often 
penetrating the wood, globose, thick walled, becoming suberumpent 
and elevating the epidermis which is colored gray, brown or black 
over and around them, with stout, roughened, irregularly sulcate 
necks and ostiola which finally protrude a short distance above the 
surface, black, 500» and upward in diam.; asci narrow cylindric, 
straight or curved, 6-8 spored, 200-300 x 7-8 », surrounded by a mass 
of indistinct filiform paraphyses; sporidia filiform, hyaline, yellow- 
ish in mass, fasciculate, multiseptate, indistinctly guttulate, about 
as long as the asci. 


On dead stems of Pentstemon cordifolius, Avalon Canyon, July 18 and Sept. 
2, 1920, Nuttall 679, 827. 


Family 3. AMPHISPHAERIACEZ. 
1. STRIKERIA Korb. 


1. §. Catalinz Fairman sp. nov. 


Perithecia immersed in bleached and whitened areas of the 
wood, becoming erumpent but with the base and a considerable 
portion sunk in the wood, at times scattered, usually subgregarious, 
compressed spherical or ellipsoid, dull black, 1-4 mm. in length, 
ostiola round or sub-compressed, not prominent but often incon- 
spicuous, perforate with age: asci 8-spored, clavate-cylindric, stipi- 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 347 


tate, rounded at the apex, surrounded by numerous filiform para- 
physes, 100-125 x 14m (p. sp. 105 x 14») ; sporidia ellipsoid, rounded 
at the ends, triseptate not markedly constricted, one or more of the 
cells divided by a longitudinal septum, overlapping uniseriate or 
biseriate, brown when mature, 17.5-21 x 10-12 p. 

On bare wood of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Gallagher’s Canyon, Sept. 
15, 1920, Nuttall 871. Associated with small quantities of patellariaceous and 
hysteriaceous fungi. } ies 

Sections show the perithecia in the wood substance to be more or less 
spheric, but in erupting through the hard, bare and weathered surface the latter 
become subject to so much pressure as to become molded into a narrowly com+ 
pressed or ellipsoid form. The same conditions cause the ostiola at times to 
appear compressed, and the species is close to the border line between Strickeria 
and Platystomum. The peculiar, often confusing, external appearances of species 
of Strickeria, Lophiostoma, Platystomum and Amphisphaeria on dry, hard and 
bare wood in the Western United States is noteworthy. It is well exhibited 
in the Colorado collections of C. F. Baker as reviewed by Earle in Plantae 
Bakerianae, many of the types of which can be seen in the herbarium of the 
New York Botanical Garden. 


2. TEICHOSPORELLA Sacc. 


1. T.lonicerina Fairman sp. nov. 


Perithecia sparsely scattered, immersed at first and covered by 
the blackened epidermis, becoming erumpent, base sunk in the 
matrix for approximately two-thirds the height, compressed 
spherical or oval, somewhat shining at the apex, otherwise dull 
black, slightly roughened and longitudinally striate, with minute, 
slightly protruding ostiola which are rounded or very rarely com- 
pressed and perforate with age; transverse sections in the wood 
tissue measuring 500-700» while the superficial measurements of 
the fully erumpent fungus run in length from 500-2000 p; asci 
clavate-cylindric, rounded at the apex, short stipitate, 8-spored, 115- 
175 X 17.5-20 2; paraphyses abundant; sporidia uniseriate, ellipsoid, 
5-7-septate, not constricted, muriform or cribrose guttulate, hyaline, 
subhyaline or yellowish with age, 20-31.5 x 10-12 p. 


On dead stems of Lonicera, Avalon Canyon, July 18, 1920, Nuttall 620. 


Family 4. LOPHIOSTOMATACE. 
1. LOPHIOSPHAERA Trev. 


1. L.querceti (S. & Sp.) Sacc. Syllog. 2:676 (1883). teste Fairman. 


On dead branches of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 2, 1920, 
Nuttall 509 and 510. 

Number 509 in its exposed, prominent and oval perithecia resembles many 
of the western species of the Lophiostomataceae, found by Baker in Colorado 
and listed by Earle in Plantae Bakerianae. They assume this appearance on 
old, hard, dry or weathered bare wood. 5!0 is also, sparingly, the host of 
Lecanidion atratum. 


348 Fietp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vov. V. 


Family 5.5 MYCOSPHARELLACER. 


1. MYCOSPHAERELLA Johans. 


i. M. Chlorogalli Fairman sp. nov. ‘ 

Perithecia gregarious or thickly scattered, subepidermal becom- 
ing erumpent superficial, globose depressed, opening by a central 
rounded pore which is 7-10 in diam. and surrounded by a narrow 
black zone, black, 50-100» in diameter; asci 8-spored, broad ellip- 
soid, sessile or short stipitate, 55-60 x 14-17.5 pw, aparaphysate ; spori- 
dia irregularly tristichous, ellipsoid, rounded at the ends, hyaline or 
greenish hyaline, uniseptate at the middle, not constricted, 14-17.5 x 
5-7 B- 

On dead stems of Chlorogallum pomeridianum, border of an old field, 
Middle Ranch, July 30, 1920, Nuttall 665 pp. Socia Pleospora sp. 


2. M.Clymenia(Sac.)? Mich. 1:35 (Spherella) (1879). teste Fairm. 


Spots amphygenous, circular, sordid or pale brown, surrounded 
by a dark brown or purplish colored border; perithecia minute, 
thickly scattered, epiphyllous, globose or globose-depressed; asci 
clavate-cylindric, 8-spored, 40-50 x 10 pn, without paraphyses; spori- 
dia biseriate, oblong clavate to ellipsoid, straight or curved, at first 
hyaline and continuous, apparently becoming uniseptate and un- 
equally didymous, 10-12 X 3-3.5 p. 


On leaves Ny: Lonicera, Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 10, 1921, Nuttall 1084. 
Accompanied by spermogonia which may be referable to Phyllosticta vulgaris 
Lonicerae Desm. The specimens are not mature and hence the diagnosis is 
uncertain. 


3. M.Nemoseridis Fairman sp. nov. 


Perithecia thickly scattered, erumpent, elevating the epidermis 
in pustules through the more or less blackened apices of which 
protrude minute papilliform ostiola, the ostiolum at times absent or 
deciduous and then the perithecia open by a central rounded pore, 
black, 100-150 » in diam. ; asci 8-spored, cylindric, saccate or obovate 
and capitate bulging at the upper third, short stipitate or sessile, 
rounded at the apex, 50-80 x 14-17.5 », aparaphysate; sporidia irreg- 
ularly biseriate to conglobate tristichous, uniseptate at the middle, 
at times unequally didymous, ellipsoid, attenuated, but still obtuse 
at the ends, hyaline, often granular or guttulate, 17.5-21.5 x 6-7 p. 


On smaller branches of the stems of Nemoseris (Rafinesquea) californica 
creek bed of Avalon Canyon, Feb. 9, 1921, Nuttall 1094 pp. 

The sporidia are beautifully differentiated by staining in Erythrosine Glyc- 
erine. 


ee 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLaNnD—MILtspaucH & NUTTALL 349 


Family 6. PLEOSPORACEZ. 
1. PHYSALOSPORA Niesse. 


1. P.erratica (C. & E.) Sacc. Syllog.1:442 (1882). teste Fairman. 


Asci clavate or ventricose pyriform, sessile or short stipitate, 
6-spored, 70-87.5 x 20-24 p, indistinctly paraphysate; sporidia ellip- 
soid, hyaline, granular, distichous or irregularly tristichous, 18-24 x 
7-9». Accompanied by a Macrophoma-like deuteromycete in 
pycnidia 110-220 in diameter containing hyaline ellipsoid spores 
20-24 x 7 p, and a Phoma. 

On branches of Nicotiana glauca, May 20, 1920, Nuttall 372. 

This cannot be separated morphologically from P. erratica by any differ- 
ences at present known. Physalospora Cydoniae Arnaud described by Lex R 
Hesler in Bull. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Station no. 379 is probably the same 
thing. A great number of species of Physalospora have been described on 
wood and herbaceous stems which have hyaline, ellipsoid, spores measuring 
15-25 x 7-10, which can be separated only according to habitat. Hesler has 
cultivated forms on Malus, Hammamelis, Sambucus and other hosts which he 
says are the same species. Cultures and inoculation experiments are necessary 
to determine whether the forms on herbaceous stems are the same as those on 
trees. For the present we refer the form on Nicotiana as above listed. 


2. P.eucalyptina Fairman sp. now. 


Perithecia amphigenous, scattered or gregarious, immersed in 
the mesophyll which is sometimes distinctly yellow and concolor- 
ously tingeing the perithecia (and probably the spores) sometimes 
erumpent, but for the most part covered by the translucent epi- 
dermis, globose, 200-600» broad and up to 330» in height; asci 
8-spored, cylindric, short stipitate, rounded at the apex, 100-125 x 
10-11 », surrounded by filiform. paraphyses; sporidia uniseriate, nar- 
row ellipsoid, attenuated at the ends, granular, often minutely 
guttulate, hyaline to pale yellow, 14-17.5x 7-10 p. 

On leaves of cultivated Eucalyptus, Avaion, June 3, 1920, Nuttall 405. 

This seems to differ from any of the Phyllachoras described by Theissen 

and Sydow on this host in having smaller spores and no well defined stroma. 


The spores are not as obtusely rounded at the ends as those of Physalospora 
aurantia E. & E. which species it otherwise resembles. 


3. P.heteromelina Fairman sp. now. 


Leaf spots irregular, whitish or grayish, limited by the veinlets, 
with a thin, narrow, reddish purple border which darkens with age; 
perithecia irregularly scattered over the spots, globose, black, with 
a large circular aperture at the apex, 200-225 » in diam., at first sub- 
epidermal, becoming erumpent and surrounded by the lacerated leaf 
tissues; asci 8-spored, subcylindric, rounded at the apex, sessile or 
with a very short stipe, 50 x 7.5 », surrounded by granular or guttu- 
late, cylindric paraphyses; sporidia obliquely 1-seriate, ellipsoid, 
hyaline or greenish hyaline, 7-10 x 3-4 p. 


350 ‘Fietp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vor. V. 


On both living and dying leaves of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia, 
Avalon Canyon, Aug. 31, 1920, Nuttall 822. 

Leaf sections show no clypeus and the species does not seem to be a 
Phyllachora to which genus Theissen and Sydow have referred many fungi 
originally described as Physalosporas. 


2. DIDYMELLA Sacc. 


1. D.superflua (Awd.) Sacc. Mich. 2:316 (1882). teste Fairman. 


Perithecia subepidermal becoming erumpent, scattered or 
gregarious, depressed globose to oblong, black, 200-250 x 130-150 »; 
asci clavate-cylindric, short stipitate, surrounded by indistinct para- 
physes; sporidia uniseriate, oblong obovate, septate at the middle, 
slightly constricted at the septum, lower cell smaller, hyaline, 14 x 
6p. 

On stems of Urtica holosericea, Middle Ranch Canyon, Sept. 21, 1920, 
Nuttall gor, Accompanied by a Phoma which may be Phoma nebulosa Auct. 


2. D. Ramone Fairman sp. nov. 


Perithecia scattered or gregarious, at first covered by the epi- 
dermis then erumpent, punctiform, submenbranaceous, ostiola in- 
conspicuous, black, 100-150» in diameter; asci 8-spored, saccate or 
subventricose, rounded at both ends, subsessile, 20-35 x 11.5-14 p, 
surrounded by simple filiform paraphyses; sporidia biseriate, oblong 
ellipsoid, uniseptate or with the endochrome once divided at the 
middle, not constricted, hyaline or greenish hyaline, 10-14 x 2-2.5 p. 


On twigs of Ramona stachyoides, on mountain side Avalon, July 15, 1920, 
Nuttall 614 pp. Socia Pleospora Labiatarum Cooke and Harkness. 


3. DIDYMOSPHZERIA Fuck. 


1. D.brunneola Niessl. Oest. Bot. Zeit.1874:201. teste Fairman. 


Perithecia scattered or gregarious, innate, becoming erumpent 
through the blackened and elevated epidermis, papilliform brownish 
black; asci 8-spored, clavate to subcylindric, stipe short, surrounded 
by numerous filiform paraphyses, 50-70 x 10; sporidia uniseriate, 
ellipsoid, slightly constricted, uniseptate, hyaline at first becoming 
olivaceous, 10 x 3.5-4. In exceptional cases the sporidia may reach 
14p in length. Smaller throughout than Didymospheria Cataline 
E. & E. 


On stems of Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC., Soapstone Quarry, Sept. 24, 
1920, Nuttall 9o9. 


2. D.cataline E.&E. So.Calif. Acad. Sci.4:63 (1905). teste Fairman. 


Perithecia scattered on the bleached stems, raising the epi- 
dermis directly over them into little black pustules about one-half 


FLoRA OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLaND—MILtspauGH & NUTTALL 351 


mm. in diameter, mostly slightly compressed laterally; ostiola 
papilliform, minute, finally perforated. Asci cylindrical, short- 
stipitate, 90-100 x 12», with abundant paraphyses, slightly enlarged 
at the tips. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, hyaline at first, becoming 
pale brown, uniseptate and constricted in the middle, 15-22 x 6-7 p. 


On dead stems of Artemisia californica, Catholic Church gulley, March, 
1905, Baker 4o4t. 


4. AMPHISPHZERIA Ces. & DeNot. 


i. A. dothideaspora Cooke & Hark. Grev.14:9 (1885). teste Fairm. 


On dead stems of Diplacus linearis on a hillside in Cattail Canyon, July 10, 
1920, Nuttall 547. 
Specimens immature and only a few ripe ascospores found. 


5. METASPHZERIA Sacc. 


1. M.anisometra (C. & H.) Sacc. Syll. 2:163 (1883). teste Fairman. 


Perithecia more or less thickly scattered, erumpent, ostiola just 
visible as papilliform points at the apices of the slightly pustuliform- 
elevated epidermis, subglobose flattened, black, 150-250 » in diam.; 
asci oblong-clavate, saccate or obovate, sessile or short stipitate, 
40-70 X 12-14, surrounded by numerous filiform paraphyses much 
exceeding the asci in length and at times slightly enlarged at the 
apices; sporidia biseriate or conglobate, straight or slightly curved, 
fusoid to oblong ellipsoid, subacute or obtuse at the ends, 1-4-sep- 
tate, unequally didymous, biconic at times, constricted at all the 
septa but most strongly so at the third septum, one part of the 
unequally divided spore broader and three septate, the smaller end 
uniseptate, hyaline, becoming darker in extreme age, 17.5-28 x 4-8 p. 


This species occurs, in Southern California, on many hosts. A few sporidia 
were found on Mr. Nuttall’s 520 which were brown, and Ellis & Everhart, in 
North Amer. Pyrenomycetes, say that “the mature sporidia are slightly oliva- 
ceous.” In this condition it is a Leptosphaeria. On Mr. Nuttall’s 520 some 
loose spores were found which looked like those of inverted Leptosphaeria 
pulchra (Winter) Sacc. and Berl. We leave it in Metasphaeria for it is usually 
found in the hyaline spored stage. 

On stems of Galium angustifolium, Golf Links Canyon, June 29, 1920, 
Nuttall 520. Accompanied by a Sphaeropsis and a Diplodia. On twigs of Nico- 
tiana glauca, May 109, 1920, Nuttall 375, spores 17.5-24x7y. On twigs of Rhus 
laurina, May 20, 1920, Nuttall g11.. Perithecia 125, in diam.; spores 20 x 7.5. 
septate, unconstricted spores, 7-10.5 X 3-4. On twigs of cultivated Eucalyptus, 
June 3, 1920, Nuttall 407. Spores 17-20x 5, socia Phoma sp. On dead stems 
of Solanum Wallacei, Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 9, 1921, Nuttall 1083 pp., spores 
20-24 7, socia Phlyctaena arcuata Berk. On dead twigs of Baccharis vim- 
inea, Sept. 17, 1920, Big Wash Canyon, Nuttall 878, spores 23.5x 7p. On dead 
stems of Galium angustifolium, steep Banks of Creek, Big Wash Canyon, Feb. 
10, 1921, Nuttall 1006, spores 17-20x 7 4; socia undeveloped Leptosphaeria. On 
a dead shrub, Big Wash Canyon, Jan. 20, 1921, Nuttall 1074, mostly young and 


352 ‘Frecp Museum or Naturar History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


undeveloped; spores 17.5-20x 4-5. On dead twigs of Holodiscus ariaefolius. 
left fork of Willow Cove Canyon, Aug. 2, 1920, Nuttall 752 pp.; spores 
20 x 6-74; socia Valsa holodiscina q. v. On twigs of Malvastrum Thurberi, 
Cherry Canyon, July 1, 1920, Nuttall 507—teste Seaver. 


6. LEPTOSPHZERIA Ces. & DeNot. 


1. L.Galiorum gnaphaliana Fairman var. now. 


Perithecia thickly scattered, not on definite spots, at first innate, 
then erumpent, with minute, protruding, conoid ostiola, often con- 
cealed beneath the woolly covering of the stems, sub-membran- 
aceous, black, 150-200 in diam.; asci, 8-spored, clavate-cylindric, 
short stipitate, 75-77x 10-12; sporidia uniseriate or biseriate, 
straight, or curved, triseptate, constricted at the septa, guttulate, 
brown, 20-24 X 7-7.5 p. 

On dead stems of Gnaphalium, Big Wash Canyon, Sept. 17, 1920, Nuttall 
879. The spores are broader than those of L. Doliolum and the perithecia are 
smaller than those given in the description of L. Galiorum Sacc. which has 
spores of the same size and form. Leptosphaeria Gnaphalii.(West and Fckl.) 
Sacec. is an imperfectly described and doubtful species, but it is said to have 
5-septate spores. Berlese says, [cones Fungorum 88: “L. Gnaphalii (West & 
Fcekl.) Sacc. incerta.” 


>. PLEOSPORA Rabh. 


1. P.Chlorogalli Fairman sp. nov. 


Perithecia depressed, oblong or ellipsoid, 350-500 » in length by 
100-200 » in height, opening by a rounded, often excentric pore 
which is 60m and upward in diam.; asci clavate-cylindric, short 
stipitate, 105-140 x 20-24 », 8-spored; sporidia irregularly biseriate, 
oblong, 5-6-septate, muriform, brown, 25-35 X 10-14 p. 


On dead stems of Chlorogallum pomeridianum, border of an old field, 
Middle Ranch, July 30, 1920, Nuttall 665 pp. The oblong, megastomous peri- 
thecia afford characters which distinguish this. 


2. P.herbarum(Pers.) Rabh.Herb.Myc.ed.2:547 (1857) teste Fairm. 
Sporidia 28-35 x 14-17 p, 5.5-7 septate, brown. 


On stems of Verbena prostrata, Pebble Beach Canyon, June 7, 1920, Nuttall 
506. Accompanied by a Phoma which is probably a stage of the Pleospora. 
On Foeniculum vulgare, Johnson’s Landing, Sept. 24, 1920, Nuttall 910. The 
above has perithecia 150-3004 in diam., asci clavate-cylindric, short stipitate, 
about 140x35, and spores 5-7 septate, muriform, brown, 30-38x14y. On 
dead stems of Cirsium occidentale, Avalon Canyon, Jan. 209, 1921, Nuttall 1069. 
Sporidia 32-38 x 14-17.5 » 7 septate, muriform, brown. On dead stems of Ptiloria, 
Avalon Canyon, Jan. 29, 1921, Nuttall 1070 and 1071 pp. Sporidia 27-32 x 14-17 yp, 
6-7 septate, muriform, brown. Probably a smaller spored form. Associated 
with an undeveloped Metasphaeria on oblong blackened or cloudy areas. On 
dead Nemoseris in Creek bed, Avalon Canyon, Feb. 9, 1921, Nuttall roo4 pp. 
Spores 30x 14y. On overwintered plants of some member of the Fabaceae, 
Big Wash Canyon, Jan. 20, 1921, Nuttall 1075. 


ee 
A OS ee ae ee 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILtspauGH & NUTTALL 353 


3. P.infectoria Fckl. Symb. Myc. 132 (1869). teste Fairman. 


Perithecia rather thickly scattered over the stems, centrally 
ostiolate, black, 250-350 in diam.; asci clavate, short stipitate, 8- 
spored, 112 x 20-24; sporidia uniseriate, or irregularly uniseriate, 
oval, mostly 5-septate, constricted at the middle, straw yellow 
becoming darker with age, about 31.5 x I4,n. 

On twigs of Lupinus Hallii, May 25, 1920, Nuttall 414. 

Pleospora herbarum (Pers) Rabh. is often found on Lupinus, Cfr. Lindau, 
Hilfsbuch: Farlow, host Index: Earle, Plantae Baker. But the form on the 
above mentioned host from Santa Catalina differs markedly from specimens 
of P. herbarum on Lupinus angustifolius issued in. Sydow’s Myc. Germanica, 
no. 245. In spore dimensions they occupy middle ground between P. herbarum 
and P. infectoria and agreé well with the description of Pleospora Compositarum 
Earle in Pl. Bak. Nuttall’s 414 is also the host of a smaller Pleospora which 
has perithecia 100-150, in diam., asci clavate, short stipitate 45.5-50.5 x 7-10, and 
sporidia biseriate, brown, 14-17.5x6-7y4, but the spores are not developed 
enough to be positive about the septa, either transverse or longitudinal, but 
possibly they may belong to P. diaportheoides E. & E. or P. microspora Sacc. 
There is also a Phoma on no. 414. Perithecia 165-198, in diam.:  asci 
105 X 24.5 4: sporidia mostly 5-septate, 20-27 x 10 y. 

On Typha latifolia, June 6, 1920, Nuttall rgo. 


4. P. Labiatarum Cooke & Hark. Grey. 14:8 (1885). teste Fairman. 


Perithecia black, 220 and upward in diam.; asci 8-spored, 
clavate-cylindric, 70-87.5 x 14-17.5 w, sporidia biseriate, ellipsoid, 3- 
septate, constricted at the middle, with one or more of the cells 
longitudinally septate, yellow brown, becoming dark brown with 
age, 20-28 x 10-14 p. 

On twigs of Ramona stachyoides, Avalon, July 15, 1920, Nuttall 614 pp. 
The sporidia in Mr. Nuttall’s specimens become darker than the color given 


in the original description, and are also 5-septate at times. Socia Microdiplodia 
Ramonae and Didymella Ramonae. 


5. P. Meliloti Rabh. Fung. Eur. 2330 (1878). teste Fairman. 

Perithecia thickly scattered, globose depressed, subcutaneous, 
erumpent, black, averaging about 335-350 » in diam.; asci cylindric, 
short stipitate. rounded at the apex, 8-spored, 147-250x 304; 
sporidia oblong-ovate, obliquely monostichous to irregularly dis- 
tichous, 5-6 septate, muriform, at times cribrose guttulate, honey 
brown, constricted at the middle, 30-38.5 x 14-17.5 p. 


On dead stems of Melilotus of previous season, Avalon Canyon, Jan. 20, 
1921, Nuttall 1072, 1073. Ellis and Everhart in North Amer. Pyrenomycetes, 
list it as a syn. of Pleospora herbarum. Berlese in Ic. Fung. figures it as a 
distinct species. 


Family 7. VALSACEZ, 


1. ANTHOSTOMA Nitschke. 


1. A.dryophilum (Curr.) Sacc. Syll.1:308 (1882). teste Fairman. 
Sphaeria Diatrype dryophila Curr. Trans. Linn. Soc. 22:269 f. 75 
(1858). 
Stroma tuberculiform or irregularly coalescent, deeply im- 
mersed in the bark, then erumpent, with ostiola and necks converg- 


354 Firetp Museum or Naturar History—Bortany, Vou. V. 


ing in a roughened disc; asci cylindric, stipitate, paraphysate, p. sp. 
about 80» in length; sporidia uniseriate, narrow ellipsoid, continu- 
ous, biguttulate at first, becoming brown or opaque, 10-11 x 3.5-4 p. 


On bark of Quercus sp., May 28, 1920, Nuttall 3909. 


2. WALSA Fries. 


i, WV. Eucalypti Cke. & Hark. Grev.g:85 (1881). teste Fairman. 


Stromata discrete, sometimes thickly scattered, immersed in the 
inner bark, becoming erumpent and subsuperficial; perithecia few 
in a stroma, with stout, long ostiola which are straight or curved, 
somewhat roughened (smooth sec. Cooke), obtuse at the ends; asci 
clavate, sessile or short stipitate, 33.5-42 x 6-7 »; sporidia hyaline, 
alantoid, straight or curved, 6-8 x 1.5-2.5 p. 

On dead bark of cultivated Eucalptus, May 20, 1920, Nuttall 403. 
The measurements of the asci are lacking in the original description, also 


in Sace. Syll. Fung. and in E. & E. North Amer. Pyrenomycetes. The spec- 
imens of E. & E. in N. Am. Fungi were mainly in the stylospore stage. 


2. V.holodiscina Fairman sp. now. 


Stromata orbicular, formed from the unchanged inner bark, 
with no black circumscribing line, finally elevating the bark in 
small, slightly raised pustules, scattered or gregarious; perithecia 
globose or angular from mutual pressure, circinate, black and 
shining, with short necks which converge in a slightly prominent 
black disc through which the shining black ostiola just protrude; 
asci clavate-cylindric, 8-spored, 30-35 x 5-6, paraphysate: spores 
irregularly biseriate, allantoid, curved, hyaline, 7.5-10 x 2-2.5 p. 

On dead twigs of Holodiscus ariacfolius (formerly Spiraea ariaefolia) 
left fork of Willow Cove Canyon, Aug. 2, 1920, Nuttall 669 pp. Socia Meta- 
sphaeria anisometra (C. & H.) Sace. and a Diaporthe in a subepidermal valsoid 
stroma without circumscribing lines and with hyaline, uniseptate, often quadri- 
guttulate, unconstricted sporidia which measure 14-17.5 x 3.5-44,; agreeing well 
with Diaporthe Fuckelii, but the specimens are insufficiently developed to make 
the diagnosis sure. Through the kindness of Dr. Homer D. House, State 
Botanist of New York, we have had the privilege of examining the type spec- 
imens of Peck’s Valsa opulifoliae, collected on Spiraea opulifolia at West 
Albany, New York, April 25, 1884. Mr. Nuttall’s specimens on Holodiscus differ 
in absence of any gray disc, less prominent postules, and longer, spiny ostiola. 


3. EUTYPELLA Nitsche. 


{. KE. ceranata Fairman sp. now. 


Stromata scattered or gregarious, disposed in parallel series in 
the longitudinal axis of the decorticated branches, on bare wood, 
immersed then erumpent and girt by the split fibres of the wood, 
oblong or narrow-ellipsoid, dull black, roughened, 1-6 mm. in length; 
perithecia monostichous, usually in a linear series lengthwise of the 


Fiora oF SANTA CaTaLina IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 355 


stroma, 6-8 or more, at first immersed in a whitish waxen stroma 
which becomes brown or almost obsolete with age, with short 
cylindric ostiola which simply pierce the upper surface of the 
stroma and are visible as obtuse black tubercles on its surface; asci 
clavate-cylindric, long pedicellate, 8-spored, averaging about 70x 7 
#, paraphysate; sporidia allantoid, curved, irregularly biseriate, 
hyaline to yellowish, 8-10 x 2.5-3 u. 


_On dead wood of Photinia (Heteromeles) arbutifolia, Big Wash Canyon, 
July 24, 1920, Nuttall 632. 


2. E.domicalis Fairman sp. now. 


Stromata scattered or gregarious, convex, hemispherical with 
flattened base, dome-shaped rarely confluent and irregularly elon- 
gated, black, surrounded by a black circumscribing line, 1-4 mm. in 
length; perithecia globose, often irregular from pressure, thick 
walled, monostichous, from 2-30, in a stroma; ostiola long cylindric, 
either irregularly or in separate fascicles; asci 8-spored, clavate, 
long stipitate, p. sp. 35x73; sporidia biseriate above, uniseriate 
below, allantoid, curved, hyaline to yellowish, 10 x 2.5 p. 


On Adenostoma fasciculatum, Equestrian Trail, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall 774. 


3. E. Populi E. & E. Am. Nat. 1897: 342. teste Fairman. 


On Populus trichocarpa, Avalon Canyon, July 15, 1920, Nuttall 6175. 


4. E.stellulata (Fr.) Sace. Syllog.1:571 (1882). teste Fairman. 


Stromata erumpent through the bark in longitudinal clusters, 
formed from the unchanged substance of the inner bark, surrounded 
by a black circumscribing line, epidermis often inflated and pierced 
by the ostiola; perithecia variable in number, globose or angular 
from mutual pressure, pachypleurous; ostiola short, rugose; asci 
octo-sporous, clavate-oblong, long pedicellate, 50x 6-7 yw, paraphy- 
sate; sporidia subdistichous, allantoid, hyaline, often pale yellow 
when ejected in mass, 10-12 X 2-2.5 p. 


On bark of the limbs of Sambucus glauca, Pebbie Beach Canyon, July 5, 
1920, Nuttall 542. 


4. EUTYPA Tul. 


1. E.lata (Pers.) Tul. Select. Fung. Carp. 2:56 (1863). teste Fairm. 


Stroma widely effused, continuous, innate in the wood and 
bark, uneven, cinereous to brown or black; perithecia monostichous, 
immersed, somewhat protruding, globose, 225-325 » or upward in 
diam.; ostiola scattered, often irregularly, obtuse conical or sub- 
hemispheric, entire; asci cylindric-clavate, long pedicellate, p. sp. 
33x 5-6; sporidia biseriate above, uniseriate below, allantoid, 
straight or curved, yellowish hyaline, 7-10 x 1.5-2 p. 


356 Frecp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vot. V. 


On dead wood and bark of Crossosoma californica, Avalon Canyon, July 
21, 1920, Nuttall 629. 


5. PERONEUTYPA Berl. 


1. P.heteracantha(Sacc.) Berl.Ic.Fung. 3:81 (1902) teste Fairman. 


On limbs of Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canyon, July 5, 1920, Nuttall 
539. 


Family 8. MELOGRAMMATACEZ. 


1. BOTRYOSPHAERIA Ces. & DeNot. 


1. BB. Sp. teste Fairman. 


On bark of Nicotiana glauca, May 7, 1920, Nuttall 376. 

This specimen not fully matured, only a few ripe ascospores found which 
were ellipsoid, yellowish hyaline, often granular, 20x 8 contained in clavate 
asci 70-85 x 20-27 4, paraphysate. Evidently in that composite called by Ellis 
oe Everhart, in North Amer. Pyrenomycetes, Botryosphaeria fuliginosa (M. 

a). 


Family 9. XYLARIACEZE. 


1. NUMMULARIA Tul. 


1. N.Clypeus (Schw.) Cooke. Grev.12:6 (1883). teste Fairman 


On small leaved Quercus (dumosa?), Pebble Beach Canyon, July 3, 1920, 
Nuttall 530. 
Spores dark, continuous, 14 x 6-7 y. 


2. HYPOXYLON Bull. 


1. H.botrys Nitsch. Pyr. Germ. 34 (1867). teste Fairman. 


Stromata erumpent, depressed tuberculiform and 4-5 mm. in 
diam., or elongated up to 10mm. long, composed of simple aggre- 
gations of perithecia underlaid and also surrounded by the whit- 
ened substance of the bark or wood, black; perithecia monostichous, 
discrete or aggregated, imbedded in bark or wood, overlaid and 
cemented together by the thin crustose stromatic roof, projecting 
above the surface to a variable distance; asci 8-spored, cylindric, 
stipitate, I125x7p (p. sp. 70x7,), sporidia uniseriate, narrow- 
ellipsoid, continuous, often guttulate, black, 10-12 x7 p. 

On Lonicera catalinense, Nuttall 781. 

We have not seen authentic specimens of H. botrys and the determination 
follows the understanding of Ellis, in N. A. Pyr., of the characters of this 
species. 


/ 


Fiora oF SANTA CaTALINA IsLanD—-MILtspaucH & NUTTALL 357 


2. H. rubiginosum( Pers.) Fr.Sum. Veg.Scan.384 (1849) teste Fairm. 


On Cercocarpus betulaefolius, Big Wash Canyon, July 21, 1920, Nuttall 

626 pp. Asci p. sp. 70-80 x7 yw, spores back, 8-1ox4y. On Heteromeles, right 

feel of Gallagher’s Canyon, Sept. 15, 10920, Nuttall 867. Young stage. On 
Rhamnus insularis, Nolava Canyon, June 30, 1920, Nuttall 512.—teste Seaver. 


3. H.annulatum (Schw.) Mont.Syll.Crypt. 213 (1856). teste Burt. 


On dead log of Heteromeles arbutifolia, Pebble Beach Canyon, Feb. 10, 
1921, Nuttall rogr. 


4. H.atropurpureum Fr. Summ. Veg. Scand. 384 (1849). feste Burt. 
On dead log Rhamnus, Gallagher’s Canyon, Dec. 11, 1920, Nuttall 1105. 


5. ea. Sp. teste Fairman. 


On Adenostoma fasciculatum, north hillside top of Willow Cove Can- 
yon, Aug. 7, 1920, Nuttall 78o. 

Not in the Ellis Herbarium. Failing to recognize this Dr. Fairman sent 
it to Mr. C. G. Lloyd who reports as follows: “It is none of our usual species, 
and if named has been named from the tropics.” “There have been large num- 
bers of tropical Hypoxylons accumulated unnamed in our museums, and we 
expect on our next trip to Europe to hunt them up as far as possible.” 


3. XYLARIA Hill. 


i. XX. hypoxylon (L.) Grev. Fl. Edin. 355 (1824). teste Burt. 


' Young conidial stroma on a dead stump, Pebble Beach Canyon, Dec. 26, 
1920, Nuttall 994. 


LICHENS* 


Plant forms from insular regions are nearly always interesting, 
and the Lichen Flora of the Santa Catalina Island proves to be no 
exception to a somewhat elastic rule. The student of Lichen 
specimens from the Island at once perceives that the material 
represents normally developed and colored examples of the various 
species. Microscopical study of the internal characters further 
. develops the fact that the outward influences governing physio- 
logical developments have been entirely favorable. 

It is well known that Lichen growth takes place only when 
the tissues of the plant are in a moist condition, and it is equally 


well understood that the individual development proceeds the more , 


favorably when an alternation of dry and moist conditions prevail. 

The writer has no definite information regarding climatic 
conditions in Santa Catalina Island. The evidence afforded by 
the Lichens collected by Mr. Nuttall and others, and examined 
with considerable detail, shows clearly that the elements of sun- 
light and moisture essential for healthy growth are nearly ideal. 

A comparison of the following list of species and forms with 
what is known of the Lichens of California, Washington, Maine 
and Florida shows that 84% of the Catalina species are found on 
the mainland of California, 45% in the State of Washington, 44% 
in Maine, and-21% in Florida. The zonal distribution is some- 
what perplexing, and ranges from known Canadian forms on the 
one hand, to upper Sonoran or even Austro-riparian on the other. 


Family 1. WERRUCARICEAE 
1. VERRUCARIA Pers. 
1. V. rupestris Schrad. Spicilg. Fl. Germ. 109 (1794). 
On small stones on a shady bank, altitude 500 feet; Nuttall 483. 


2. V.margacea papillosa (Ach.) Nyl. Lich. Scand. 272 (1861). 


On rocks or earth; probably collected by Dr. Hasse, but the 
species is not credited to Santa Catalina in his Lichen Flora. 
McClatchie lists it on the authority of Hasse. 


”*By G. K. Merrill. 


358 


StS oe 


a 


Fora OF Santa CaTALina IsLaND—-MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 359 


3. V.maura Wahl. in Ach. Method. Suppl. 19 (1803). 
On beach rocks; Trask, fide Hasse. 


Family 2.5 DERMATOCARPACEAE 
i. DERMATOCARPON (Eschw.) Th. Fr. 


1. D. miniatum (L.) Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. 259 (1825) 


On rocks, Silver Canon; Nuttall 449 and Gallagher’s Canon, 
TII4. 


Family 3. PYRENULACEAE 
1. ARTHOPYRENIA Mass. 


1. A. (Acrocordia) bifromis (Borr.) Mull. in Flora 66:306 (1883). 
On Photinia; Hasse. 


2. &. (Acrocerdia) sphaeroides (Wahl.) Zahl. Bryolog. 12:61 

(1914). 

Thallus effuse, smoothish, light gray with a faint yellowish 
dash; apothecia dimidiate, dull black, hemispherical, at the base 
thinly covered by the thallus. Spores 8, ellipsoid, bilocular, 
14-16x6-8 yp. 

The section Acrocordia of Arthopyrenia is marked by the 
presence of linear asci, with the spores more or less serially 
disposed. 

On oaks; Hasse. 


3. A. punctiformis (Pers.) Arn. in Flora 68:160 (1885). 
On Photinia; Hasse. 


4. A, fallax (Nyl.) Arn. in Flora 68:159 (188s). 

Verrucaria epidermidis fallax Nyl. Bot. Notis. 1852 :178. 

Not deserving of specific rank, for it is merely A punctiformis 
with distinct paraphyses. 

On various barks; Hasse. 


2. PORINA (Ach.) Miill. 


t.\ P.\plumbaria) (Stiz.)' Hasse, ‘Contr.\ U.S. Nat): Herb. 17212 
(1913). 
On Crossosoma californica; Nuttall 459, and on Neostyphonia 
integrifolia, 388. 


360 Frerv Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vou. V. 


it 


Family 4. MYCOPORACEAE 
1. MYCOPORELLUM Mill. 


M. Hassei Zahlbr. in Hasse Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17:13 
(1913) 
Type locality near Avalon, on Crossosoma californica, Hasse. 


Type in herb. Zahlbruckner; co-type in herb. Hasse, Harvard, 
and herb. Field. 


- 


Family 5. CALICIACEAE 
1. CALICIUM Pers. 


C. parietinum Ach. Vet. Ak. Handl. 260 (1816). 
On decorticated Sambucus glauca, Pebble Beach Canon; on 


Lyonothamnus, Gallagher’s Canon; and on Crossosoma, Big Wash 
Canon; Nuttall 521, 887, 888. 


D 


2. SPHINCTRINA Fries. 


S. microcephala (Tul.) Nyl. in Mem. Soc. Cherb. 91. (1857). 
On decorticated branches of Adenostoma fasciculata, Equestrian 


Trail, Nuttall 773. 


es 
0° 


Family 6. CYPHELIACEAE 
1. CYPHELIUM Th. Fr. 


C. Bolanderi (Tuck.) Zahl. in Eng. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 
1.1* :84 (1907). 


On rocks, common or mountain tops; Nuttall 473. 


Family 7. ARTHONIACEAE 
1. ARTHONIA Ach. 


A. gyalectoides, Miill. in Flora 69:128 (1886). 
On Photinia, Hasse. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:72 (1903). 


A. impolita (Ehrh.) Borr. in Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2692, f. 1 
(1831). 

On bark of Photinia. Hasse. 

A. lecanactidia Zahl. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 13:155 (1892). 

On Lycium californicum, Isthmus; Hasse. 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MiILispauGcH & NUTTALL 361 


4. A. radiata Swartziana (Ach.) Willey, Syn. Arth. 44 (1890). 
On various barks; Hasse. 


5. A, radiata angustata Wain. Adjumenta Lich. Lapp. Fenni. 
2:157 (1883). 
Apothecia linear, simple or branching, the thallus limited by a 
black hypothalline line, measurements and reactions as in the 
species. | 
On caudex of Coreopsis gigantea; Hasse. 


6. A. rhoidis Zahl. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 13:156 (1902). 
Type on bark of Melosma laurina; Hasse. . 


7. A. punctiformis Ach. Lich. Univ. 141 (1810) 


On bark of Photinia; Hasse (as Verrucarta punctiformis) ; on 
bark of Nicotiana glauca; Nuttall 373. 


8. A. stictella Stiz., Hasse, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17:20 (1913) 
On Lonicera catalinense; Hasse. 


g. A, tetramera (Stiz.) Hasse, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17:19 
(1913). 


On bark of Lonicera catalinense and on oaks; Hasse. 


10. A. polygramma Nyl. in Prod. Fl. Nov. Gran. ed. 1:66 (1863). 


On Populus trichocarpa; Nuttall 386, and on Neostyphonia 
integrifolia ; Hasse. 


11. A. gregaria (Weig.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 291 (1855). 

Thallus determinate, often developed under the bark, grayish 
or reddish, thin, filmy, sometimes furfuraceous; apothecia irreg- 
ularly rounded or elongate, scattered or confluent, the disc plane, 
depressed, somewhat whitish or cinnabar-reddish pruinose; spores 
obovate-clavate usually four-septate, the upper cell larger, 
18-26x7-9 pp. 

This species is not enumerated in the Lichen Flora of Dr. 
Hasse, and is inserted here with some doubt. 

On Quercus tomentella; Trask, fide Hasse. 


Arthonia pyrrhuliza Nyl., A dispersa Schrad., and A. dispersa 
cytisti Mass. have been listed from Catalina by Dr. Hasse, but do 
not appear in the Lichen Flora. 


2. ARTHOTHELIUM Mass. 


t. A. orbiliferum Almq. Mem. Arth. Scand. 41 (1880) 
On Photinia; Hasse. 


362 ~=Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Botany, Vor. V. 


2. A, sanguineum (Willey) Zahl. in Engl. & Prantl Natl. Pflanzel. 
EeX* QL). (1007). 
Arthonia sanguinea Willey Syn. Arth. 22) (1890). 
On Oak bark, Hasse. 


3. A.anastomosans (Ach.) Hasse, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17:28 
(1913). 
Arthonia anastomosans Ach. 


On barks. McClatchie; Hasse. 


4. <A. subcystodes (Willey) comb. nov. , 


Arthonia subcystodes Willey, Syn. Arth. 51 (1890). 


Thallus thin, white; apothecia rounded, convex; spores 4-8, 
oblong-ovoid muriform, the transverse cells about 8, the longi- 
tudinal in the center about 3, 22-27x7-I1 p. 

On Photinia; Hasse. 


5. A. spectabile (Flot.) Mass. Rich. Lich. 54 (1852). 


Thallus whitish, thin, effuse, unequal, subfarinaceous; apoth- 
ecia brownish-black, rather large, angularly roundish, often sur- 
rounded by a spurious thalline margin, scattered or crowded and 
subconfluent; spores muriform, colorless, becoming brown, 


30-36X15-17 bw. 
On various barks ; Hasse. 


Family 8. GRAPHIDACEAE 
1. OPEGRAPHA Humb. 


1. ©. Chevallieri Leight Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 88:13:90 (1854). 
On argillaceous rock; Hasse. 


iS) 


O. pulicaris (Hoffm.) Nyl. Hue Addenda Nov. Lich. Eur. 61 :247 
(1878). 


On Neostyphonia integrifolia; Hasse. 


3. O.rimalis Ach. Lich. Univ. 260 (1810). 
On various barks; Hasse. 


4. QO. vulgata Ach. Method. Lich. 20 (1803). 


On bark, Trask; Hasse; on bark of Laurocerasus Lyoni, Swain’s 
Canyon, Nuttall 635, on bark of oak, Pebble Beach Canyon, Nuttall 


534. 


Frora oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NuTTALL 363 
O. Hassei Zahl. Ann. Mycologici 10:363 (1912). 
On rocks; Hasse. 


6. ©. betulina(Sm.) Nyl. Hue Addend. Nov. Lich. Eur. 248. (1878). 
On oak; Hasse. 


ui 


Family 9. CHIODECTONACEAE 
1. CHIODECTON Ach. 


1. C€. ochroleucum Zahl. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club .27:646 (1900). 
On Neostyphonia intergrifolia; Trask 604. 


2. C. sanguineum (Sw.) Wain. Etud. Lich. Brasil 2:143 (180). 


This species is reported by Dr. Hasse from Santa Catalina 
Island, in one of his occasional papers, but it is not included in his 
Lichen Flora. There seems to be no ready explanation for the 
omission, except that the original specimens were mistakenly 
placed. 


2. SCLEROPHYTON Eschw. 


1. §&. californicum (Tuck.) Hasse, Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17 :27 
(1913). 
On Neostyphonia integrifolia ; Isthmus; Hasse. 


Family 10. DIRINACEAE 


1. DIRINA Fr. 


1. D. Hassei Zahl. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 27:644 (1900). 
On bark of Photinia arbutifolia and Melosma laurina; Hasse. 
D. rediunta (Stiz.) Zahl. Hasse Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17:27 


(1913). 
On Umbellularia californica; Hasse. 


bo 


3. D catalinariae Hasse, Bryologist 14:102 (1911). 


Thallus determinate, thick, areolate-rimrose, white, reaction 
with KHO yellowish, with CA (Clo)2 pinkish-red; apothecia 
I.5-2 mm. wide substipitate upon a_ short stout thalline elevation, 
disk round or slightly angular, dark but covered by a dense white 
pruina, proper margin thin, hidden by a turgid thalline one; spores 
rarely found fusiform with rounded ends, straight or slightly 
curved, 24-30x55-8 » hypothecium thick, dark brown. 

Type on beach boulders near Avalon; Hasse. 


364. kretp Museum or NaturaAr History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


Family 11. ROCCELLACEAE 
it. DENDROGRAPHA Darbish. 


1. D. leucophaea (Tuck.) Darbish. Ber. der Deutsch. Gesellsch. 
16:13 (1898). 
On shrubs, Trask; on Neostyphonia integrifolia, Isthmus; Nutiall 
O13. 


iS) 


D. leucophaea minor (Tuck.) Darbish Ber. der Deutsch. 
Gesellsch. 16:13 (1898). 


On rocks exposed to ocean spray; Hasse; McClatchie. 


2. ROCCELLA Lam. & DC. 


1. R. fuciformis (L.) Lam. & DC. Flora Franc. 2:335 (1805). 
On rocks; Trask. 


3. SCHIZOPELTE Th. Fr. 


1. §. californica Th. Fr. in Flora 58:143 (1875). 
On rocks; Hasse. 


Family 12. LECANACTIDACEAE 
1. LECANACTIS Eschw. 


i. L. salicina Zahl. Hasse in Bryologist 11:7 (1900). 
On bark of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Isthmus; Nuttall 651. 


2. LL, californica Tuck. Syn. 2:115 (1888). 


On twigs; Hasse; McClatchie; on twigs of Neostyphonia ovata, 
Silver Canyon; Nuttall 462. 


3. LL. dubia sp. nov. 


Thallus thin, filmy, whitish-ashy, effuse, no hypothallus per- 
ceptible, the algae normal to the genus; apothecia small, a little 
elevated, substipitate, black, the margin not very evident except 
in the lesser patellae, the disk commonly plano-convex, but now 
and then slightly concave, the epithecium roughened; spores 8-nae. 
fusiform, four-locular, 24-30x7-8, the hypothecium black. 

Some of the apothecia approach the graphidaceous type, and 
in some aspects the plant approaches the Pyrenomycetous fungi. 
The presence of algae, and definite Lichen spores, warrant the 
present disposition. . 

On bark of Lyonothamnus floribundus, Isthmus; Nuttall 648. 


i 


oP} 
rj 


tu 
‘ 


3: 


FLora OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLAND—MILtspaucH & NUTTALL 365 


2. SCHIZMATOMMA FI. & Kb. 


S. californicum (Tuck.) Herre, Hasse Contrib. U. S. Natl. 
Herb. 17:33 (1913). 
On Quercus, Pebble Beach Canon; Nuttall 533. 


S. hypothallinum Zahl. Bull. Torr. Club. 27:645 (1900). 
Type on rocks; Trask 692; Hasse. 


S. pluriloculare Zahl. Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzen. 1.1*:116 
(1907). 
Type on bark of Neostyphonia integrifolia; Hasse. 


Family 13. DIPLOSCHISTACEAE 


1. DIPLOSCHISTES Norm. 


D. scruposus (L.) Norm. Con Praem. Gen. in Nyt. Magazin 
fur Naturvidensk 7:232 (1853). 


On rocks and earth, mountain tops; Nuttall 474 and 485; Hasse. 
D. gypsaceus (Ach.) Hasse. Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17:34 
(1913). 
On sterile clay soil; Trask. 
Family 14. LECIDEACEAE 
1. LECIDEA Ach. 


L. fumosa (Hoffm.) Ach. Method. Lich. 41 (1803). 
On granite rocks; Hasse. 


L. lapicida Ach. Method. Lich. 37 (1803). 
On granite and crystalline rocks; Trask; Hasse. 


L. lapicida declinans Ny]. Lich. Scand. 226 (1861). 
On calcareous rocks; McClatchie. Appearing by name in the 


earlier publications of Dr. Hasse, but no mention of it is made in the 
Lichen Flora. 


4. 


L. latypaea Ach. Method. Lich. Suppl. 10 (1803). 
On calcareous rocks; Hasse. 


366 Frerp Museum or Naturar History—Botany, Vor. V. 


5. L. catalinaria Stiz. Hasse. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 24:447 (1897). 
On sandstone boulder; Hasse; on volcanic rock at Isthmus; 
McClatchie. 
6G. L. goniphila Schaer. Enum. 127 (1850). 
On sandstone; Hasse. 


L. (Biatora) glebulosa (Sm.) Schaer. Enum. Lich. Eanae re 
(1850). 


On crumbling sandstone and earth; Hasse. 


NI 


8. L. (Biatora) phaeophora Stiz. Hasse. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 
24:448 (1897). 
On calcareous rocks; Avalon, Hasse. 

9g. L. (Btatora) coarctata (Sm.) Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. ser. 3, 
1:358 (1858). 
On earth and rocks; Hasse. 
Dr. Hasse at one time listed Lecidea minuta and L. sylvana Koerb. 


both of the section Biatora, but the names do not appear in the Lichen 
Flora. 


10. L. (Psora) luridella (Tuck.) Hasse. Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herb. 
17:46 (1913). 
On earth; Hasse; on clay; McClatchie. 

11. L. (Psora) scotopholis (Tuck.) Herre Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 
12:80 (1910). 


On quartzose rock; Hasse. 


2. CATILLARIA Mass. 


1. C. Griffithii (Sm.) Merl. 


On Quercus, Pebble Beach Canon; Nuttall 511; on bark; Hasse. 
This is Catillaria tricolor of Hasse. 


2. C. lenticularis ecrustacea Hepp. ex Arnold in Flora 41:502 
(1858). 


On sand rock; Hasse. 
3. BACIDIA DeNot. 


1. B. clementis Hasse, Bryologist 13:61 (1910). 
On bark of Quercus, Mountain top; Nuttall 467. 


Frora oF Santa Catarina IsLanp—MiItispaucyH & Nuttay 367 


B. Naegelii (Hepp.) Zahl. Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzen 
B07 2135 (1907). 
On oak; Hasse; McClatchie (as Buellia). 


th 


3. 3B. endoleuca (Nyl.) Kickx. Fl. Crypt. Fland. 1:261 (1867). 


Thallus composed of minute granules, these usually contiguous 
and united into a roughened chinky or subleprose crust, ashy or 
glaucous; apothecia rather small, sessile, flat or rarely concave, 
margin more or less persistent, black or reddish-black; spores 
acicular, the cells various in number, 30-50x3.4-5 », hypothecium 
reddish-brown. 

On Sambucus glauca; Hasse. 


4. TONINIA Mass. 


1. T, aromatica (Sm.) Mass.) Syn. Lich. 54 (1855). 
On rocks; Hasse (as Lecidea aromatica) ; McClatchie. 


5. RHIZOCARPON Ramond. 


1.. R. Bolanderi (Tuck.) Herre Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:106 
(1910). 


On rocks; Hasse. 


2. R. oidaleum (Tuck.) Merl. 


On bark of shrubs; Hasse; McClatchie; on Quercus dumosa and 
Ceanothus megacarpus; Nuttall 4476,.455; on Arctostaphylos, Gal- 
lagher’s Canyon; Nuttall 861. 


3. R. penichraeum (Tuck.) Merl. 


This differs little from R. oidaleum except by possessing a 
white thallus. In Tuckerman’s view it is merely a variation of 
that species. 

On bark of Photinia; Hasse. 


4. R. confervoides DC. Fl. Franc. 2:565 (1805). 


Thallus verrucose-areolate, dark gray, brownish-gray, or some 
shade of brown, the areoles discrete or approximate upon a con- 
spicuous black hypothallus ; apothecia sessile upon the hypothallus, 
moderate, the disk black, plane or convex with a more or less 
persistent margin; spores 6-8-nae., variable in size and color, 
murifom. 

This is the Buellia petraea of certain papers of Dr. Hasse. 

On rocks; Hasse. 


308 Fietp Museum or NaturaL History—Borany, Vor. V. 
Family 15. CLADONIACEAE 


1. CLADONIA Hill. 


1. C. furcata racemosa (Hoffm.) Flk. Clad. Comm. 152 (1828). 
On earth of hillside; Nuttall 427. 


ho 


C. furcata corymbosa Nyl. Syn. Lich. 207. (1860). 


On earth; Hasse. 
This is merely a form of the above. 


3. C. furcata pinnata Flk., Schleich. Cat. Absol. 47 (1821). 


This is a state of C. Finca | in which the podetia are more or 
less clothed with leaflets. 

On trunk of fallen oak, altitude 1,000 feet, Gallagher’s Canyon, 
Nuttall 1132a; Knopf 404. 


4. (C. pyxidata chlorophaea Flk. Clad. Comm. 70 (1828). . 
On earth of hillsides; Hasse; Nuttall 420, 428; Knopf 414 
without locality. 
5. C. fimbriata simplex (Weis.) Flot. Linnaea 18 (1843). 
On ground among mosses; Hasse. 
6. CC. fimbriata fibula (Ach.) Nyl. ex Norll. Med. Soc. pr. F. et F. 
Fenn. 12 (1876). 
On earth; Hasse. 


C. ochrochlora evoluta nov. forma. 


Podetia greatly elongated, attaining to the length of two inches. 
On a fallen trunk, Gallagher’s Canyon; Nuttall 1132. 


8. C. verticillata Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2:122 (1796). 


« Primary thallus of moderate sized leaflets, usually more or 
less incised, olive-green or glaucous; podetia corticated, glabrous, 
elongate-turbinate, scyphiferous and repeatedly proliferous from 
the center of the inferior cups, the margin dentate when sterile; 
apothecia brown or reddish-brown and moderate in size. 

On earth of hillsides; Nuttall 429. 
Not previously reported from southern California. 


NI 


Family 16. ACHAROSPORACEAE 
t. BIATORELLA DeNot. 


1. B. simplex (Dav.) Br. & Rostr. Bot. Tidssk. 3.241 (1863). 


On rocks, altitude 1,000 feet, on ridge between Chicken 
Johnny’s and Rock Falls Canyon; Nuttall 477. 


ho 


ue 


FPLoRA OF SANTA CaTALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 369 


z.. ACAROSPORA Mass. 
A. fuscata (Schrad.) Arn. Lich. Jura io1. 
On rocks; Nuttall 489. 
A. obpallens (Nyl.) Zahl. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 13:161 (1902) 
On earth and crumbling sandstone; Hasse. 
A, Schleicheri (Ach.) Mass. Ricerche, 27, f. 43-46 (1852). 
On earth; Hasse. 


A. xanthophana (Nyl.) Fink. Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 14:170 
(1910). 


On rocks; Trask; Hasse: Eastwood; on rocks on mountain 


tops; Nuttall 478. 


i) 


to 


Family 17. HEPPIACEAE 
1. HEPPIA Naeg. 


H. Guepini (Del.) Nyl. apud Stiz. Lich. Helvet. in Jahresb. 
St. Gallisch. Ges. 336 (1882). 


On rocks, Silver Canon; Nuttall 450. 
H. leptopholis Nyl., Hasse. Lich. So. Calif. 10 (1898). 
On earth; Hasse. 


Family 18. PERTUSARIACEAE 
1. PERTUSARIA Lam. & DC. 


P. flavicunda Tuck. Obs. Lich. 4, in Proc. Am. Acad. 7 (170 
(1877). | 

On rocks; Trask. 

P, Wulfenii DC. Fl. Franc. 2:320 (1805). 

On bark; Trask. 

P. multipuncta (Turn.) Nyl. Not. Sallsk. Fl. Faun. Fenn. 5:179 
(1861). 

Thallus thinnish, granulate or unequally rugose, rimose, 


whitish or grayish-white; apothecia in enlarged verrucae, usually 
numerous in each, from pale to blackish, bluish-pruinrose or at 
length naked, the verrucae more or less white-sorediate; spores 
oblong or ellipsoid-oblong 100-145x30-70 p. 


On Quercus dumosa; Nuttall 444. 
Not previously reported from California. 


370 =©Fretp Museum or Naturar History—Botany, Vor. V. 


Family 19. LECANORACEAE 
1. LECANORA Ach. 


1. L. pallida (Schreb.) Schaer, Enum. Lich. Eur. 78 (1850). 


Apparently a common form on Catalina, on shrubs and trees; 
Hasse (often reported as Lecanora albella) ; on Quercus dumosa, Sam- 
bucus glauca, Adenostoma fasciculata, Lyonothamnus floribundus and 
Rhamnus insulus, Nuttall 445, 445d, 532, 650, 768, 842. 


2. L. cancriformis (Hoffm.) comb. nov. 


Reckoned by Tuckerman in his Synopsis as a variation of L. 
pallida this plant in its best development is clearly distinct. The 
thallus has much the same coloration as that of L. pallida, but the 
apothecia are larger, often very much so, with a thickened thalline 
margin. The disk is pink or pinkish, and somewhat pruinose, and the 
margin is occasionally proliferous toward the center of the disk. 

On Photinia arbutifolia, mountain top; Nuttall 468; Hasse. 


L, atra (Huds.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 344 (1810). 
On rocks; Hasse; McClatchie; Nuttall 475 and 48o. 


’ 
we 
rg 


4.. LL. sordida (Pers.) Th. Fr..Nov:. Act. Soc. Sct cOps-qgane 
(1861). 


On rocks; Eastwood; Nuttall 475a. 


5. L. subfusca (Nyl.) Ach, Lich. Univ. 393 (1810). 
On trunks of trees; Baker; Trask, fide Hasse. 


6. L. rugosa (Pers.) Nyl. note 2, Flora 250 (1872). 


Not reported in Hasse’s Lichen Flora. 
On barks ; Trask, fide Hasse. 


L. symmicta (Ach.) Nyl. Flora 249 (1872). 
On bark; McClatchie; Hasse. 


“ 


8. L. pacifica Tuck. Syn. No. Am. Lichens 1:191 (1882). 
On Sambucus glauca and Photinia arbutifolia; Nuttall 464, 469. 


9g. L. cinerea (L.) Somerf. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. 99 (1826). 
On rocks, mountain top; Eastwood, fide Hasse; Nuttall 484. 


10. L. laevata (Ach.) Nyl. Flora 364 (1872). 
On rocks; Hasse. 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL. 371 


tr. L. (Placodium) saxicola (Poll.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 431 (1810). 


On rocks; Hasse (as Lecanora muralis) ; mountain top, Nuttall 
482. 


Lecanora catalinae Stiz. and L. subcarnea Ach. are listed from 
Catalina Island in one of the earlier publications of Dr. Hasse, but 
do not appear in the Flora. 


2. OCHROLECHIA Mass. 


1. QO. pallescens (L.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 140 (1855). 
On bark; Trask, fide Hasse. 


3. LECANIA Mass. 


1. L. brunonis (Tuck.) Herre, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:188 
(1910). 
On rocks; Hasse. 


2. L. dimera (Nyl.) Oliv. Lich. ?POuest et Nord-Ouest Franc. 
1:309 (1897). 
On barks; Trask, fide Hasse. 


3 LL. fructigena Zahi. Hasse in Bryologist 17:61 (1914). 


Thallus crustaceous, of dark gray to blackish, small, more or 
less dispersed warts, or of flat-concave or rugose squamules with 
coarsely crenate or lobulate borders, somewhat shining; apothecia 
sessile or slightly elevated, disk flat or slightly convex, brownish- 
black or black, the proper margin concolorous and at length disap- 
pearing. Spores 8, oblong, bilocular, 12-17x5.5-6 wu. 

On rocks; Hasse. 


4. PLACOLECANIA (Stein.) Zahl. 


1. P. candicans (Fr.) Zahl. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenim. 
1.1* 205 (1907). 
On calcareous rocks ; Hasse. 


5. PHLYCTIS Wallr. 


1. P. argena mucronata nov. forma. 


Distinguished from the species by its mucronate spores. 
Apiculate spores are characteristic of P. agelaea but denied to the 
present species. 

On bark; Hasse (as Phlyctis argena). 


372. +‘Fretp Museum or NaturaL History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


Family 20. PARMELIACEAE 
1. PARMELIA Ach. 


1. P. vittata (Ach.) Nyl. Flora 106 (1875). 


On Manzanita; E. A. McGregor in herb. Merrill. 
Previously unreported from the Island. 


2. P. enteromorpha (Ach.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. r:g0o1 (1860). 


On Rhamnus insulus; Nolava Canyon; Nuttall 514; and on 
Ceanothus, 453; Trask, fide Hasse. 


3. P.conspersa (Ehr.) Ach. Method. Lich. 105 (1803). 
On rocks, mosses and earth; Nuttall 481, 434. 


4. P. perlata (L.) Ach. Method Lich. 216 (1803). 


On trees; Knopf 406 Banning’s Canyon; on earth Trask, fide 
Hasse. 


5. P. olivaria (Ach.) Hue Lich. Ex. Europ, suite 1:195 (1901). 
On trunks; Trask fide Hasse (as Parmelia olivetorum). 


6. BP. perforata hypotropa (Nyl.) Tuck. Syn. No. Am. Lich. 1:53 

(1882). 

Previously unreported from California, but Dr. Herre records 
P. perforata from the vicinity of San Francisco. 

The var. hypotropa differs from the species only in that the 
inferior surface of the lobes are wholly or partially dealbate 
marginally. 

On Quercus dunrosa; Nuttall 431. 


7. P. laevigata (Sm.) Ach. Syn. Lich. 212 (1814). 


On Quercus dumosa; Trask, fide Hasse. 

There is some doubt regarding the occurrence of this species 
on Catalina Island, as it is not recorded in the Lichen Flora of 
Hasse. 


8. P. caperata (L.) Ach. Method. Lich. 216 (1803). 


On oak. Lyonothamnus grove below the base of Black Jack and 
im Bulrush Canyon, Knopf 302, 406. 
Described by Dr. Hasse in the Lichen Flora as P. cylisphora. 


2. CETRARIA Ach. 


i. . californica Tuck. Am. Jour. Sci. 28:203 (1859). 


On Rhamnus; Nolava Canyon, Nuttall 513, and on Ceanothus 
megacarpus, 454. 


Fora OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 373 


Family 21. USNEACEAE 
1. RAMALINA Ach. 


1. RR, ceruchis (Ach.) DeNot. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 1:45 (1859). 


On Quercus dumosa; Mountain top; Nuttall 439; on large 
boulders of a high ridge between Bulrush Canyon and the Pacific, 
Knopf 316, 333; Trask (fide Hasse, as Roccella ceruchis). 


2. RR, ceruchis combeoides (Nyl.) Tuck. Syn. No. Am. Lich. 1:21 
(1882). 
On Neostyphonia ovata, sea cliffs at mouth of Silver Canyon; 
Nuttall 441; Trask (fide Hasse, as Roccella combeotdes).. 


3. R. homalea Ach. Lich. Univ. 598 (1810). 


On sea cliffs, and stones in bed of creek; Silver Canyon, Nuttall 
447; Jewfish Point ; Knopf 333a; on rocks exposed to the spray of sea 
water, Hasse; McClatchie (fide Hasse). 


4. RR. Menziesii Tuck. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. 1:204 (1847). 
On shrubs ; Hasse. 


5. R. reticulata (Noehd.) Kremp. Geschicht u. Litt d. Lich. 1:86 
(1867). 
On Quercus; highlands beyond summit; Nuttall 465; plants 
3 feet long depending from scrub oak on the summit of “Nigger 
Head” at Catalina Harbor, Knopf 171; the longest specimens were 
found on live oak on the divide at the head of Banning’s Canyon, 


Knopf 74. 


6. R. farinacea (L) Ach. Lich. Univ. 606 (1810). 


On various trees and shrubs; Nuttall 438, 865, 860, 440; Trask, 
fide Hasse. 


7. R. farinacea latus Merl. Bryologist, 11:48 (1908). 


On telephone poles; E. A. McGregor in herb. Merrill, 
Distinguished from the species by its wider lobes. 


8. R, pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 608 (1810). 


On Cercocarpus betulifolius; Gallagher’s Canyon, Nuttall 800. 
This species is rarely found in North America. 


g. R. intermedia Del. ex Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. ser. 2, 4:166 
(1870). 
On shrubs ; Hasse. 
This species is listed in one of the occasional papers of Dr. Hasse, 
but is not mentioned in the Lichen Flora. 


374 


FieLpD Museum oF NaTtuRAL History—Botany, Vor. V. 


# 


Dr. Hasse also reports Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach., but the 


plant is very rare in North America and, without doubt, the infertile 
specimen he describes belongs to some other species. 


Ut 
: 


2, USNEA (Dill.) Pers. 


U. hirta (L.) Hoffm. Deutsch. FI. 2:133 (1795). 
On trees; Hasse. 


U. ceratina Ach. Lich. Univ. 610 (1810). 
On trees; Hasse. 


U. dasypoga (Ach.) Nyl. ex Stiz. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 202 (1876). 
On trees; Trask, fide Hasse. 


U. dasypoga scabrata Nyl. Flora 209 (1885). 
On shrubs; Trask, fide Hasse. 


U. rubiginea (Michx.) Herre. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12.223 © 
(1910). 

On trees; Trask, fide Hasse. 

No examples of the Genus Usnea were found in the material 


collected by Nuttall or Kopf, a fact worthy of note when it is 
considered that the plants are all conspicuous. 


3. EVERNIA Ach. 
E. prunastri (L.) Ach. Lich. Univ. 442 (1810). 
On trees; Trask, fide Hasse. 
Family 22, CALOPLACACEAE 
1. BLASTENIA Mass. 


B. ferruginea (Huds.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 184 (1855). 
On Quercus, Photinia, and Laurocerasus; Nuttall 443, 451, 470, 


518; also reported by Hasse on bark and rocks. 


5 


a. 


De 


B. ferruginea Wrightii (Tuck.) Hasse Contrib. U. S. Natl. 
Herb.)17:111 (1913): 
On bark; Hasse. 


2. CALOPLACA Th. Fr. 


C. aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr. Lich. Arctoi, Fur. 219 (1860). 
On various barks: Hasse. 


FLora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 375 


2. C. cerina (Ehrh.) Th. Fr. Lich. Arctoi, 218 (1860). 
On Sambucus glatica; Nuttall 461; Hasse (as Caloplaca gilva). 
3. (©. bolacina (Tuck.) Herre Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:233 


(1910). 
On rocks and earth; Mountain top, Nuttall 488. 


4. C, coralloides (Tuck.) Zahl. Ann. K. K. Nat. Hofmus. 22:116 
(1807). 

On sandstone; Trask, fide Hasse. 

C, elegans (Link) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. r:168 (1871). 

On rocks; Hasse (as Placodium elegans) ; McClatchie. 


tri 


6. C. murorum (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. 1:170 (1871) 
On rocks; Trask, fide Hasse; Hasse. 

7. C. murorum miniatum (Hofim.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. 1:170 
(1871). 


Differs from the species only in the intensity of its coloration. 
On rocks; common, Nuttall 486, 487. 


Family 23. THELOSCHISTACEAE 


1. XANTHORIA Th. Fr. 


1. XX. lychnea (Ach.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. 1:146 (1871). 


On Salix lasiolepis; Nuttall 617; and on Photinia; Stage Road 
near Summit; Knopf 307. 


2. X. polycarpa (Ehrh.) Oliv. 
On Quercus dumosa; Nuttall 442, and on Laurocerasus, 452. 


Xanthoria parietina is also listed by Dr. Hasse in one of his 
earlier papers, but does not appear in the Lichen Flora. 


2. THELOSCHISTES Norm. 


1. T.chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. Gen. Heterol. Eur. 51 (1861). 
On Salix lasiolepis; Nolava Canyon, Nuttall 617. Also reported 

by Hasse. 

2. TT. flavicans (Sw.) Norm. Gen. Lich. 17 (1852). 


On Quercus; Mountain top, Nuttall 448; and Middle Ranch 
Canon Summit, Knopf 300. 


376 Fietp MuseuM or Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V. 
Family 24. BUELLIACEAE 
t. BUELLIA DeNot. 


1. B. alboatra (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. Lich. Scand. 2:607 (1874). 
On rocks; Hasse. j 


2. B. alboatra ambigua (Ach.) Lich. Scand. 2:608 (1874). 
On rocks; Hasse; McClatchie. 


B. lepidastra Tuck. Gen. Lich. 186 (1872). 
On rocks ; Mountain top, Nuttall 490; Trask, fide Hasse. 


Ce 


4. 8B. badia (Fr.) Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ, 226 (1855). 
On rocks; Hasse; McClatchie. 


5. B. stellulata (Tayl.) Mudd. Man. Brit. Lich. 216 (1861). 
On rocks; Hasse; McClatchie. 


6. B. disciformis (Fr.) Mudd. Man. Brit. Lich. 216 (1861). 
On bark; Hasse (B. Parasema of the Lichen Flora). 


B. disciformis triphragmia (Nyl.) Boist. Nouv. Fl. Lich. France. 
2:234 (1902). 
On bark; Hasse (B. triphragmia of the Lichen Flora). 


8. B.halonia (Ach.) Tuck. Lich. Calif. 26 (1866). 
On Cercocarpus and on rocks; Hasse. 


9. B.spuria (Schaer.) Koerb. Parerga Lich. 183 (1865). 
On rocks; Hasse. 


Buellia atroalbella Nyl. and B. Traskae Hasse are listed from 
Catalina Island in early publications of Dr. Hasse, but omitted from 
the Lichen Flora. The reason is not obvious. 


2. RINODINA (Mass.) Stiz. 


1. R. radiata Tuck. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. New ser. 
4:173 (1877). : 
On rocks ; Mountain top; Nwitall 479; Trask, fide Hasse. 


tbo 


R. radiata lactea Hasse, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17:124 
(1913). 


On calcareous and argillaceous rocks; Hasse. 


Fiora oF SANTA CaTatina [sLaAND—MixispaucH & NuTTALL 377 


3. R. angelica Stiz. Hasse, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 24:447 (1807). 
On rocks; Hasse; McClatchie. 

4. R. turfacea (Wahl.) Th. Fr. Lich. Arctoi 126 (1860). 
On decaying roots; Hasse. 


R. Conradi Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 198 (1855) 
On earth; Hasse; McClaichie. 


6. R.sophodes (Ach.) Th. Fr. Lich. Arctoi 125 (1860). 


On Lyonothamnus floribundus; Nuttall 649; on caudex of 
Cotyledon Hasse. 


ot 


Family 25. PHYSCIACEAE 
1. PHYSCIA (Schreb.) Wain. 


i. P, stellaris (L.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. 1:424 (1860). 
On bark; Trask, fide Hasse. 


P. aipolia (Ach.) Nyl. Flora 53:38 (1870). 
On rocks; Trask, fide Hasse. 


3. P. tenella (Scop.) Nyl. Flora 57:306 (1874). 


On Quercus dumosa and Adenostoma., fasciculata; Nuttall 432, 
433, 769, the latter number belonging with that form of the species 
called by different authors, P. ascendens or P. tenella ascendens. In 
this condition of the plant the laciniae are not appressed, but more or 
less erect and discrete. 


4. P.crispa (Pers.) Nyl. Syn. Lich. 425 (1860). 
On mosses, Silver Canon; Nuttall 435. 


5. P. caesia (Hoffm.) Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. 21:308 (1856). 


Thallus stellate, cinerous, more or less closely adherent to the 
substratum, bearing conspicuous rounded gray soredia, the laciniae 
more or less pinnately cleft, beneath pale or nigrescent, with black 
or blackening rhizoids; apothecia smallish, the soon naked and 
black disk bordered by a thin, inflexed, sub- entire thalline margin ; 
spores 16-23x8-14 p. 

On rocks; Hasse, in Bryologist, 18 194 (1915). 


to 


2. ANAPTYCHIA Koerb. 


1. A. leucomelaena (L.) Wain. Etud. Lich. Bresil. r:128 (1890). 
On twigs; Trask, fide Hasse (as Physcia leucomela). 


HOST INDEX TO FUNGI 


ADENOSTOMA FASCICULATUM H. & A. 


Eutypella domicalis 

Exidia recisa (on bark) 
Hypoxylon insigne 
Hysterographium prominens 
Schizoxylon insigne 

Stereum heterosporum (on bark) 
Stereum hirsutum (on bark) 


AGARICUS SP. 
Sepedonium chrysospermum (on dead) 


ARTEMISIA CALIFORNICA Less. 
Didymosphaeria catalinae (on dead stems) 


ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Nutt. 
Phomopsis oblite (on.dead stems) 


ATRIPLEX SEMIBACCATA R. Br. 
Coniothyrium olivaceum (on old stems) 


AVENA BARBATA Brot. 


Puccinia clematidis (on culms; leaves) 
Sphaerographium avenaceum (on dead leaves) 


Bromus GussonI Parl. 
Ustilago Lorentziana 


CEANOTHUS ARBOREUS Greene 
Cercospora Ceanothi (fallen leaves) 


CERCOCARPUS SP. 
Faomes Abramsianus (trunk) 


CERCOCARPUS BETULOIDES Nutt. 


Glonium parvulum 
Hypoxylon rubiginosunr 
Hysterographium Mori (bark; wood) 


CHLOROGALLUM POMERIDIANUM Kth. 


Mycosphaerella Chlorogalli (dead stems) 
Pleospora Chlorogalli (dead stems) 


378 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND-—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 379 


CIRSIUM OCCIDENTALE Jeps. 
Pleospora herbaruxm (dead stems) 


CLEMATIS LIGUSTICIFOLIA Nutt. 
Cercospora squalidule (leaves) 


CoMAROSTAPHYLOS DIVERSIFOLIA Greene 
Phaexangium sphaeroides 


CRESSA TRUXILLENSIS H. B. K. 
Puccinia Cressoe (leaves) 


CROSSOSOMA CALIFORNICA Nutt. 


Eutypo late (dead wood and bark) 
Peniopkora velutina (stems) 
Stereum heterosporun (bark) 


DIPLACUS LINEARIS Greene 
Amphispnaeria dothideaspora (dead stems) 


DISTICHLIS MARITIMA Raf. 
Phyllachora Niuttalliane (leaves) 


ENCELIA CALIFORNICA Nutt. 
Cyphelia villosa (dead twigs) 
Merulius confluens (dead twigs) 
Stereum heterosporum (dead twigs) 


ERIoconuM NuUDUM Dougl. 
Uromyces intricatus (leaves) 


ERIOPHYLLUM Nevinul Gray 
Puccinia Eriophylli 


EvucALyPtus (CULT.) 


Coniothyrium leprosum (fruits) 
Corticium calliculosum (wood) 
Dacryomyces deliquescens (log) 
Metasphaeria anisometra (twigs) 
Physalospora eucalyptina (leaves) 
Pleurotus ostreatus (dead leaves) 
Polystictus hirsutus (log) 
Reticularia Lycoperdon (log) 
Stereum heterosporum (dead wood) 
Valsa Eucalypti (dead bark) 


EUTYPELLA STELLULATA Sacc. 
Nectria episphaeria 


380 = Fietp Museum or Natiirar History—Borany, Vor. VY; 


FoENICULUM VULGARE Gaertn. 


Cladosporium herbarum (stems) 
Pleospora herbarum 


GALIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Nutt. 


Metasphaeria anisometra (stems) 
Sphaeropsis nebelina (stems) 


GNAPHALIUM SP. 
Leptosphaeria Galiorum gnaphaliana (dead stems) 


HAZARDIA SQUARROSA Greene 
Pxcecinia Grindeliae (leaves) 


HETEROMELES ARBUTIFOLIA see Photinia 
HOLODISCUS ARIAEFOLIUS see Sericotheca 


ISOMERIS ARBOREA Nutt. 


Cladosporium herbarum (capsules) 
Clasterosporium carpophilum (capsules) 


Juncus BALTICUS Willd. 
Uromyces Junci. 


LAUROCERASUS Lyonl Britton 


Cladosporium herbarum 

Discosia poiklomera (dead leaves) 

Eurotium sp. 

Phyllosticta Laurocerasi (dead leaves; shoots) 
Pleurotus salignus (living trunk) 

Propolis faginea 

Schizoxylon insigne 

Stereum heterosporum (bark) 


LONICERA CATALINENSIS Millsp. 
Hypoxylon botrys 
Mycosphaerella Clymenia (leaves) 
Teichosporella lonicerina (dead stems) 


Lupinus Hatin Abrams 


Cladosporium herbarum forma 
Pleospora infectoria (twigs) 


LYONOTHAMNUS FLORIBUNDUS Gray 
Agyrium rufum (dead limbs) 
Hymenochaete tabacina (wood) 
Hysterographium Mori (wood) 
Hysterographium prominens (weod) 


ae 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 381 


Poria incrustans (bark) 
Sabacina podlachia (wood) 
Stereum gansapatum (bark) 
Stereum hirsutum (wood) 
Strikeria Catalinae (wood) 


MALACOTHRIX SAXATILIS T. & G. 
Dichaeoma Nemoseridis (stems) 


MALOSMA LAURINA Nutt. 


Hysterographium prominens (dead twigs) 
Metasphaeria anisometra (twigs) 
Phaenangium sphaeroides (bleached wood) 
Portia vapararia (on dead) 

Xylogramma nigerrima 


MALVA PARVIFLORA Linn. 
Puccinia malvacearum 


MALVASTRUM FASCICULATUM Greene 


Metasphaeria anisometra (twigs) 
Puccinia Sherardiana (leaves) 


MARRUBIUM VULGARE Linn. 
Coniothyrium Marrubii (twigs) 


MeEDICAGO SATIVA Linn. 
Uromyces medicaginis (leaves) 


MEGARRHIZA FABACEA see Micrampelis 


MELILOTUS SP. 
Pleospora Meliloti (dead stems) 


MICRAMPELIS MACROCARPA Greene 


Phoma megarrhizae 
Septoria megarrhizae (leaves) 


MIMULUS CARDINALIS Doug]. 
Microdiplodia Mimuli (leaves) 


NEMOSERIS CALIFORNICA see Rafinesquea 


NEOSTYPHONIA INTEGRIFOLIA Shaf. 
Phyllosticta rhoiseda (fallen leaves) 


NiIcoTIANA GLAUCA Grah. 
Botryosphaeria sp. (bark) 
Glonium vestigiale (twigs) 
Metasphaeria anisometra (twigs) 


382 «= F1exp Museum or Natura. Hitstory—Bortany, Vor. V. 


Peronospora Hyoscyami (leaves) 
Phomopsis Nicotianae (bark) 

Physalospora erratica (branches) 
Stereum ochraceo-flavum (bark) 


PENTSTEMON CORDIFOLIUS Bth. 
Acerbia bacillata (dead stems) 


Puotinia (Heteromeles) ArBUTIFOLIA Lindl. 


Capnodium Heteromeles (leaves) 
Corticium arachnoideum (dead leaves and twigs) 
Dasycypha cerina (wood) 

Diplodia heteromelina (dead twigs) 
Discosia poiklomera (dead leaves) 
Embolus ochreatus (wood) 

Eutypella ceranata (dead wood) 
Gloniopsis insignis (dead wood) 
Gloninm parvulum (dead wood) 
Grandinia sp. (bark) 

Helotella microspora (rotting bark) 
Hypoxylon annulatum (dead log) 
Hypoxylon rubiginosum 
Hysterographium Bakeri- (dead log) 
Hysterographium prominens (dead tree) 
Odontia viridis (fallen trunk) 
Peniophora Allesheri (wood) 
Phyllosticta heteromeles (dead leaves) 
Physalospora heteromelina (leaves) 
Pleurotus septicus (loose bark) 

Poria rhodella (decorticated trunk) 
Resupinatus applicatus (loose bark) 
Septoria rhabdocarpa (dead leaves) 
Stereum hirsustum . (dead wood) 
Sticta radiata (dead bark) 

Tremella mesenterica (dead branches) 


PInuS (CULT.) 
Microdiplodia conigena (cones) 


PLUCHEA CAMPHORATA DC. 
Didymosphaeria brunneola (stems) 


PoLyGONUM AVICULARE Linn, 
Uromyces Polygoni 


PoruLus TRICHOCARPA T. & G. 


Cytospora chrysosperma (dead twigs) 
Extypella Populs 
Phyllosticta maculans (dead leaves) 


FLORA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—-MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 383 
PTILORIA VIRGATA see Stephanomeria 


QUERCUS SPS. 


Anthostoma dryophilum (bark) 
Armullaria putrida 

Exidia glandulosa (bark) 
Hypholoma fasciculare (dead limbs) 
Merulius confluens 

Merulius pilosus 

Nummularia Clypeus 

Physarum nutans (bark) 
Polystictus hirsutus 

Polystictus versicolor 

Solenia cinerea (bark) 
Stereum hirsutum (bark) 


; 


QuERCUS DUMOSA Nutt. 
Arcyria nutans (dead) 
Cronartium Cerebrum (old teaves) 
Stereum hirsutum 


Overcus Macponavpii Greene 
Dothiorella Gallae (on galls) 


QUERCUS TOMENTELLA Engelm. 
Clavaria flaccida (fallen limb) 
Comatricha nigra ? 
Hydnum ochraceum (fallen trunk; bark) 
Merulius pilosus 
Nematelia nucleate (dead) 
Rosellinia aquila (wood) 
Stemonitis pallida 
Tremella lutescens 


RAFINESQUEA CALIFORNICA Nutt. 


Mycosphaerella Nemoseridis (branchlets) 
Pleospora herbarum (dead) 


RAMONA POLYSTACHYA Greene 
Septoria rhabdocarpa (dead leaves) 


RAMONA STACHYOIDES Briq. 


Camarosporium eriocryptunt (dead stems) 
Didymella Ramonae (twigs) 
Microdiplodia Ramonae (twigs) 
Myrangium catalinae (stems) 

Pleospora Labtatorum (twigs) 


384  Fietp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, Vou, V. 


RHAMNUS INSULARIS Greene 


Hymenochaete rubiginosa 
Hypoxylon atropurpureum (dead log) 
_ Hypoxylon rubiginosum 
Phaenangium sphaeroides (bleached wood) 


RUS DIVERSILOBUM see Toxicodendron 
RHUS INTEGRIFOLIA see Neostyphonia 
RHUS LAURINA see Malosma 


Rosa CALIFoRNICA C. & S. 
Puccinia Rosae-californicae 


Rusus vitirotius C. & S. 


Kuehneola uredinis (leaves) 
Septoria Rubi (leaves) 


SALIX SP. 
Poria vaporaria (on dead) 


SALIX LASIOLEPIS Bth. 
Craterium leucocephalum Bth. 
Cytospera fugax (dead twigs) 
Fomes igniarius 
Guepinia Peziza (dead wood) 
Polystictus versicolor 
Septoria rhabdocarpa (dead leaves) 
Trichia fallax (dead leaves and twigs) 


SamBuUCUS GLAUCA Nutt. 
Armillaria putrida 
Corticium serum 
Eutypella stellulata (bark; limbs) 
Fomes igniarius 
Hydnum ohioense (bark) 
Hymenochaete rubiginosa (dead limbs) 
Hypomyces rosellus (bark; wood) 
Lecanidion atratum 
Lophiosphaeria querceti (dead branches) 
Nematelia nucleata (bark) 
Odontia sp. (bark) 
Orbilia chrysocoma (rotten wood) 
Peroneutypa heteracantha (limbs) 
Poria rhodella (decorticated) 
Rosellinia aquila (wood) 
Sebacina calcea (bark) 
Trichoderma lignorum (dead leaves) 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MiLtspaucH & NUTTALL 385 


SERICOTHECA (Spiraea) FRANSISCANA Rydb. 


Metasphaeria anisometra (dead twigs) 
Schizoxylon insigne 
Valsa holodiscina (dead twigs) 


SoLANUM WALLACE! Parish 


Metasphaeria anisometra (dead stems) 
Phlyctaena arcuata (dead stems) 
Phoma eupyrena (dead stems) 


STEPHANOMERIA VIRGATA Bth. 
Pleospora herbarum (dead stems) 


SYRMATIUM ORNITHOPUM Greene 
Uromyces Loti (leaves; bracts) 


TITHYMALUS LEPTOCERUS Millsp. 
Melampsora monticola (leaves; pedicels) 


TOXICODENDRON DIVERSILOBUM Greene 
Pileolaria Toxicodendri 


TYPHA LATIFOLIA Linn. 


Cladosporium herbarum 
) Phoma typhicola 
Pleospora infectoria 


URTICA HOLOSERICEA Nutt. 


Didymella superflua (stems) 
Phoma nebulosa (stems) 


VERBENA PROSTRATA R. Br. 


Pleospora herbarum (stems) 
Septorta Verbenae (leaves) 


SUPPLEMENT 


Since the foregoing pages were in type the following notes and specimens 
from Catalina have been incorporated in the herbarium of this Museum. 


Page 73 
Anemopsis californica H. & A. 

Knopf corroborates Brandegee’s listing of this species by re-collecting it 
near one of the springs at Empire Quarry where: “it grows up to 2 feet high 
in matted beds, in sandy silt soil.” His specimens (No. 570, Aug. 27, 1922 
are in fine flowering and fruiting condition. 


Page 77 
Quercus dumosa f. insularis Trelease. 
Fine specimens from between Middle Ranch and Eagle’s Nest, Knopf 
508. This tree was in full bloom Sept. 10, 1922; it also bore immature and 
full ripe acorns. 


Page 91 
Atriplex Breweri Wats. 


Eastern end of Johnson’s Beach, Knopf 578. “On a sandy tide flat. A 
bushy growth about two feet high.” 


Page 105 
Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. 
Specimens in fine floral condition from Middle Ranch Canyon, Aug. 15, 
1922, Knopf 505. “Some of the flowers light lavender. Climbing over btsh- 
es and trees with runners 15 to 20 feet long.” 


Page 112 Resedaceae. 
DIPETALIA Rat. 


Sepals 4. Petals 2, small, membranaceous, linear-oblong, entire or emargi- 
nate, posterior or next the axis. (Disk scarcely any.) Stamens 3, alternate 
with the petals. Capsule depressed-globose, somewhat 8-lobed below, opening 
by a quadrangular cleft at the summit: stigmas 4. Seeds 20 or more, very 
smooth and Shining. A small glabrous annual, with crowded slightly succulent 
and narrowly linear leaves. Flowers in short and slender spikes. 


1. D. subulata (W. & B.) Ktze. Rev. Gen. et Sp. 1:39 (1891) 


Reseda subulaia Del. Fl. Aegypt. 15 (1813) 

Resedella subulata Web. & Bert. Phyt. Canar. 1:107 (1840) 
Oligomeris subulata Boiss. Fl. Or. 1:435 (1867), 
Oligomeris glaucescens Comb., Jacqt. Voy. Bot. 24 (1841) 
Ellimia ruderalis Nutt., T. & G. Fl. 1:125 (1838) 


Root slender, simple. Stem branched from the base, 5-6 inches high. Leaves 
resembling those of Linaria vulgaris, but smaller. Flowers subtended by a 


386 


Fiora OF SANTA CaTatina Istranp—Miispauce & Nutrarr 387: 


bract similar to the sepals, very small. Sepals all inclined anteriorly. Petals 
white, one of them usually emarginate. Ovary rather deeply 4-lobed below; 
each lobe (or carpel) more or less 2-lobed. Seeds at first bright green, at 
length black, narrowly reniform. 

Hard loam and adobe soils. April to May. Hillsides and flats on the 
Pacific slope of the Salta Verde, Knopf 340, 418. 


Page 134 
Photinia arbutifolia Lindl. 


Specimens in fine flower, July 16-20, from Descanso Canyon and Pebble 
Beach, Knopf 497, 500. 


Page 140 
Cytissus canariensis (L.) Greene. 

As suggested on p. 140, this is evidently an establishment of the species, 
as this specimen was taken from a slope of Big Wash Canyon beyond the lim- 
its of the Golf Course, a situation far removed from the possibility of its 
having been planted. Knopf 486, Aug. 1, 1922. 

Specimens in profuse fruit and apparently vital seed. The pods are 2 cm. 
long, oval-cylindric, reddish-brown, appearing constricted through the swollen 
seed cells, long, silky-woolly on the surface and apiculate; seeds dark red- 
' brown, polished, lenticulo-oval, somewhat truncated at the base and with a 
pure-white, waxy caruncle at the hilum. 


Page 165 
Toxicodendron diversilobum Greene. 

Knopf sends in specimens of this species, 485, on which the leaves are 
all compounded of 5 distinct leaflets. Mr. Pollay claims (im litt.) to be the 
first to return this form from Catalina, specimens of which he sent to Brand- 
egee. 


Page 166 
Neostyphonia integrifolia (Nutt.) Shaf. 

Mr. Knopf sends a quartette of interesting specimens, of this species, 
showing variations in form: his 488 with thin irregularly crenate-dentate leaves; 
490 in large berried, ripe fruit and with very thick, entire leaves; 487 with 
iliciform, sharp, spinous teeth to all leaves; and 489 in which most of the 
leaves are tri-foliolate, those that are entire being somewhat spinose toothed. 


Page 167 
Malosma laurina Nutt. 


In fine flowering condition. Descanso Canyon, July 16, 1922, Knopf 502. 
“Usually single trunked, irregular in growth but not exactly crooked. Some- 
times in clumps or from two to six main stems. Seldom over ten feet high.” 


388  Fierp Museum or Narurart Hisrory—Borany, Vor. V. 


Page 168 
Rhamnus insulus Greene. 

Pebble Beach Canyon, in full fruit, Sept. 17, 1922, Knopf 514. Mr. Knopf 
says: “The fruit was a favorite masticatory among the Indians. It tinged the 
saliva yellow and caused the skin to become, at death, decidedly so. It was 
used, like Cascara, as a laxative and to correct a too prolonged acorn diet.” 


Page 189 
Svida catalinensis Millsp. 


Specimens in fruit have come in from Knopf (483) July 9, 1922. The 
fruits are leaden color, hairy, pyriform-ovate, 3x2.5 mm., but not fully ma- 
tured. It appears that mature fruits are seldom found as they are removed 
by birds even before fully ripe. Mr. Pollay first returned this species from 
Catalina, sending specimens to McClatchie in 1890. Holder, in his “Channel 
Islands of California” 238 (1910) refers to the species as Cornus Polleyi with- 
out description. Mr. Roeding, of Fresno, California, mentions the tree under 
the name Cornus glabrata in “The Catalina Islander” Nov. 1, 1922. 


Page 196 Gentianaceae 
Eustoma silenifolium Salisb. 


Mr. James M. Grant lists this species.in “The Catalina Islander,” Dec. 9, 
i919. No specimen from Catalina has been seen by us in his herbarium nor 
has it appeared in the collection of others. 


Page 218 
Lycium Richii Gray 

A root cutting (from the original clump of this species that was destroy- 
ed about 25 years ago) was planted in Avalon, near a house known as the 
“Tsabel.” “The resulting growth is about 12 feet high. On account of lack 
of proper soil and moisture it is not in good condition.” Knopf 509 in full 
fruit. The original clump was known as the “Banyan”, on account of its 
fimbs drooping to the ground, though they never rooted. 


Page 229 
Heliotropium chenopodioides Willd. ? 


The type has not been seen. H. curassavicum L., typically of the Atlantic 
seaboard and the West Indies, has the nutlets strongly marked by a round 
scar. Willdenow’s name, given to a plant of the Pacific coast, is probably 
applicable to the Catalina species, although this cannot be determined defi- 
nitely from the meager description. The situation is complicated further by 
the possible existence of more than one species on the mainland, a problem 
to be solved by a monographer—Macbride. 


Page 229 
Mentha piperita L. 


Knopf §5rr. Further specimens, in full flower, from his original locality, 
wet, compact silt and loam around a spring at Empire Quarry, Oct. 31, 1922. 


* 


FLORA OF SANTA CaTALINA IsLanp—MituspaucH & NuTTaLi 389 


Page 252 
Lonicera catalinensis Millsp. 


Mr. Knopf send in a full fruited specimen from upper Bulrush Canyon, 
No. 519 on which he notes: “Yellow-fruited honeysuckle, three vines only; 
my 172 bears scarlet blossoms and bright red fruits.” There are no characters 
differentiating these forms. While the flowers and berries differ in color the 
seeds and other characters are the same. 


Page 266 
Solidago californica Nutt. 

Mr. Knopf has evidently found Mrs. Trask’s original locality for this 
species. He sends in as No. 496, a number of fine specimens gathered Sept. 
24, 1922, of which he says: “Up to 5 feet high, near the first stream crossing 
on the Coach Road as it descends Middle Ranch Canyon.” 

Page 266 Compositae 


GRINDELIA Willd. 


Coarse herbs or suffrutescent plants, the California species all perennials. 
Basal leaves commonly petioled; the cauline sessile by a broad base. Herbage 
in ours glabrous or nearly so but balsamic-viscid. Heads gummy, medium- 
sized or large, in panicles or cymes, rarely solitary or sessile, ours with con- 
spicuous yellow rays. Involucre campanulate or hemispheric; the bracts many- 
ranked, firm-herbaceous, often with attenuate squarrose points. Style-ap- 
pendages lanceolate or linear. Achenes short, truncate, compressed or turgid, 
glabrous. Pappus of 2 to 8 awns or small scales, very readily deciduous. 


1. G. robusta Nutt. Tr. Am. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7.:314 (1841). 


Stems mostly erect, 3-6 dm. high: leaves usually oblong to ovate or lance- 
olate and acute, in a few cases wider above and obtuse, sharply serrate or 
denticulate or the uppermost entire; the middle cauline 3-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. 
wide; heads few, in a terminal cyme, sessile and leafy-bracted, or pedunculate 
and the bracts less obvious: involucre 20-25 mm. broad: bracts with attenu- 
ate squarrose or recurved tips: mature achenes mostly with a 1 or 2-dentate, 
often oblique border at summit: pappus-awns 2 to 8. 

While G. robusta is usually found in the neighborhood of the sea, the 
Catalina station is as far inland as possible on the island, i. e., at the upper 
end of Middle Ranch Canon. Knopf 493, Aug. 13, 1922. 

This is the first return of a Grindelia from the island. 


Page 271 
Baccharis pilularis DC. 

Full and characteristic specimens of this species were collected at Little 
Harbor Knopf 197. Mr. Knopf says: “Found thickly from Empire Landing 
up and over the divide and down to Little Harbor. Also a few plants in 
Middle Ranch and Avalon Canyons. It forms a bush growth six feet high and 
is very showy when in bloom. 


390 ~«=Fietp Museum or Naturav Hrstory—Bortany, Vor. V. 


Page 272. 
Conyza Coulteri Gray 
Additional specimens of this species were collected at Empire Quarry, 
Aug. 27, 1922, by Knopf, 512. 


Page 277 
Coinogyne carnosa Less. 
Low matted growth forming solid mats many feet in diameter on the 
tide flats of Catalina Harbor, Knopf Sor. 


Page 297 
Perezia microcephala (DC.) Gray. 
Fine fruiting specimens together with three beautiful photographs of a 
large clump of this species from Middle Ranch Canyon, Sept. 10, 1922, Knopf 
495. 


Page 29 
Johnson, Frank W. 

Collected on Catalina, December, 1904, September, 1905, and March- 
April, 1910. The first two collections were made in the vicinity of Avalon, 
Pebble Beach, along the Coach Road to Summit and in the vicinity of 
Moonstone Beach. The collection of 1910 was made at Middle Ranch and 
along Middle Ranch Canyon. The two collections comprise about 400 
plants now in the private herbarium of the collector. 


Abronia 94 
maritima 95 
Acacia sps. 154 
Acerbia 346 
bacillata 346 
Acharospora 360 
fuscata 369 
obpallens 369 
Schleicheri 369 
xanthophana 369 
Acharosporacee 368 
Achillea 273 
lanulosa 273 
nullefolium 274 
Achyrachzena 280 
mollis 289 
Achyrodes 50 
aureum 51 
Acourtia microcephala 207 
Acrolasia 176 
catalinensis 177 
gracilenta 177 
micrantha 176 
Adenostoma 130 
fasciculatum 131, 37 
Adiantum 298 
Capillus-Veneris 298 
emarginatum 299 
Jordani 
Aecidiacez 334 
Aegilops incurvata 59 
Aegochloa atractyloides 215 
Agaricacee 319 
Agaricus 322 
aeruqinosus 321 
applicatus 320 
campestris 322 
cervinus 319 
conspurcatus 323 
ostreaius 319 
putridus 323 
scrobiculatus 320 
semiorbicularis 321 
silvicola 322 
Agropyron repens 61 
Agrostis 48 
canina 49 
diegoensis 49 
exarata 49 
foliosa 49 
Iutosa 47 
stolonifera 48 
ventricosa 48 
verticillata 48 
Agyrium 340 


INDEX 


rufum 340 
Aizoacez 95 
Alchemilla arvensis 130 
cuneifolia 130 
Alfalfa 141 
Alfilerilla 157 
Alliaceze 66 
Allioniacez 94 
Allium 66 
croceum 67 
serratum 66 
Allosorus mucronatus 299 
Aloina 307 
ericefolia 307 
Alsia 309 
californica 300 
Alsinacez 98 
Alsine 99 
media 90 
nitens 99 
Alyssum maritima 114 
Sweet II5 
Amaranthacee 93 
Amaranthus 94 
albus 94 
erecizans 94 
Amblyopappus 278 
pusillus 278 
Ambrosia 261 
psilostachya 261 
Ambrosiacez 260 
Ammiacee 184 
AMMIALES 184 
Amole 69 
Amphisphzria 351 
dothideaspora 351 
Amphisphericee 346 
Amsinckia 234 
Douglasiana 234 
intermedia 234 
lycopsoides 234 
parviflora 234 
spectabilis 234 ° 
tesselata 234 
Amygdalacez 135 
Anacardiacee 164 
Anacyclus australis 275 
Anagallis 194 
arvensis 194 
Anaphalis margaritacea 192 
Anaptychia 377 
leucomelzena 377 
Androcryphia longiseta 312 
Andropogon 42 
barbinodis 43 


392. «=Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Bortany, VOL. 


saccharoides 43 
Anemopsis 73 
californica 73, 386 
Anethum Foenculum 187 
Angiospermz 37 
Anthemis Cotula 273 
Anthoceros 313 
Pearsoni 313 
Anthocerotaceez 313 
ANTHOCEROTALES 313 
Anthostoma 353 
dryophilum 353 
Antirrhinum 222 
Hookerianum 222 
Nuttallianum 222 
Speciosum 222 
strictum 222 
subsessile 223 
Antitrichia 309 
californica 309 
Aphanes 130 
cuneifolia 130 
Aphanisma 86 
blitoides 86 


Aphyllon fasciculatum 243 


tuberosum 243 
Apiastrum 188 
angustifolium 188 
Apocynacez 107 
Apple Family 134 
Wild 128 
Arbutus tomentosa 193 


Arctostaphylos bicolor 102 


diversifolia 101 
glandulosa 1093 
imsularis 193 
polifolia 191% 
pungens 192 
tomentosa 193 
Arcyria 337 
nutans 337 
Arenaria 100 
Douglasii 100 
macrotheca 101 
rubra marina 101 
Aristida 44 
adsensionis 44 
bromoides 44 
Armillaria 323 
putrida 323 
Aromia tenuifolia 278 
Arrow-weed 294 
Artemisia 274 
californica 274, 378 
dracunculoides 274 
heterophylla 275, 378 
ludoviciana 275 
vulgaris 275 
Arthonia 360 
anastomosans 362 
dispersa 361 
dispersa cytisii 361 


gregaria 361 
gyalectoides 360 
impolita 360 
lecanactidia 360 
polygramma 361 
punctiformis 361 
pyrrhuliza 361 
radiata Schwartziana 361 
rhoidis 361 
sanguinea 362 
stictella 361 
subcystodes 362 
tetramera 361 
Arthoniacee 360 
Arthopyrenia 359 
biformis 359 
fallax 359 
punctiformis 350 
spheroides 350 
Arthothelium 361 
anastomosans 362 
orbiliferum 361 
sanguineum 362 
spectabile 362 
subcystodes 362 
Arthrocnemum 92 
subterminale 02 
Asclepiadacee 108 
Aspidium aculeatum 302 
arguium 301 
rigidum 302 
Aster filagintfolius 267 
Asterella 311 
californica 311 
Palmeri 312 
Astragalus Antiselli 148 
catalinensis 146 
didymocarpus 146 
fastidiosus 147 
fastidius 157 
Gambellianus 146 
leucopsis 147 
nigrescens 146 
trichopodus 147 
Atriplex 88 
bracteosa 90 
Breweri 91, 386 
californica 90 
Coulteri 89 
decumbens 80 
leucophylla oo 
microcarpa 89 
pacifica 89 
semibaccata 91, 378 
Serenana 90 
Watsoni 89 
Audibertia Palmeri 241 
polystachya 242 
stachyoides 241 
Auricularia tabacina 315 
Avalon 8 
Run 8 


Fiora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILusPpAuGH & NUTTALL 


Valley 8 . 
Avena 49 

barbata 50, 378 

fatua 49 


Babcock, E. B. 26 
Baby Blue-eyes 207 
Baccharis 270 
caerulescens 271 
consanguinea 271 
Douglasii 271 
pilularis 271, 380 
viminea 271 
Bacidia 366 
clementis 366 
endoleuca 367 
Negelii 367 
Beria 277 
chrysostoma 278 
gracilis 278 
Palmeri clementina 278 
Bahia confertiflora 280 
Baker, C. F. 26 
Marcus 27 
Ballast Point 19 
Balsam, Old Field 292 
Balsamea 181 
Banning’s Canyon 24 
Baobab 125 
Barbula 305 
artocarpa 305 
subfallax 306 
vinealis 306 
Barlaea Constellatio 330 
Barley 60 
Cheat 56 
Barnhart, J. H. 26 
Bartholomew, Elam 26 
BASIDIOMYCETES 314 
Battarrea 325 
Stevenii 325 
Beach Strawberry 06 
Beacon Street Canyon 9 
Beckwith, Florence 26 
Bedstraw 248 
Catalina 249 
Bell-flower 260 
Family 253 
Bergerocactus 170 
'  Emoryi 179 
Bethel E. 26 
Biatora coarctata 366 
glebulosa 366 
minuta 366 
phaeophora 366 
sylvana 366 
Biatorella 368 
simplex 368 
Bidens gracilis 284 
Bigelovia veneta 270 
Big Root 253 


Big Wash Canyon 9 
Bindweed, California 202 
Great 203 
Western 203 
Bird Island 172 
Bird Rock 18 
Bishop, Dr. 27 
Blackberry 133 
Black Jack 15 


Trail 15 
Bladder Pod 111 
Blake, S. F. 27 


Blastenia 374 
ferruginea 374 
Wrightii 374 
Blepharipappus 288 
platyglossus 288 
Bloomeria 67 
aurea 67 
crocea 67 
Blue Dicks 68 
Bolboxalis 158 
cernua 158 
Boletacew 318 
Boletus 318 
commums 318 
hirsutus 318 
igmiarius 318 
Borage Family 228 
Boraginacez 228 
Botryospheria 356 
Boughton, Fred 27 
Bovista 324 
circumcissa 323 
lilacina 324 
plumbea 324 
subterranea 323 
Bowlesia 188 
lobata 188 
septentrionalis 188 
Box Thorn 218 
Brachytheciacez 300 
Bramble 133 
Brandegee, K. 27 
fees 
Brassica 119 
campestris 119 
nigra II9Q 
Brassicacez 113 
Briardia nigerrima 342 
Brickellia 264 
californica 264 
capitata insularis 67 
insularis 67 
minor 
Bromus 55 
carinatus 58 
Hookerianus 58 
ciliatus 58 
hordaceus 55 
Orcuttianus 57 
rigidus 57 


> 


o 


93 


304 Fiectp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V. 


rigidus Gussonei 57, 378 
rubens 56 
subvelutinus 57 
tectorum 56 
Trinti 56 
villosus 57 
villosus Gussonei 57 
vulgaris 58 
Broom 140 
Rape 243 
Rape Family 242 
Bryacez 308 
BRYALES 305 
BRYOPHYTA 304 
Bryum 308 
argenteum lanatum 308 
californicum 308 
ericaefolium 307 
intermedium 308 
obconicum 308 
rubrum 305 
torquescens 308 
Buckthorn Family 167 
Island 168 
Buckwheat, Wild 84 
Buellia alboatra 376 
ambigua 376 
atroalbella 376 
badia 376 
disciformis 376 
triphragmia 376 
halonia 376 
lepidastra 376 
Naegelu 367 
parasema 376 
petraea 367 
spuria 376 
stellulata 376 
Traskae 376 
triphragma 376 
Buelliacee 376 
Bulrush 63 
Canyon 13 
Bur-clover 141 
Bursa 113 
Bursa-Pastoris 113 
Buttercup 106 
Family 103 


Cactacez 178 
CACTALES 177 
Cactus Family 178 
snake 180 
Calaguala 300 
Calais linearifolia 256 
bleuriseta 256 
Calandrinia 97 
caulescens 97 
maritima 
Menziesii 97 
Caliciaceze 360 
Calicium 360 


parietinum 360 
California Holly 135 
‘ Pepper Tree 167 

Poppy 109 
Callichroa TTlorvotones A 288 
Calloria chrysocoma 330 
Calochortus 69 
cataline 69 
Kennedyi 70 \ 
Lyont 69 
Palmeri 70 
Caloplaca 374 
aurantiaca 374 
bolacina 375 
cerina 375 
coralloides 375 
elegans 375 
gilva 375 
murorum 375 
miniatum 375 
Caloplacaceae 374 
Calvatia 324 
lilacina 324 
pachyderma 324 
Camarosporium 329 
eriocryptum 329 
Campanula biflora 254 
Campanulacez 253 
CAMPANULALES 252 
Camptothecium 309° 
arenarium 309 
dolosum 309 
Canchalagua 197 
Candlewood 242 
Cape Canyon 16 
Caper Bush 111 
Family 111 
Capeweed 236 
Capnodium 345 
Heteromeles 345 
Capparidacee III 
Caprifoliacee 250 
Capriola 50 
Dactylon 50 
Capsella Bursa-pastoris 113 
Cardamine 118 
paucisecta 118 
Carduacez 263 
Carduus marianus 295 
occidentalis 295 
Carex 63 
triquetra 63 
Carlson, J. I. 27 
Carpetweed Family 95 
Carrot Family 184 
Wild 180 
Caryophyllacee 102 
Castilleja 227 
affinis 227 
Douglasii 227 
foliolosa 228 
parviflora 227 


FLorA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 395 


Castor Bean 162 Chenopodium 87 
Oil Plant 162 album 87 
Catalina Cherry 136 californicum 88 
Clover 144 murale 87 
Harbor 19 Cherry Canyon 23 
Perfume 125 Catalina 136 
Catastoma 323 Valley 19 
circumcissum 323 Wild 135 
subterraneum 323 Chia 241 
Catchfly 103 Chicken Johnny’s 10 
English 103 Canyon opposite 9 
sleepy 103 Chickweed 99 
Catillaria 366 Family 98 
Griffithsii 366 Chicory Family 255 
lenticularis ecrustacea 366 Chilicothe 253 
tricolor 366 Chiodecton 363 
Catnip 240 ochroleucum 363 
Cat Tail 39 sanguineum 363 
Family 38 Chiodectonacez 363 
Caucalis 187 Chlorogalum 69 
microcarpa 187 pomeridianum 609, 378 
Ceanothus 168 Cholla 178 
arboreus 169, 378 Chorizanthe 82 
crassifolius 160 staticioides 83 
macrocarpus 169 Chrysanthemum 276 
megacarpus 160 coronarium 276 
sorediatus 169 frutescens 277 
Celidiaceze 340 Cichoriacez 255 
Centaurea 296 Cirsium 295 
melitensis 296 occidentale 295, 379 
Centaurium 106 Cistacez 174 
venustum 196 Cladonia 368 
Cerasus ilicifolia 136 fimbriata fibula 368 
Lyont 136 fimbriata simplex 368 
Ceratostomatacez 346 furcata corymbosa 368 
. Cercocarpus 131 furcata pinnata 368 
alnifolius 132 furcata racemosa 368 
betulaefolius 132 ochroleuca evoluta 368 
betulaefolius Blanchae 132 pyxidata chlorophza 368 
betuloides 132, 378 verticillata 368 
parvifolius glaber 132 Cladoniacez 368 
Traskie 131 Cladosporium 332 
Cercospora 332 herbarum 332 
Ceanothi 332 forma 333 
rubigo 332 Claopodium 309 
squalida 332 leuconeuron 300 
Cereus Emoryi 1790 Clasterosporium 333 
Ceriomyces 318 carpophilum 333 
communis 318 Clavaria 316 
Ceropteris viscosa 300 flaccida 316 
Cetraria 372 Clavariacee 316 
californica 372 Clavatia 324 
Chameesyce 163 e lilacina 324 
serpyllifolia 164 pachyderma 324 
Chamberlain, L. T. 27 Claytonia perfoliata 98 
Chase, Agnes 27 Clematis 105 
Cheat 58 ligusticifolia 105, 379, 386 
Barley 56 ligusticifolia californica 105 
Cheeses 172 Clitocybe 321 
Cheilanthes californica 302 Clotbur, spiny 262 
Chenopodiaceze 86 Clover, Bur 141 


CHENOPODIALES 85 Butterfly 145 


396 


Catalina 144 
Island 144 
Owl 228 
pin 157 
Silvery 151 
Sour 141 
Spanish 149 
Sweet 141 
Three-toothed 145 
White 143 
White Sweet 141 
Wire 143 
Cluster Lily 68 
Clypeola maritinia 114 
Cuicus occidentalis 295 
Coach Road 14 
Cocklebur 263 
Coffee Fern 299 
Wild 168 
Coinogyne 277 
carnosa 277, 390 
Collomia glutinosa 211 
Comarostaphylis 190 
diversifolia 191%, 370 
polifolia 191 
Comatricha 337 
nigra 337 
Coniothyrium 328 
leprosum 328 
marrubii 328 
olivaceum 328 
Convolvulacee 201 
Convolvulus 202 
californica 202 
macrostegius 203 
occidentalis 202 
Sepium 203 
Soldanella 202 
Conyza 272 
Coulteri 272, 300 
Coprinus 320 
Coquimbo 279 
Coral String 224 
Vine 224 
Coreopsis 283 
gigantea 284 
Corethrogyne 267 
filaginifolia 267 
lavendulacea 267 
Cornacez 189 
Cornus catalinensis 180, 388 
glabrata 388 
Polleyi 388 
pubescens californica 189 
Corticium 314 
arachnoideum 314 
colliculosum 314 
serum 314 
Cotton-batting Plant 2093 
Cottonwood 74 
Balsam 74 
Black 74 


Fietp Museum oF Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V. 


Canyon 17 
Cotula 275 
australis 275 
coronopifolia 276 
Cotyledon caespitosuim 124 
lanceolatum 122 
Cranesbill 156 
Crassulacee 120 
Craterium 338 
leucocephalum 338 
Crazy-weed 147 
Cream Cups 107 
Cressa 200 
cretica 200 
truxillensis 200, 370 
Crocanthemum 174 
scoparium 174 
Cronartium 333 
Cerebrum 333 
Crossosoma 127 
californicum 128, 370 
Family 127 
Crossosomatacere 127 
Croton setigerus 161 
Cruciferae 113 
Cryptantha 232 
cedrosensis 233 
intermedia 233 
leiocarpa 234 
maritima 233 
micromeres 233 
microstachys 233 
ramosissima 233 
Torreyana 233 
Cryptanthe 232 
Cucumber, wild 253 
Cucurbitacee 252 
Cudweed 292 
Cunoniacee 126 
Cunonia Family 126 
Currant Family 125 
Wild 125 
Cuscuta 204 
californica breviflora 204 
occidentalis 204 
Cuscutaceez 203 
Cynodon Dactylon 50 
Cynoglossum lineare 230 
pencillatum 230 
Cynosurus auretis 51 
Cyperacez 61 
Cyphelia 315 
villosa 315 
Cypheliacee 360 
Cyphelium 360 
Bolanderi 360 
Cytispora 327 
Cytisus 140 
canariensis 140, 387 
Cytospora 327 
chrysosperma 327 
fugax 327 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 


Dacryomyces 337 
deliquescens 337 
Dacryomycetacez 337 
Dacryomycetine 337 

Dall & Baker 27 
Dandelion 258 
Darnel 58 
Dasyscypha 340 
cerina 340 
Datura 218 
meteloides 218 
Daucus 186 
pusillus 186 
Davidson, A. 28 
Delphinium 104 
hesperium 104 
Parryi 104 
scopulorum 104 
Dematiacez 332 
Dendrographa 364 
leucophea 364 
leucophea minor 364 
Dendromecon 107 
arborea 108 
flexile 108 
Harfordii 108 
rhamnoides 107 
rigida 108 
Dendromyces Steventi 325 
Deutaria californica 118 
Bei aeseareacess 350 
Dermatocarpon 359 
miniatum 359 
Descanso Canyon 22 
Desmatodon 306 
Guepinii 306 
Hendersoni 306 
DEUTEROMYCETES 339 
Diatrype dryophila 
Dicezoma 334 
Nemoseridis 334 
Dichelostemma 67 
capitata 67 
insulare 67 
Dichondra 200 
Family 199 
occidentalis 200 
repens 200 
Dichondracez 199 
DICOTYLEDONES 71 
Dicranacez 305 
Dicranella 305 
rubra 305 
Didymella 350 
Ramonz 350 
superflua 350 
Didymodon 306 
Hendersont 306 
tophaceus 307 
Didymospheria 350 
brunneola 350 
cataline 350 


Dipetalia 386 
subulata 386 
Diplacus 224 
glutinosus 225 
linearis 225, 370 
puniceus 225 
Diplochistacez 305 
Diplochistes 365 
hypothallunum 365 
pluriloculare 365 
Diplodia 328 
heteromelina 328 
Diplopappus scaber 205 
Dirina 363 
catalinariz 363 
Hassei 363 
rediunta 363 
Dirinacee 363 
Discosia 331 
poiklomera 331 
Dissanthelium 52 
californicum 52 
Distichlis 51 
maritima 51, 379 
spicata 51 
Dock, curled 85 
willow 84 
Dodder Family 203 
Western 204 
Dodecatheon 195 
Clevelandi 195 
Hendersoni 195 
Jeffreyi 195 
meadia 195 
Dogbane Family 197 
Dogwood, Catalina 189 
Family 189 
Dondia 92 
californica 93 
taxifolia 093 
Doorweed 85 
Dothideaceze 345 
DOTHIDEALES 345 
Dothiorella 327 
gallae 327 
Douglass 92 
Drepanolobus parviflorus 152 
Drymocallis 129 
glandulosa 129 
Dryopteris 301 
arguta 301 
Dudleya 121 
Greenei 122 
Dusty Miller 280 
Dyer’s Greenwold 154 


Eagle’s Nest 16 

Eastwood, Alice 28 

Echinocystis fabacea 353 
guadaloupensis 253 
macrocarpa 253 


398 Fretp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V. 


Marah 253 
Echo Lake 15 
Eel-grass Family 40 
Eisen, Dr. 28 
Elder 251 
Eleocharis 62 
palustris 62 
Elephant Root 253 
Elfvingia 317 
megaloma 317 
Ellimia ruderalis 386 
Ellisia 207 
chrysanthemifolia 207 
Elymus 60 
condensatus 60 
glaucus 61 
triticoides 61 
Embolus 340 
ochreatus 340 
Emmenanthe 210 
penduliflora 210 
Encelia 283 
californica 283, 370 
Epilobium 181 
holosericeum 181 
Equestrian Trail 11 
Equisetacez 302 
EQUISETALES 302 
Equisetum 302 
kansanum 303 
mexicanunt 303 
robustum 303 
Telemateia 303 
Eremocarpus 161 
setigerus 161 
Ericacez 100 
ERICALES 189 
Erigeron 267 
camphoratus 204 
canadensis 268 
foliosus 268 
lintfolius 260 
stenophyllus 268 
Eriodictyon 210 
crassifolium etc. 210 
tomentosum 210 
Traskize 210 
Eriogonum 83 
giganteum 83 
grande 84 
nudum 84, 370 
rubescens 84 
Eriophyllum 279 
confertiflorum 280 
Nevinii 280, 379 


Eritrichium canescens arizonicum 232 


Erodium 156 
cicutarium 157 
moschatum 156 

Erysimum pinnatum 114 

Erythrea trichantha 107 
venusta 106 


Eschscholtzia 108 
californica 109, 110 
crocea 109 
crossophylla 110 
elegans 110 
ramosa 110 
Wrigleyana 100 

Eucalyptus 184, 370 

Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia 207 

Eulobus 183 
californicus 184 

Euphorbia dictyosperma 162 
leptocera 163 
misera 163 
serpyllifolia 164 

Euphorbiacez 160 

Eurotium 345 

Eustoma silenifolium 388 

Eutoca grandifolia 208 
patuliflora 208 
viscida 208 

Eutypa 355 
lata 355 xj. 

Eutypella 354 
ceranata 354 
domicalis 355 
Populi 355 
stellulata 355, 379 

Evening Primrose 183 
Family 180 

Everlasting 292 
Californica 293 
Swamn 292 

Everman, B. M. 28 

Evernia 374 
prunastri 374 

Exidia 336 
glandulosa 336 
recisa 336 


Fabaceze 136 
Fagacee 75 
FAGALES 75 
Fennel 187 
Fengelia concinna 213 
dianthiflora 213 
speciosa 213 
Fern, Coffee 290 
Family 297 
Gold 300 
Golden-back 300 
Maidenhair 208 
Sticky 300 
Tea 300 
Festuca 54 
megalura 55 
myuros 55 
octoflora 54 
reflexa 54 
tenella 54 
Fig Marigold 96 


Frora or Santa Catatina [sLanp—MtLispaucu & NuTTaLy 309 


Figwort 224 
Family 220 
Filago 201 
californica 201 
Filaree 157 
FILICALES 297 
Fimbriaria californica 311 
Palmeri 311 
Fisher, G. L. 28 
Fisherman’s Cove 18 
Fissidens 305 
limbatus 305 
Fissidentacez 305 
Fleabane 268 
Flowering Maple 172 
Foeniculum 187 
Foeniculum 187 
vulgare 187, 380 
Fomes 318 
Abramsianus 318 
igniarius 318 
Fossombronia 312 
longiseta 312 
Four o’Clock 95 
Family 04 
Fourth-o’-July 10 
Foxtail 60 
Frankenia 175 
Family 175 
grandiflora 175 
Frankeniaceez 175 
Franseria bipinnatifida 262 
bipinnatifida dubia 262 
Fritchey, J. Q. A. 28 
Frullania 313 
cataline 313 
Funaria 308 
hygrometrica 308 
mediterranea 308 
Funariacee 308 
Fungi 313 


Gertneria 261 
bipinnatifida 262 

Galium 248 
angustifolium 248, 380 
Aparine 248 
buxifolium 240 
catalinense 249 
miguelense 249 
siccatum 249 

Gallagher’s Canyon 23 

Gambel, William 28 

Gambelia 221 
speciosa 222 

Gap, the 16 

Gas Works Canyon 10 

Gastridium 48 
australe 48 
lendigerum 48 
ventricosum 48 


GASTROMYCETE 323 
Geaster 324 
floriformis 324 
fornicatus 324 
hygrometricus 324 
limbatus 324 
minimus 324 
rufescens 324 
Genista linifolia 154 
Gentian Family 106 
Gentianacee 196 
GENTIANALES 105 
Geopyxis 339 
Catinus 339 
Geraniacee 155 
GERANIALES 154 
Geranium 155 
carolinianum 156 
cicutarium 157 
Family 155 
moschatumt 156 
wild 156 
Giant Solanum 217 
Gilia 211 
atractylotdes 215 
bicolor 213 
dianthoides 213 
filifolia 215 
gilioides 211 
glutinosa 211 
multicaulis 213 
multicaulis alba 213 
Nevenii 211 
Traskiz 211 
viscidula 215 
Glasswort 92 
Gloniopsis 342 
insignis 342 
Glonium 342 
parvulum 342 
vestigiale 343 
Gnaphalium 291 
bicolor 292 
californicum 292 
chilense 203 


decurrens californicum 292 


microcephalum 293 
palustre 292 
Sprengelit 203 
Godetia 182 
Bottae 182 
epilobioides 182 
guadrivulnera 182 
tenella 182 
Gold Fields 278 
Golden Month 278 
Stars 67 
Top SI 
Goldenrod 267 
Golf Links 8 
Canyon 9 
Goosefoot 88 


7 


400 Fretp MuseuM or Natura History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


Family 86 
Gcose-weed 273 
Grand Canyon 13 
Grandinia 316 


Grant, G. B. 29 
Grape Family 170 
Wild 170 


Graphidacee 362 

Grass, Barley 59 
Beard 48 
Bent 49 
Bermuda 50 
Blue-eyed 71 
Darnel 58 
Dropseed 47 
Family 41 
Feather 46 
Fescue 54 
Foxtail 60 
Golden Top 51 
Hard 59 
Knot 85 
Meadow 52 
Melic 54 
Pepper 116 
Red Brome 56 
Salt 52, o1 
Squirrel 60 
Three-barbed 45 
Wheat 61 

Graveyard Canyon Io 


Grease-wood 131 , 


Grimmia 307 
atrovirens 307 
trichophylla 307 

Grimmiacez 307 

Grindelia 389 
robusta 3890 

Grossulariacee 125 

Groundsel 282 

Guatemote 272 

Guepinia 337 
Peziza 337 

Gymnogramme 300 
triangularis 300 
viscosa 300 


Hall, H. M. 29 
Hamilton Canyon 23 
Haplopappus squarrosus 270 
Hard Tack 132 
Harpaecarpus exiguus 286 
Harpagonella 230 

Palmeri 230 
Hartmannia fasciculata 287 
Hasse, H. E. 29 
Hay Press 15 
Hazardia 270 

squarrosa 270, 380 
Heath Family 190 
Heleniastrum puberulum 281 


Helenium 280 
puberulum 281 
Hehanthemum scoparium 175 
Helianthus 282 
annuus 283 
Heliotella 330 
miscrospora 339 
Heliotrope, seaside 229 
wild 229 
Heliotropium 229 
chenopodioides 229, 388 
curassavicum 229 
ocultum 229 
Heller, A. A. 29 
Helminthosporium carpophilum 333 
Helvella rubiginosa 314 
Helvellinee 339 
Hemizonia 286 
clementina 287 
fasciculata 287 
floribunda 287 
paniculata 287 
ramosissima Bth, 288 
Streetsti 287 
Wrightit 288 * 
HEPATICAE 310 
Heppia 360 
Guepini 360 
leptopholis 360 
Heppiacee 369 
Hesperastragalus 146 
didymocarpus 146 
Gambelianus 146 
Hesperocnide 80 
tenella 80 
Hesperonia 95 
californica 95 5 
Heteromeles arbutifolia 134 
salicifolia 134 
Heterotheca 265 
grandiflora 265 
Hill-brush 274 
Holly 135 
California 135 
Holodiscus ariaefolius 129 
Honeysuckle Family 250 
wild 252 
Hookera 68 
minor 68 
Hordeum 59 
murinum 60 
nodosum 59 
pusillum 59 
vulgare 60 
Horehound 239 
Horsetail Family 302 . 
Ivory 303 
Horseweed 269 
Hosackia 148 
americana 148 
anthylloides 150 
argophylla 151 


SS el 


Fora oF Santa Catarina Istanp—Miiispaucnu & NurraLt 401 


brachycera 149 
glabra 152 
grandiflora anthylloides 150 
maritima 149 
micrantha 151 
ornithopus 151 
Purshiana 148 
rubella 150 
strigosa 149 
subpinnata 149 
Wrangeliana 149 
Houttuynia californica 73 
Howland, Mrs. 29 
Howlands 19 
Humaria umbrarum 339 
Hyacinth, wild 68 
Hydnacee 316 
Hydnum 316 
ochraceum 317 
ohioense 316 
Hydrophyllacee 204 
Hymenochete 314 
rubiginosa 314 
tabacina 315 
HYMENOMYCETE 314 
HYPERICALES 173 
Hypholoma 321 
fasciculare 321 
HyYPHOMYCETALES 332 
Hypnum arenarium 309 
californicum 310 
illecebrum 310 
leuconeuron 309 
YPOCREALES 345 
Hypomyces 345 
rosellus 345 
Hypomycetacee 345 
Hypoxylon 356 
annulatum 357 
atropurpureum 357 
botrys 356 
rubiginosum 357 
Hysteriacee 342 
HYSTERIINEAE 342 
Hysterium Mori 343 
prominens 343 
Hysterographium 343 
Bakeri 343 
insigne 342 
Mori 343 
prominens 343 


Ice Plant 96 
Ipomoea 201 
heceracea 201 
Tronwood 127 
Gully 19 
Islay 136 
Island 136 
Tsocoma 269 
decumbens 270 


latifolia 270 
microdonta 270 
sedoides 270 
veneta vernonioides 269 
vernonioides 269 
villosa 270 
lsomeris III 
arborea III, 380 
arborea globosa 111 
globosa 111 
Isthmus 18 
Harbor 18 
Ivy, poison 165 
Ixiacez 70 


Jaumea carnosa 277 
Jepson, W. L. 29 
Jepsonia 124 
neonuttalliana 124 
Jewfish Point 22 
Johnson’s Landing 20 
Juncacee 64 
Juncus 65 
acutus sphaerocarpus 65 
balticus 65, 380 
bufonius 65 
robustus 65 
Jungermannia 312 
Family 312 
Jungermanniacee 312 
JUNGERMANNIALES 312 


Kennedy, P. B. 30 
Kingman, C. C. 30 
Kisses 97 
sea 98 
Knopf, E. C. 30 
Knot Grass 85 
Konigia 114 
maritima II4 
Krynitzkia ambigua 233 
intermedia 233 
leiocarpa 234 
micromeres 233 
microstachys 233 
ramosissima 233 
Kuehneola 333 
uredinis 333 


Lace Pod 117 
Lachnea 339 
umbrarum 339 
Lactaria 320 
deceptiva 320 
scrobiculata 320 
Lactuca 258 
Scariola 259 
virosa 250 
Lady’s Mantle 130 


402. Firtp Museum or Natura History—Borany, Vou. V. 


Lamarckia aurea 5% 
Lamb’s Quarters 87 
Lamiaceze 236 
Lamprospora 339 
Constellatio 330 
Larkspur 104 
Lastarriza 82 
chilensis 82 
Lathyrus 153 
Alefeldi 153 
californicus 153 
puberulus 154 
strictus 154 
vestitus 154 
violaceus 154 
violaceus Barberae 154 
Laurocerasus 135 
ilicifolia 136 
Lyoni 136, 380 
Lava Beds 14 
Lava Daisy 258 
Lavatera 171 
assurgentiflora 171 
Laya platyglossa 288 
platyglossa breviseia 288 
Lecanactis 364 
californica 364 
dubia 364 
salicina 364 
Lecania 371 
brunonis 371 
dimera 371 
fructigena 371 
Lecanidion 341 
atratum 34/1 
Lecanora 370 
albella 370 
_ atra 370 
cancriformis 370 
catalinae 371 
cinerea 370 
levata 370 
muralis 37% 
pacifica 370 
pallida 370 
rugosa 370 
saxicola 371 
sordida 370 
subcarnea 371 
subfusca 370 
symmicta 370 
Lecanoracee 370 
Lecidacee 365 
.Lecidea 365 
aromatica 367 
catalinaria 366 
coarctata 366 
fumosa 365 
glebulosa 366 
goniphila 366 
lapicida 365 
declinans 365 


latypea 365 
luridella 366 
minuta 366 
phzophora 366 
scotopholis 366 
sylvana 366 
Legouzia biflora 254 
Leguminosaceae 136 
Lemmon, J. G. 30 
Leontodon Taraxacum 258 
Lepidium 115 
intermedium 116 
lasiocarpum 115 
lastophyllum 116 
latipes 115 
medium 116 
Lepigonum macrothecum tol 
ulacrothecum 101 
Lepiota 323 
conspurcata 323 
Leptilon 268 
canadense 268 
linifolium 269 
Leptionella 310 
edulis 319 
Leptonia edulis 3190 
Leptosiphon bicolor 213 
Leptospheria 352 
Galiorum gnaphaliana 352 
Leptostromatacee 331 
Leptosyne gigantea 284 
Lepturus incurvatus 59 
Leskeaceae 309 
Lettuce, Miner’s 98 
prickly 259 
Leucodontacez 300 
Leucoseris saxatilis 258 
Lichens 358 
Lilae 169 
white 169 
Liliaceee 68 
LILtALes 64 
Lily Family 68 
Limonade 166 
Linanthus dianthiflorus 213 
Linaria 220 
canadensis texana 221 
texana 221 
Lippia 236 
nodiflora 236 
Lithophragma 123 
catalinze 124 
Little Harbor 17 
Liverworts 310 
Lizzard-tail Family 72 
Loasa Family 176 
Loasacee 176 
LOASALES 176 
Loco-weed 147 
Lolium 58 
temulentum 58 
Lonicera 251 


ee ee 


FLORA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 403 


californica 252 


catalinensis 252 380, 380 


hispida subspicata 252 
hispidula 252 
hispidula vacillans 252 
Lookout Point 22 
Lophiosphezria 347 
querceti 347 
Lophiostomatacee 347 
Lotus argophyllus 151 
dendroideus 152 
hamaius 151 
humistratus 149 
rubellus 150 
salsuginosus 149 
strigosus 149 
tomentosus I51 
Wrangelianus 140 
Lupine, Giant 140 
stinging 139 
Lupinus 137 
affinis 139 
Aghardianus 138 
albifrons 139 
carnulosus 139 
Chamissonis 140 
concinnus 138 
gracilis 138 
Hallii 130, 380 
hirsutissimus 130 
longifolius 139 
micranthus 139 
truncatus 138 
Lycium 217 
californicum 218 
Hassei 218 
Richii 218, 388 
Lycogala 337 
Epidendrum 337 
Lycoperdacee 323 
Lycoperdon 323 
Epidendrum 337 
fornicatus 324 
gemmatum 323 
pachyderma 324 
pyriforme 323 
LYCOPODIALES 303 
Lyon, W. S. 30 
Lyonothamnus 126 
asplenifolius 126 
floribundus 126, 380 


Macbride, J. F. 30 
Madder Family 247 
Madia 285 

dissitiflora 286 

exigua 286 

filipes 286 

sativa 285 
Madorella dissitiflora 286 
Mahogany, Mountain 132 


Maiden-hair, California 290 

fern 
Malacee 134 
Malacothryx 257 

saxatilis 257, 381 
Mallow Family 171 

Tree 172, 173 
Malosma 166 

laurina 167, 381, 387 
Malva 172 

borealis 172 

fasciculata 173 

parviflora 172, 381 

pusilla 172 

Rosa 172 
Malvacee 171 
MALVALES 170 
Malvastrum 173 

fasciculatum 173, 381 

Thurberi 173 
Manzanita 191, 193 
Maple, flowering 172 
Marah fabacea 253 

mucrocarpa 253 
Marasmius 320 

plicatulus 320 
Marchantiacee 311 
MARCHANTIALES 310 
Mariposa Lily 70 
Marrubium 239 

vulgare 239, 381 
Maruta 273 

Cotula 273 
Matrimony Vine 219 
Maurandia stricta 222 
Mayweed 273 
McClatchie, A. J. 31 

Anna M. 31 
McGregor, E. A. 31 
Meconopsis heterophylla 110 
Medic 141 
Medicago 140 

denticulata 141 

hispida 141 

sativa 140, 381 
Megarrhiza californica 253 

fabacea 253 

Marah 253 
Melampsora 334 

monticola 334 
Melampsoracee 333 
Melanoleuca colybtiformis 323 
Melica 53 

imperfecta 53 

imperfecta minor 54 

poaeotdes 53 

Torreyana 53 
Melilotus 141 

alba 141 

indica I41 

parviflora 141 
Melogrammatacee 356 


404 Frerp Museum or Natura History—Botany, Vor. V. 


Melon Family 252 
Mentha 238 
piperita 239, 388 
Mentzelia affinis 177 
gracilenta 177 
micrantha 176 
Merritt, A. J. 31 
Merulius 317 
confluens 317 
lamellosus 319 
pilosus 317 
Mesembryanthemum 96 
zequilaterale 96 
crystallinum 96 
nodiflorum 96 
Metaspheria 351 
anisometra 351 
Micrampelis 253 
macrocarpa 253, 381 
Microdiplodia 329 
conigena 329 
Mimuli 329 
Ramonz 329 
Microlotus nudiflorous 150 
Micromeria 237 
chamissonis 237 
Douglasti 237 
Microseris 255 
anomala 256 
Lindleyi 256 
linearifolia 256 
Middle Ranch 16 
Mignonette 112 
Milfoil 274 
Milkweed Family 108 
Miller, G. S. 31 
Mrs. 31 
Millspaugh, C. F. 31 
Mimulus 225 
cardinalis 226 
critens 226 
griseus 226 
floribundus 226 
glutinosus 225 
guttatus 226 
linearis 225 
luteus 226 
nastus 226 
Traskiz 226 
Miner’s Lettuce 98 
Mint Family 236 
Mirabilis californica 95 
Mnium hygrometricum 308 
intermedium 308 
lanatum 308 
Monanthochloe 51 
littoralis 51 
Monardella lanceolata 242 
Monocotyledones 38 
Monkey Flower, crimson 226 
musk 226 
orange 226 


red 226 
sticky 225 
yellow 226 
Montia 98 
perfoliata 98 
Morning Glory 201 
Family 201 
Seaside 202 
Moss Family 304 
Mountain Mahogany 132 
Moxley, G. L. 31 
Mucedinacee 332 
Mucuna sp. 154 
Mugwort 275 
Muhlenbergia 46 
gracilis 46 
microsperma 46 
purpurea 46 
Mulefat 272 
Mullein, Turkey 161 
Musci 304 
Mushrooms 314 
Mustard, Black 119 
Family 113 
Field 119 
Hedge 114 ° 
Wild 119 
Mycena 319 
flava 319 
Mycoporacee 300 
Mycoporellum 360 
Hassei 360 
Mycospherella 348 
Chlorogalli, 348 
Clymenia 348 
Nemoseridis 348 
Mycospherellacee 348 
Myrangium 344 
cataline 344 
Myriangiaceae 344 
Myrtates 180 
Myrtle, ground 198 
tree 169 
MyYX0OGASTERES 337 
MYXOMYCETES 337 
Myzorrhiza 243 
tuberosa 243 


NAIDALES 39 
Nasturtium 159 
Family 159 
officinale 116 
Naucoria 321 
semiorbicularis 321 
Navarretia 214 
atractyloides 215 
filifolia 215 
filifolia eufilifolia 215 
foliacea 214 
hamata 215 
viscidula 215 


Fora OF SANTA CATALINA ISLAND—MILLSPAUGH & NUTTALL 405 


Neckera californica 309 
Nectria 345 
epispheria 345 
Nectriacee 345 
Nematelia 336 
nucleata 336 
Nemophila 205 
aurita 205 
erodiifolia 205 
insignis 206 
Menziesii 206 
Mensziesti insignis 206 
racemosa 
Nemoseris californica 257 
Neostyphonia 165 
integrifolia 166, 381, 387 
ovata 166 
Nepeta 239 
Cataria 240 
Nettle, coast 80 
Family 79 
stinging 80 
tall 80 
Nevin, J. C. 32 
Nicotiana 219 
Bigelovii 219 
Clevelandit 219 
glauca 219, 381 
Nigger-head 284 
Nightshade 217 
Nolava Canyon 11 
Norris, R. S. 32 
Norta 118 
altissima 118 
Notholaena candida 300 
Nummularia 356 
Clypeus 356 
Nuttall, L. W. 32 
Nyctaginaceae 94 
Oak, blue 78 
evergreen 78 
Family 75 
five-leaved 165 
golden-leaved 78 
island 78 
live 78 
Poison 165 
scrub 77 
sour 166 


Oats, wild 49, 50 
Obione Coulteri 80 
leucophylla 90 

Ochrolechia 371 
pallescens 371 
Ocotillo 242 
Odontia 316 
viridis 316 
Oenothera bistorta 183 
micrantha 183 
Oligomeris 112 


glaucescens 112, 386 
subulata 112, 386 
Onagracee 180 
Onion Family 66 
wild 66 
Opegrapha 362 
betulina 363 
Chevallieri 362 
Hassei 363 
pulicaris 362 
rimalis 362 
vulgaris 362 
Opuntia 178 
Engelmanni littoralis 179 
Lindheimeri occidentalis 178 
littoralis 179 
megacantha 170 
occidentalis 178 
prolifera 178 
Orbilia 339 
chrysocoma 339 
Orobanchacez 242 
Orbanche fasciculata 243 
Orobus californicus 153 
Orpine Family 120 
Orthocarpus 228 
purpurascens 228 
Orthotrichacez 307 
Orthotrichum 307 
cylindrocarpum 307 
Lyellii 307 
Owl Clover 228 
Oxalidacee 157 
Oxalis cernua 158 


Paint Brush 228 
Cup 227 
Palmer, Edward 32 
PANDANALES 38 
Panicum dactylon 50 
Pansy, yellow 174 
Papaver Ir10 
heterophyllum 110 
Papaveraceze 106 
PAPAVERALES 106 
Parietaria 80 
debilis 81 
Parish, S. B. 32 
Parmelia 372 
caperata 372 
conspersa 372 
cylisphora 372 
enteromorpha 372 
laevigata 372 
olivaria 372 
olivetorum 372 
perforata hypotropa 372 
perlata 372 
vittata 372 
Parmeliacez 372 
Parson’s Landing 20 


406 Frecp Museum or Naturat History—Borany, Vor. V. 


Payson, E. B. 30 
Pea Family 136 
Sweet, Wild 154 
Peach Family 135 
Pear, prickly 170 
Pearlwort 100 
Pebble Beach 20 
Canyon 21 
Road 20 
Pectocarya 230 
linearis 230 
pencillata 230 
Pellza 299 
andromedaefolia 2090 
mucronata 200 
ornithopus 209 
Pellitory 81 
Pendleton, R. L. 32 
Peniophora 314 
Allesheri 314 
velutina 314 
Pentacheta 266 
Lyoni 266 
Pentstemon 224 
cordifolius 224, 382 
Peppergrass, hairy 116 
Smooth 116 
Peppermint 239 
Pepper-tree 167 
Perezia 206 
microcephala 297, 3090 
sericophylla 297 
Peridermium cerebrum 333 
Perisporiacee 345 
PERISPORIALES 345 
Perityle 270 
Emoryi 279 
Periwinkle 198 
Peroneutypa 356 
heteracantha 356 
Peronospora 338 
Hyoscyami 338 
Peronosporaceze 338 
Peronosporineze 338 
Pertusaria 369 
flavicunda 360 
multipuncta 360 
Wulfanii 360 
Pertusariaceze 369 
Peziza cerina 340 
villosa 315 
Pezizacez 330 
Phaca 147 
fastidia 147 
leucopsis 17 
trichopoda 148 
Phacelia 207 
ciliata 209 
distans 200 
distans scabrella 200 
grandiflora 208 
hispida 209 


hispida geniuina 200 
Lyoni 209 
patuliflora 208 
sticky 208 
tanacetifolia 209 
viscida 208 
Phzangium 340 
spheroides 340 
Phaenangium 340 
Phalaris 43 
canariensis 44 
caroliniana 44 
Lemmoni 44 
minor 44 
Philibertia 108 
hirtella 199 
linearis hirtella 199 
Phlox Family 211 
Phlyctena 331 
arcuata 331 
Phlyctis 371 
argena 371 
argena mucronata 371 
candicans 371 
Pholiurus 58 
incurvatus 59 
Phoma 326 
Eupyrena 326 
Megarrhizz 326 
nebulosa 326 
typhicola 326 
Phomopsis 326 
nicotiane 326 
oblita 327 
Photinia 134 
arbutifolia 134, 382, 387 
salicifolia 135 
Phragmidium 336 
Rosa-Californice 336 
PHYCOMYCETES 338 
Phyllachora 345 
Nuttalliana 345 
Phyllospadix 40 
Torreyi 40 
Phyllosticta 325 
Heteromeles 325 
Laurocerasi 325 
maculans 325 
rhotseda 325 
Phyllostictaceze 325 
PHYLLOSTICTALES 325 
Physalospora 349 
erratica 340 
Eucalyptina 340 
Heteromelina 340 
Physaracee 338 
Physarum 338 
nutans 338 
nutans leucophzum 338 
Physcia 377 
aipolia 377 
cxesia 377 


FiLora OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAaND—MILispauGH & NUTTALL 407 


crispa 377 
leucomela 377 
stellaris 377 
tenella 377 
Physciacez 377 
Piedra Escalera Canyon 10 
Pigweed 87 
Family 93 
Pileolaria 334 
Toxicodendri 334 
Pimpernel 194 
Pink Family 102 
PIPERALES 72 
Piscaria setigera 161 
Pityrogramma 300 
triangularis 300 
triangularis viscosa 300 
viscosa 300 
Placodium elegans 375 
saxicola 371 
Placolecania 371 
candicans 371 
Plagiobothrys 231 
arizonicus 232 
arizonicus catalinensis 232 
canescens 231 
catalinensis 232 
Cooperi 232 
Plantaginacee 244 
PLANTAGINALES 243 
Plantago 244 
Bigelovii 244 
coronopus 246 
dura 246 
erecta 245 
insularis 245 
maritima 247 
obversa 247 
Parishii 246 
patagonica 247 
speciosa 247 
Plantain Family 244 
Rat-tail 247 
Ribbon 247 
Platystemon 107 
californicus 107 
cernuus 107 
PLECTASCINEAE 344 
Pleospora 352 
Chlorogalli 352 
herbarum 352 
infectoria 353 
Labiatarum 353 
Meliloti 353 
Pleosporacez 340 
Pleurotus 319 
ostreatus 319 
salignus 320 
septicus 320 
Pluchea 293 
borealis 204 
camphorata 204, 382 


sericea 2904 
Pluteus cervinus 319 
Poa 52 
annua 52 
scabrella 52 
Poacee 41 
PoALES 41 
Poison Ivy 165 
_ Oak 165 
Polemoniacez 211 
POLEMONIALES 199 
Pollay, H. 32 
Polycarpon 101 
depressum 102 
Polygonacee 81 
PoLYGoNALEs 81 
Polygonum 85 
aviculare 85, 382 
Polypappus sericeus 204 
Polypodiacez 297 
Polypodium 301 
californicum 301 
intermedium 301 
Scouleri 301 
Polypody, California 301 
Polypogon 47 
littoralis 47 
lutosus 47 
monspeliensis 47 
Polyporacez 317 
Polyporus megaloma 317 
Polystictus 318 
hirsutus 318 
versicolor 318 
Poor Man’s Weather Glass 104 
Popcorn Flower 232 
Poppy, California 109 
Family 106 
Tree 108 
Wind 110 
Wrigley’s 100 
Populus 74 
trichocarpa 74, 382 
Poria 317 
incrustans 317 
rhodella 317 
vaporaria 317 
Porina 359 
plumbaria 359 
Portulacacez 97 
Potato Family 216 
Potentilla glandulosa 120 
Pottiacez 305 
Prickly Lettuce 259 
Pear 179 
Primrose, Evening 183 
Family 194 
Primulacez 194 
PRIMULALES 193 
Propolis 341 
faginea 341 
Prunus ilicifolia 136 


408 Fretp Museum or Naturar History—Borany, 


tlicifolia integrifolia 136 

ilicifolia occidentalis 136 

integrifolia 136 

Lyoni 136 

occidentalis 136 
Psilocarphus 290 

tenellus 290 
PTERIDOPHYTA 297 
Pteris andromedaefolia 290 
Pterostegia 82 

drymarioides 82 
Ptiloria virgata 256 
Puccinia 335 

Agropyri 335 

Clematidis 335 

Cresse 335 

Eriophylli 335 

Grindeliz 335 

Malvacearum 335 

Sherardiana 335 
Puff-ball Family 323 
Purslane Family 97 
Pyrenulacer 350 


Quamoclit 203 
Queen Anne’s Lace 84 
Quercus 76 
agrifolia 77 
Alvordiana 78 
chrysolepis 78 
Douglasti 77 
dumosa 76, 383 
forma insularis 77, 386 
forma longigemma 77 
forma myrtifolia 77 
dumosa MacDonaldii 78 
Engelmann 77 
MacDonaldii 77, 383 
MacDonaldii elegantula 77 
Morehus 78 
oblongifolia 78 
tomentella 78, 383 
vaccinifolia 78 


Radish, Wild 120 
Rafinesquea 257 
californica 257, 383 
Ragweed Family 260 
Western 261 
Ramalina 373 
ceruchis 373 
ceruchis combeoides 373 
farinacea 373 
latus 373 
fraxinea 374 
homalea 373 
intermedia 373 
Menziesii 373 
pollinaria 373 
reticulata 373 


VoL. V. 


Ramona 241 
Clevelandi 241 
polystachya 242, 383 
stachyoides 241, 383 

RANALES I03 

Ranunculacee 103 

Ranunculus 105 
hebecarpus 105 


Raphanus 119 


sativus 120 
Rattlesnake Canyon 23 
weed 187 
Rattle-weed 147 
Reed, F. M. 33 
Reseda 112 
Family 112 
odorata 112 
subulata 386 
Resedaceze 112 
Resedella subulata 386 
Resupinatus 320 
applicatus 320 
Resurrection Plant Family 303 
Plant 304 
Reticularia 338 
Lycoperdon 338 
Reticulariaceze 338 
Rhamnacez 167 
RHAMNALES 167 
Rhamnus 168 
catalinae 168 
crocea 168 
slicifolia 168 
insularis 168, 384 
insulus 168, 388 
pyrifolia 168 
Rhizocarpon 367 
Bolanderi 367 
confervoides 367 
oidaleum 367 
penichreum 367 
Rhus diversiloba 165 
integrifolia 166 
laurina 167 
ovata 166 
Ribes 125 
viburnifolium 
Riccia 311 
catalinz 311 
trichocarpa 311 
Ricciaceze 311 
Ricinus 161 
communis 162 
Rhinodina 376 
angelica 377 
Conradi 377 
radiata 376 
lactea 376 
sophodes 377 
turfacea 377 
Rixford, G. P. 33 
Roccella 364 


125 


Friora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MiIcispaucH & NuTraLL 409 


ceruchts 373 
combeoides 373 
fuciformis 364 
Roccellaceze 364 
Rock Falls Canyon to 
Rose 175 
Rose Family 174 
Spring Canyon 10 
Rosa 133 
californica 134, 384 
Rosaceez 128 
ROSALES 120 
Rose Family 128 
Rock 175 
Wild 134 
Rosellinia 346 
aquila 346 
Rosilla 281 
Rubiacez 247 
RUBIALES 247 
Rubus 133 
ursinus 133 
vitifolius 133, 384 
Rue 160 
Family 160 
Rumex 84 
crispus 84 
salicifolius 84 
Rusby, H. H. 33 
Rush, Bullfrog 65 
Family 64 
Spike 62 
Stout 65 
Toad 65 
Wire 65 
Ruta 160 
' graveolens 160 
Rutacez 160 
Rye, wild 60 


Sage 241 
black 241 
brush 274 
Canyon 12 
Chia 241 
pitcher 238 
purple 241 
white 242 
Sagina 100 
occidentalis 160 
Salicaceez 73 
SALICALES 73 
Salicorma ambigua 92 
subterminalis 92 
Salix 74 
argophylla 75 
levigata 74 
lasiolepis 75, 384 
Salta Verde 14 
Saltbush 80, 90 
Australian 92 


Salt Grass 52, 91 
Salvia 240 
apiana 242 
californica 242 
Columbariez 240 
mellifera 24% 
Sambucus 250 
cerulea 250 
glauca 250, 384 
Samphire 92 
Sand Spurrey ror 
Sandwort 100 
Sandford, O. S. 33 
Sanicle 186 
Sanicula 185 
bipinnatifida 186 
laciniata 186 
Menziesii 186 
SAPINDALES 164 


Sarcostemma heterophylluan 


lunt 199 
Sargent, C. S233 
Sauco 251 


Saururacez 72 
Saviniona reticulata 171 
Saxifragacee 123 
Saxifrage Family 123 
Schinus molle 167 
Schizmatomma 365 
californicum 365 
hypothallinum 365 
pleuroloculare 365 
Schizonotus ariaefolius 120 
Schizopelte 364 
californica 364 
Schizoxylon 341 
insigne 341 
Schumacher P. 33 
Scirpus 63 
pacificus 63 
Sclerocarpus exiguus 286 
Sclerophyton 363 
californicum 363 
Sclerapodium 310 
californicum 310 
illecebrum 310 
Scouring Rush, Kansas 303 
Scrophularia 223 
californica 224 
villosa 223 
Scrophulariacez 220 
Sea Kisses 98 
Spurrey 101 
Sebacina 336 
calcea 336 
podlachia 336 
Sedge 64 
Family 61 
Selaginaceze 303 
Selaginella 304 
Bigelovii 304 
rupestris 304 


hirtel- 


410 Fie~tp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


Senecio 281 
Douglasii 281 
Lyoni 282 
Sepedonium 332 
chrysospermum 332 
Septoria 330 
Megarrhize 330 
rhabdocarpa 330 
Rubi 330 
Verbene 331 
Sericotheca 129 
franciscana 129, 385 
Shepherd’s Purse 114 
Ship Rock 19 
Shooting Star 195 
Silene 102 
anglica 103 
antirrhina 103 
conoidea 103 
gallica 103 
multinervia 102 
quadrivulnera 103 
quinquevulnera 103 
Silver Canyon 12 
Silybum 295 
Marianum 205 
Sisymbrium 116 
altissimum 118 
canescens 114 
nasturtium-aquaticum 
pannonicum 118 
reflexum 117 
Sisyrinchium 70 
bellum 71 
Sitanion 61 
jubatum 61 
Smartweed Family &1 
Smiley, F. J. 33 
Smith, H. H. 33 
Snake Canyon 12 
Snake’s-head 258 
Snapdragon 223 
Sneezeweed 281 
Snowberry 251 
Soap Plant 60, 88 
Soapstone Quarry 20 
Solanacee 216 
Solanum 216 
Douglasii 216 
Giant 217 
mgrum 217 
Wallacei 217, 385 
Xanti Wallacei 217 
Solenia 315 
cinerea 315 
Solidago 266 
californica 266, 3890 
Sonchus 259 
asper 260 
oleraceus 260 
oleraceus asper 260 
tenerrimus 250 


116 


tenuifolins 260 
Sophia 114 

pinnata 114 
Sorrel Family 157 
Sour-berry 166 

Oak 166 
Specularia 254 

biflora 254 
Spergularia Clevelandi 101 

macrotheca 101 

salina 101 
SPERMATOPHYTA 37 
Sphacele 238 

calycina Wallacei 238 

fragrans 238 
Sphaeria Diatrype dryophila 353 

Gallae 327 
Spheriaceer 346 
SPHAERIALES 346 
Spherographium 331 

avenaceum 33! 
Spheropsis 328 

nebelina 328 
Spherostigma 183 

bistortum 183 

micranthum 183 
Sphinctrina 360 

microcephala 360 
Spiderwort Family 70 
Spireza 129 

ariaefolia 120 
Spurge 163 

Family 160 

ground 164 
Spurrey, Sand ror 

Sea Io1 
Stellaria media 90 

nitens 99 
Stemonitacee 338 
Stemonitis 338 

leucocephala 338 

pallida 338 
Stenochloa californica 52 
Stephanomeria 256 

virgata 256, 385 
Stereum 315 

gansapatum 31% 

heterosporum 315 

hirsutum 315 

ochraceo-flavum 315 

paniculata 257 
Stictidacee 340 
Stictis 341 

lanuginicincta 341 

radiata 342 
Stipa 45 

eminens 45 

eminens Andersoni 46 

lepida 45 

lepida Andersoni 46 

pulchra 45 

setigera 45 


a 


Fae ae 


FLORA OF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 4II 


Strawberry, beach 06 
Strikeria 346 
cataline 346 
Stropharia 321 
#ruginosa 32! 
semiglobata 321 
Stylocline 290 
gnaphalioides 290 
Stylophyllum 122 
Hassei 122 
insulare 122 


Styphonia integrifolia 166 


Suaeda californica 93 
Torreyana 93 
Sugar Bush 166 
Sumac Family 164 
Sumach 166 
laurel 167 
Sunflower 283 
Sunshine 278 
Svida 189 
catalinensis 189 
Swain’s Canyon 24 
Sweet Alyssum 115 
pea, wild 154 
Symphoricarpos 251 
ciliatus 251 
mollis 251 
Syntrichia montana 307 
Syrmatium 150 
argophyllum 151 
dendroideum 152 
glabrum 152 
micranthum 151 
niveum 151 
ornithopum 151, 385 
patens 152 
Traskiz 151 


Talinum Menziesii 07 
Tapinia 319 
lamellosa 310 
Taraxacum 258 
Dens-Leonis 258 
officinale 258 
Taraxacum 258 
vulgare 258 
Targionia 311 
hypophylla 311 
Tar-weed 287 
Chile 286 
Tecalote 206 
Teichosporella 347 
lonicerina 347 
Tellima affinis 124 
Thalesia 242 
fasciculata 242 
THALLOPHYTA 313 


Thelephora hirsuta 315 . 


velutina 114 
Thelephoracex 314 


‘ Thelopodium laciniatum 118 


\ 


Thelesperma 284 
gracile 284 
Thelochistaceer 375 
Thelochistes 375 
chrysophthalmus 375 
flavicans 375 
Thelypodium 117 
lasiophyllum 117 
Thistle 295 
Family 263 
Milk 296 
Prickly Sow- 260 
Sow 
Star 2096 
Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris 113 
Thorn, Box 218 
Thymus chamissonis 237 
Thysanocarpus II7 
affints 117 
laciniatus 117 
ramosus 117 
Tibinagua 84 
Tidy Tips 280 
Tillea 121 
angustifolia 121 
erecta I2I 
minima 121 
Tissa 100 
Clevelandi 101 
macrotheca 101 
salina 100 
Tithymalus 162 
dictyospermus 162 
leptocerus 163. 385 
Toadflax, blue 221 
Toadstools 314 
Tobacco, Indian 260 
Mexican 260 
tree 260 
wild 269 
Tollon 135 
Tomato, wild 217 
Toninia 367 
aromatica 367 
Tortula 307 
atrovirens 307 
montana 307 
Toumey, J. W. 33 
Toxicodendron 165 
diversilobum 165, 385, 387 
Toyon 135 
Trask, Blanche 34 
Tree, Myrtle 160 
Tremella 336 
lutescens 336 
mesenterica 336 
Tremellaceze 336 
TREMELLINEALES 326 
Tricherostigma 163 
miserum 163 
Trichia 337 


412 Frectp Museum or Natura History—Bortany, Vor. V. 


fallax 337 
Trichiacez 337 
Trichoderma 332 

lignorum 332 
Tricholoma 322 

collybiiforme 323 
Trichostomum tophaceum 
Trifolium 142 

amplectens 146 

bifidum 142 

brachyodon 146 

cataline 143 

catalinae 142 

ctliatum 143 

ciliolatum 143 

gracilentum 142 

insularum 144 

macraei 144 

melilotus-indica 141 

microcephalum 145 

microdon 145 

microdon pilosum 145 

Palmeri 143 

repens 143 

stenophyllum 145 

Traskie 144 

tridentatum 144 
Trigonella americana 148 
Tropzolacee 150 
Tropeolum 159 

Majus 159 
Tumbleweed 94 
Tuna 179 

yellow 179 
Turkey Mullein 161 
Turpentine-weed 284 
Turquoise Flower 213 
Turritis lasiophylla 117 
Twist-pod 183 
Typha 39 

angustifolia 390 

bracteata 39 

latifolia 39, 385 
Typhacee 38 


Umbeliferae 184 
Uniola spicata 51 
Uredinacee 333 
Uredo abdita 335 
URIDINALES 333 
Uromyces 334 
intricatus 334 
Junci 334 
Loti 334 
medicaginis 334 
Polygoni 334 
toxicodendri 334 
Uropappus linearifolius 256 
Urtica 79 
gracilis holosericea &o 
holosericea 80, 385 


urens 80 
Uticacez 79 
URTICALES 79 
Usnea 374 

ceratina 374 

dasypoga 374 

scabrata 374 

hirta 374 

rubiginosa 374 
Usneaceex 373 
Ustilaginacee 333 
USTILAGINALES 333 
Ustilago 333 

Lorentziana 333 
Uva-Ursi 192 

pungens 192 

tomentosa 193 


Valsa 354 
Eucalypti 354 
holodiscina 354 
Valsacez 353 
Venus’ Looking-glass 254 
Verbena 235 
Family 235 
nodiflora 236 
prostrata 236, 385 
sand 95 
Verbenacee 235 
Verrucaria 358 
epidermidis fallax 350 
margacea papillosa 358 
maura 359 
punctiformis 361 
rupestris 358 
Verrucariacee 358 
Vervain 236 
Vetch 152 
Vicia 152 
exigua 153 
Vinca 197 
minor 197 
Viola 174 
pedunculata 174 
Violacee 173 
Violet 174 
Family 173 
yellow 174 
Virgin’s Bower 105 
Vitacee 170 
Vitis 170 
californica 170 
Girdiana 170 


Wallace, W. A. 34 
Walpole, F. A. 34 
Watercress 116 
Water-leaf-family 204 
Wheat Grass 61 
Wheeler, Mrs. 34 


Fiora oF SANTA CATALINA IsLAND—MILLspauGH & NUTTALL 413 


Walter 35 
Whispering Bells 210 
White’s Landing 24 
Willow, arroya 74 

coyote 75 

Family 73 

herb 182 

red 75 

white 75 
Wishbone Bush 95 
Wooton, E. O. 35 
Wormwood 275 


Xanthium 262 
californicum 263 
canadense 263 
pennsylvanicum 263 
spinosum 262 

Xanthoria 375 
lychnea 375 
parietina 375 
polycarpa 375 

Xanthoxalis 158 
californica 1590 


Xylaria 357 
hypoxylon 357 
Xylariacee 356 
Xylococcus 191 
bicolor 192 
Xylogramma 342 
nigerrima 342 
XYRIDALES 70 


Yarrow 274 

Yerba Buena 238 
de Chivato 105 
del Golfe 302 
del Vibora 187 
mansa 73 
Santa 238 


Zauschneria 180 
californica 181 
californica microphylla 181 
cana 181 

Zosteracexe 40 


Dyrsad te 
"M4 We he he 


ae 


Nena 


At i 


PLATES II to XIV 


(Plate XII faces page 306) 


"LINWOAS SHL WOus '3d01S TANNVHOD 
“LNIOd SNOT “ONINNVE “LW “Movr MOVIE 


“Il “Id “A “1OA ‘ANV.LOG “AYOLSIH IWYHALVN SO WNSSNW G13l4 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. It. 


FIG. 1. PEBBLE BEACH. 
LOOKING WEST FROM POINT LOOKOUT. 


FiG. 2. BIRD ROCK. 
SHIP ROCK IN MID-DISTANCE BEYOND, 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. IV. 


~ee 4 


SF A peer 


FIG. 1. ECHO LAKE. 
LOOKING EAST TOWARD BLACK JACK. 


FiG. 2. ECHO LAKE. 
LOOKING WEST FROM BASE OF BLACK JACK. 


Wal 
oT 
\ 
‘ 
, 
i 
. 
ie 
‘ 
. 
~ 
? y 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. V. 


FIG. 1. SAMBUCUS CAERULEA Raf 
LARGE ELDER TREE ON THE GOLF LINKS. 


FIG. 2. ADENOSTOMA FASCICULATUM H. & A. 
GREASEWOOD IN FLOWER. 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTOROY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. VI. 


Taare ee 6 


FIG. 1. QUERCUS TOMENTELLA Engelm. 
ISLAND OAK. 


FIG. 2. VALE IN BULRUSH CANYON. 
SHOWING GROVE PRINCIPALLY OF ISLAND OAK. 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. VII. 


FiG. 1. TOP OF IRONWOOD IN BLOOM. 


FIG. 2. GROVE IN SWAIN’S CANYON. FIG. 3. SHOWING BARK CHARACTER. 
LYONOTHAMUS FLORIBUNDUS Gray, 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. VIII. 


FIG. 1. LAVATERA ASSURGENTIFLORA Kell. 
MALVA ROSA, TRANSPLANTED TO BANNING HOUSE, ISTHMUS. 


FiG. 2. OPUNTIA MEGACANTHA Salm-Dyck. 
YELLOW TUNA ON RIDGE OF DESCANSO CANYON. 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. IX. 


FIG. 1. COREOPSIS GIGANTEA Hall. 
NIGGER-HEAD AND TUNAS ON BIRD ROCK, 


FIG. 2. COREOPSIS GIGANTEA Hall. 
NIGGER-HEAD IN FULL BLOOM AT THE ISTHMUS. 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. X. 


FIG. 1. SVIDA CATALINENSIS sp. nov. 
CATALINA DOGWOOD. TRUNK WITH SHOOTS. 


FIG. 2. TRICHOLOMA COLLYBIIFORMIS Murrill. 
TRICHOLOMA MUSHROOM. 


| ae. 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. XI. 


> 


bon | 


FiG. 1. STYLOPHYLLUM INSULARE Rose. 
ISLAND STONECROP OR LIVE-FOR-EVER. 


Fig. 2. LUPINUS HALLII Abrams. 
GIANT LUPINE IN FULL FLOWER. 


= 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. XIII. 


FiG. 1. COREOPSIS GIGANTEA Hall. FIG. 2. BERGEROCACTUS EMoRY! B. & R. 
NIGGER-HEAD, IN FRUIT, 7 FEET TALL. SNAKE CACTUS. 


FIG. 3. TOXICODENDRON DIVERSILOBUM Greene. 
POISON IVY KILLING OAKS IN BULRUSH CANYON. 


FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. V, PL. XIV. 


FiG. 1. ViTIS GIRDIANA Muns. 
WILD GRAPE IN COTTONWOOD CANYON. 


FiG. 2. ERIOGONUM NUDUM Dougl. 
WILD BUCKWHEAT. 


\CATALINA ISLAND 


- California oe 


wompiled toAccompany 


UGH#NUTTALL'S FLORA 


Museum of Natural History 
Chicago 


Ss 


noe 


Sca/e of Miles 


PITTI 


3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 


Chicken 
Piedra E 


Bulrush @3* 7 7 
Isthmus Hy 
Fm 

S. 
Bird Roel ‘s 


1 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5, 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9, 


ESRESSERaaES 


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a 


LOCALITIES 


Avalon 

-Avalon Valley 
Avalon Run 

Beacon St. Canyon 
Golf Links Canyon 
Big Wash Canyon 
Rock Spring Canyon 
Rock Falls Canyon 
Chicken Johnny’s 


Piedra Escalera Canyon 


Equestrian Trail 
Nolava Canyon 
Snake Canyon 
Sage Canyon 
Silver Canyon 
Grand Canyon 
Coach Road 

Trail to Black Jack 
Old Isthmus Trail 
Echo Lake 

Hay Press Chute 
Middle Ranch Canyon 
Cape Canyon 
Middle Ranch 
Eagle’s Nest 
Black Jack 
Orizaba 
Cottonwood Canyon 
Little Harbor 
Silver Knob 

Mt. Viscaino 
Bulrush Canyon 
Isthmus 

Isthmus Harbor 
Fisherman’s Cove 
Bird Rock 


Ship Rock 

Ironwood Gully 

Catalina Harbor 

Ballast Point 

Fourth o’July 

Cherry Valley 

Howland’s 

Johnson’s , 

Parson’s 

Silver Peak 

Mt. Torquemada 

Pebble Beach Read 

Pebble Beach 

Pebble Beach Canyon 

Lookout Point 

Jewfish Point 

Seal Rocks 

Upper Pebble Beach 
Road 


Mt. Washington 
Mt. Martha 
Mt. Shatto 
Mt. Wilson 
Descanso Canyon 
Hamilton Canyon 
Cherry Canyon 
Rattlesnake Canyon 
Gallagher’s Canyon 
Banning’s Canyon 
White’s Landing and 
Swains Canyon 
Moonstone Beae! 
Long Point 
Empire Landin; 
Salta Verde Ridge 
Bulrush Ridge 


SANTA CATALINA ISLAND 


— California — 


Map Compiled toAccompany 
MILLSPAUGH #2! NUTTALL FLORA 


Field Museum of Natural His tory 
Chica go 


s 


Scale of Miles 


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